AP Psychology Stress & Coping

Stress & Coping

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• Intro 0:00
• Objectives 0:08
• Discuss Theories of Stress and the Effects of Stress on Psychological and Physical Well-Being
• Health Psychology 0:33
• Uses Behavioral Principles to Prevent Illness and Promote Health
• Behavioral Medicine: Applies Psychology to Manage Medical Problems e.g. Asthma and Diabetes
• Lifestyles Diseases: Diseases Related to Health-Damaging Personal Habits
• Behavior Risk Factors 1:31
• Behaviors That Increase the Chance of Disease, Injury, or Premature Death.
• Disease-Prone Personality: Personality Type Associated With Poor Health; Person Tends to be Chronically Depressed, Anxious, Hostile, and Frequently Ill.
• Stress, Hormones, and the Brain 2:51
• Stress Activates the Sympathetic Nervous System
• Adrenaline and Noradrenaline (Epinephrine and Norepinephrine)
• Cortisol -- Not as Quick to Act, But Arouses the Body
• Amygdala Recognizes a Threat, Message to Hypothalamus…Adrenal Glands Release Cortisol -- Great For Survival Situations
• BUT -- In the Long Term, Elevated Levels Can Suppress the Immune System, Increase Blood Pressure and Blood Sugar, Decrease Libido, Produce Acne, Contribute to Obesity (Especially Belly Fat) and More
• Anxiety Issues
• Ways to Promote Health and Prevention 5:24
• Refusal Skills Training: Program That Teaches Young People How to Resist Pressures to Begin Smoking
• Life Skills Training: Teaches Stress Reduction, Self-Protection, Decision Making, Self-Control, and Social Skills
• Community Health Campaign: Community-wide Education Program That Provides Information About How to Decrease Risk Factors and Promote Health
• Role Model: Person Who Serves as a Positive Example of Good and Desirable Behavior
• Wellness: Positive State of Good Health and Well-Being; More Than the Absence of Disease
• Major Health Promoting Behaviors 7:17
• Nutrition: Eat a Balanced, Low-Fat Diet; Appropriate Caloric Intake, Maintain Healthy Body Weight
• Exercise: At Least 30 Mins. Of Aerobics 3-5 Days/Week
• Blood Pressure: Lower BP With Diet and Exercise -- See Physician if Need Meds
• Alcohol and Drugs: No More Than Two Drinks Per Day; Abstain From Doing Drugs
• Tobacco: Do Not Smoke or Use Smokeless Tobacco
• Sleep and Relaxation: Avoid Sleep Deprivation; Give Time for Relaxation/Meditation Daily
• Sex: Practice Safer Sex; Avoid Unplanned Pregnancy
• Injury: Curb Dangerous Driving Habits, Use Seat Belts, Minimize Sun Exposure, Avoid Dangerous Activities
• Stress: Learn Stress Management; Lower Hostility
• Stress 10:02
• Mental and Physical Condition That Occurs When a Person Must Adjust or Adapt to the Environment
• Stress Reaction: Physical Reaction to Stress
• Stressor
• Appraisal 11:52
• Primary Appraisal -- Is It Relevant? Is It Positive? Threatening?
• Secondary Appraisal -- Are There Coping Resources Available? Do I Have a Course of Action I Can Take?
• Stressor -- Is It Intense? Repeating? Unpredictable? Uncontrollable? Pressure?
