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Lecture Comments (5)

3 answers

Last reply by: Esamelden Abdelnaem
Wed Apr 26, 2017 11:07 PM

Post by Lydia Radden on August 30, 2016

I thought oxygen was a by-product or waste which the plant excretes after photosynthesis the combination of CO2 + H2O = C6H12O6 + O2 So wouldn't it be a combination of sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce a sugar  or glucose molecule and oxygen which it expires during transpiration.  

0 answers

Post by Erika Porter on May 14, 2013

Hello Professor McIntyre,

I was wondering what the "2n" and "n" represent on the mosses slide.

Also, the "Ferns" slide is blurry and I wanted to understand what the stage is called between:
1. the mature sporophyte and spores,
2. spores and prethallus (gametophyte), and
3. prethallus and female/male gametes.

also, what do those words mean?

thanks.

Plant Reproduction

Lecture Slides are screen-captured images of important points in the lecture. Students can download and print out these lecture slide images to do practice problems as well as take notes while watching the lecture.

  • Intro 0:00
  • Objectives 0:07
    • Objectives
  • Life Cycle of Plants 0:36
    • How Does Plant Life Begin?
  • Asexual Reproduction 2:40
    • Asexual Reproduction
  • Sexual Reproduction 5:27
    • Fertilization
  • Spores 8:01
    • Spores
  • Mosses 9:27
    • Gametophyte Phase
    • Sporophyte Phase
  • Ferns 12:34
    • Two-part Life Cycle: First Generation
    • Two-part Life Cycle: Second Generation
  • Ferns 14:20
    • Phases of Life Cycle
  • Conifers and their Cones 16:39
    • Fertilization of Male and Female Cones
    • Diagram Example
  • Seeds 19:28
    • Germination & Conditions
  • Angiosperms 21:46
    • Flowers
    • Self-pollination
    • Cross-pollination
  • Parts of a Flower 23:49
    • Petals
    • Sepals
    • Nectary
    • Stamen & Carpel
  • Sepals 25:56
    • Sepals
  • Nectary 27:03
    • Nectary
  • Male Structures 28:24
    • Stamen Overview
    • Three Parts of Stamen: Pollen, Anther, and Filament
  • Female Structures 29:52
    • Carpel
    • Stigma
    • Style
    • Ovary
  • Pollination Process 31:19
    • Pollination Process
    • Fertilization
    • After Fertilization
  • Example 1: How Can You Grow Plants Without Using Seeds? 33:23
  • Example 2: List Two Ways Seeds are Different from Spores? 34:08
  • Example 3: During Pollination, Pollen Grains are Transferred from Where to Where? 35:25
  • Example 4: Label the Parts of a Flower 37:37

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Nehlia McIntyre

Nehlia McIntyre

Plant Reproduction

Slide Duration:

Table of Contents

Section 1: Classification
Characteristics of Life

16m 39s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:10
Objectives
0:11
5 Characteristics of Life
0:27
Grow, Reproduce, Adapt, Cells, and Energy
0:28
Growth and Development
1:38
Growth and Development
1:39
Life Span
2:44
Reproduction
2:55
Reproduction
2:56
Adapt and Respond
3:29
Adaptation
3:30
Organisms Respond to Stimuli
3:54
Definition of Stimuli
5:25
Homeostasis
5:58
Adapt to Environment
7:38
Cells
8:09
Organisms and Cells
8:10
One-celled Organisms and Many-celled Organisms
8:27
Energy
10:12
Organisms and Energy
10:13
Energy Sources
10:39
Example 1: Name the 5 Characteristics of Life
12:02
Example 2: What is Homeostasis?
12:58
Example 3: How Do Living Things Get Energy?
13:52
Example 4: Living or Nonliving?
14:24
Classifying Living Things

23m 5s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Objectives
0:08
Taxonomy
0:26
Taxonomy
0:27
Taxonomist
1:28
Carolus Linnaeus
1:47
Rules of Taxonomy
2:03
Rules of Taxonomy
2:04
Kingdoms and Domains
3:17
6 Kingdoms
3:53
3 Domains
4:13
Levels of Taxonomy
5:11
Levels of Taxonomy
5:12
Naming Organisms
8:40
Common Names
8:41
Scientific Names
10:03
Plants
11:37
Plants Overview
11:38
Animals
13:50
Animals Overview
13:51
Fungi
14:50
Fungi Overview
14:51
Eubacteria/Archaebacteria
15:40
Eubacteria/Archaebacteria Overview
15:41
Protists
18:49
Protists Overview
18:50
Example 1: What are the 3 Domains?
20:11
Example 2: What are the 6 Kingdoms?
20:56
Example 3: What are the Levels of Taxonomy
21:38
Example 4: Identifying Kingdom
22:26
Section 2: Plants
Plant Classification

24m 9s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:09
Objectives
0:10
Why Study Plants?
0:33
Botany
0:34
Usages of Plants
1:15
Plant Characteristics
1:56
Multicellular
1:57
Eukaryotes
2:27
Cell Wall
3:18
Need Water
4:31
Photosynthesis
4:55
Plant Origins
6:40
Common Ancestor: Green Algae
6:41
Adaptations to Land
8:04
Plant Classification
10:44
Kingdom: Divisions/Phyla
10:45
Based on Physical Characteristics
12:07
Evolution of Plants
13:10
Life Cycles
14:16
Annuals
14:17
Biennials
14:30
Perennials
14:41
Nonvascular Plants
15:01
Characteristics of Nonvascular Plants
15:02
Vascular Plants
18:22
Tubes Transport Food and Water in Stem, Leaves, and Roots
18:23
3 Types of Vascular Tissue: Xylem
19:19
3 Types of Vascular Tissue: Phloem
20:10
3 Types of Vascular Tissue: Cambium
20:46
Example 1: Identify the Type of Vascular Tissue that Transport Food Throughout the Plant
21:19
Example 2: The Plant Kingdom is Classified into Groups Called?
21:56
Example 3: Name Two Adaptations that Allow Plants to Survive on Land
22:29
Example 4: Name Two Characteristics that All Plants Share
23:15
Seedless Plants