• A Perceived Lack of Control is Just as Threatening as an Actual Lack of Control
• Stressful Life Events and Illnesses 14:14
• Catastrophes
• Significant Life Changes
• Daily Hassles
• My Students Usually Make Lists About Stressors and Various Symptoms of Stress
• By the End of the Period, They are Usually Incredibly Stressed Just Thinking About Stress
• Signs of Ongoing Stress 18:30
• Emotional Signs: Anxiety, Apathy, Irritability, Mental Fatigue
• Behavioral Signs: Avoidance of Responsibilities and Relationships, Extreme or Self-Destructive Behavior, Self-Neglect, Poor Judgment
• Physical Signs: Excessive Worry About Illness, Frequent Illness, Overuse of Medicines
• Stress Response System 19:52
• Hans Seyle Connected Physiology and Endocrine System to Stress
• General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
• Exhaustion Phase Can Be Where Burnout Occurs and a Person Gets Sick
• Burnout 20:40
• Job-Related Condition (Usually in Helping Professions) of Physical, Mental, and Emotional Exhaustion, Has Three Aspects
• Emotional Exhaustion
• Cynicism
• Feeling of Lack of Accomplishment
• Stressful Life Events and Illness 22:04
• Coronary Heart Disease
• Type A and Type B Personalities
• Type A -- Friedman and Rosenman's Term For Competitive, Hard-Driving, Impatient, Verbally Aggressive, and Anger-Prone People
• Type B -- Friedman and Rosenman's Term for Easygoing, Relaxed People
• Psychophysiological Illnesses: Literally Mind-Body Illness; Any Stress-Related Physical Illness, Such as Hypertension and Some Headaches
• Psychoneuroimmunology: The Study of How Psychological, Neural and Endocrine Processes Together Affect the Immune System and Resulting Health
• Coping With Threats 25:51
• Emotion-Focused Coping: Trying to Control One's Emotional Reactions to the Situation
• Problem-Focused Coping: Managing or Remedying the Distressing Situation
• Traumatic Stresses: Extreme Events That Cause Psychological Injury or Intense Emotional Pain
• Frustration 27:36
• Negative Emotional State That Occurs When One is Prevented From Reaching Desired Goals
• External Frustration: Based on External Conditions That Impede Progress Toward a Goal
• Personal Frustration: Caused by Personal Characteristics That Impede Progress Toward a Goal
• Reactions to Frustration 28:48
• Aggression: Any Response Made With the Intention of Harming a Person, Animal, or Object
• Displaced Aggression: Redirecting Aggression to a Target Other Than the Source of One's Frustration
• Scapegoating: Blaming a Person or Group for Conditions They Did Not Create; The Scapegoat is a Habitual Target of Displaced Aggression
• Escape: May Mean Actually Leaving a Source of Frustration (Dropping Out of School) or Psychologically Escaping (Apathy)
• Conflict: Stressful Condition That Occurs When a Person Must Choose Between Contradictory Needs, Desires, Motives, or Demands
• Cognition and Stress 31:17
• Later, in the Personality Unit, We Will Examine Defense Mechanisms, a Freudian Set of Ideas
• Self-Defeating Fears and Attitudes 32:43
• It Would Be Terrible to be Rejected, Abandoned or Alone. I Must Have Love and Approval Before I Can Feel Good About Myself.
• If Someone Criticizes Me, It Means There's Something Wrong With Me.
• I Must Always Please People and Live Up to Everyone's Expectations.
• I Am Basically Defective and Inferior to Other People.
• Self-Defeating Fears and Attitudes 33:53
• Other People Are to Blame For My Problems.
• The World Should Always Be the Way I Want it To Be.
• Other People Should Always Meet My Expectations.
• If I Worry or Feel Bad About a Situation, It Will Somehow Make Things Better. It's Not Really Safe to Feel Happy and Optimistic.
• I'm Hopeless and Bound to Feel Depressed Forever Because the Problems in My Life Are Impossible to Solve.
• I Must Always Try to Be Perfect. There Are Several Kinds of Perfectionism That Can Make You Unhappy.
• Learned Helplessness (Seligman) 35:16
• Acquired (Learned) Inability to Overcome Obstacles and Avoid Aversive Stimuli; Learned Passivity
• Can Lead to or Contribute to Depression
• Measuring Stress 36:55
• Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS): Rates The Impact of Various Life Events on the Likelihood of Contracting Illness
• Microstressors (Hassles): Minor But Frequent Stressors
• Accultative Stress: Caused By Many Changes and Adaptations Required When a Person Moves to a Foreign Culture
• Managing Stress 38:32
• Use of Behavioral Strategies to Reduce Stress and Improve Coping Skills
• Progressive Relaxation: Produces Deep Relaxation Throughout the Body By Tightening all Muscles in an Ares and then Relaxing Them
• Guided Imagery: Visualizing Images That Are Calming, Relaxing, or Beneficial in Other Ways
• Stress Inoculation: Using Positive Coping Statements Internally to Control Fear and Anxiety; Designed to Combat Negative Self-Statements.
• Coping Statements: Reassuring, Self-Enhancing Statements Used to Stop Self-Critical Thinking
• Find Positive Message Accounts on Social Media
• Managing Stress 42:15
• Reduce Your Vulnerabilities
• Use Your Support System
• Prepare Rather Than Worry
• Breathe
• Choose Instead of Reacting
• Prioritize
• Learn to Say No
• Journal
• Unplug
• Laugh
• Know Yourself
• Review 45:54
• What is Stress?
• What Events Provoke Stress Responses?
• Why Are Some of Us More Prone Than Others to Coronary Heart Disease?
• How Does Our Thinking Promote Stress Reactions?
• What Behaviors Help Us Reduce Stress Reactions?