25m 37s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:09
Objectives
0:10
Plant Classification
0:36
Vascular and Nonvascular
0:37
Vascular-Seed or Seedless
1:44
All Nonvascular- Seedless Only
1:54
What is a Bryophyte?
2:51
Seedless, Nonvascular Plants
2:52
Use Spores Instead of Seeds
3:50
3 Groups: Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts
4:44
Where do Bryophytes Grow?
4:56
Water and Diffusion
4:57
Why are Bryophytes Important?
6:36
Maintain Healthy Ecology
6:37
Soil Builders
7:15
Store Water
7:50
Mosses
8:38
Mosses
8:39
Liverworts
10:04
Liverworts
10:05
Hornworts
11:19
Hornworts
11:20
What are Pteridophytes?
11:57
What are Pteridophytes?
11:58
Ferns
13:38
Characteristics of Ferns
13:39
Club Mosses
16:04
Club Mosses
16:05
Horsetails
17:39
Horsetails
17:40
Example 1: Name One Similarity and One Difference Between Bryophytes and Pteridophytes
20:24
Example 2: What Does the Fossil Record Tell Us About Seedless Plants Living Millions of Years Ago?
22:49
Example 3: How Do Nonvascular Plants Get Water and Nutrients?
23:52
Example 4: Identify the Plant in the Pictures Below
24:14
Seed Plants

23m 30s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Objectives
0:08
Seed Plant Characteristics
0:29
Seed Plant Characteristics
0:30
2 Groups: Non-flowering or Flowering
1:52
Leaves
2:18
Photosynthesis
2:19
Layers of Cells - Epidermis
4:37
Waxy Cuticle
6:36
Chloroplasts
7:06
Leaves
7:57
Diagrams: Structures and Functions
7:58
Stems
10:00
Stems
10:01
2 Types: Herbaceous or Woody
10:33
Roots
11:13
Roots
11:14
Gymnosperms
12:55
Gymnosperms
12:56
Divisions: Conifers
14:02
Divisions: Cycads
14:20
Divisions: Ginkgoes
14:29
Divisions: Gnetophytes
14:37
Angiosperms
14:54
Angiosperms
14:55
Groups: Monocots and Dicots
15:57
Example 1: Is an Apple Tree a Gymnosperm or an Angiosperm?
20:26
Example 2: Is a Flower with 5 Petals a Monocot or a Dicot?
21:27
Example 3: Name Two Root Functions
22:02
Example 4: In What Part of the Leaf Does Photosynthesis Occur?
22:48
Plant Reproduction

40m 40s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Objectives
0:08
Life Cycle of Plants
0:36
How Does Plant Life Begin?
0:37
Asexual Reproduction
2:40
Asexual Reproduction
2:41
Sexual Reproduction
5:27
Fertilization
5:28
Spores
8:01
Spores
8:02
Mosses
9:27
Gametophyte Phase
9:28
Sporophyte Phase
10:53
Ferns
12:34
Two-part Life Cycle: First Generation
12:35
Two-part Life Cycle: Second Generation
13:18
Ferns
14:20
Phases of Life Cycle
14:21
Conifers and their Cones
16:39
Fertilization of Male and Female Cones
16:40
Diagram Example
18:24
Seeds
19:28
Germination & Conditions
19:29
Angiosperms
21:46
Flowers
21:47
Self-pollination
22:30
Cross-pollination
22:52
Parts of a Flower
23:49
Petals
23:50
Sepals
24:32
Nectary
25:00
Stamen & Carpel
25:12
Sepals
25:56
Sepals
25:57
Nectary
27:03
Nectary
27:04
Male Structures
28:24
Stamen Overview
28:25
Three Parts of Stamen: Pollen, Anther, and Filament
29:03
Female Structures
29:52
Carpel
29:53
Stigma
30:28
Style
30:44
Ovary
31:07
Pollination Process
31:19
Pollination Process
31:20
Fertilization
31:57
After Fertilization
32:24
Example 1: How Can You Grow Plants Without Using Seeds?
33:23
Example 2: List Two Ways Seeds are Different from Spores?
34:08
Example 3: During Pollination, Pollen Grains are Transferred from Where to Where?
35:25
Example 4: Label the Parts of a Flower
37:37
Photosynthesis & Respiration

26m 20s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Objectives
0:08
What do Plants Need?
0:23
Water, Sunlight, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Nutrients
0:24
Leaves and Roots
2:17
Leaves
4:00
Structures and Functions
4:01
Stomata
6:11
Guard Cells
6:12
Open Stomata - Daytime
7:14
Closed Stomata - Nighttime
8:12
What is Photosynthesis?
9:10
Photosynthesis Overview
9:11
Respiration
13:21
Respiration Overview
13:22
Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration
14:33
Why is this Important?
16:49
Photosynthesis
16:50
Respiration
17:20
Example 1: Give the Chemical Equations for Photosynthesis and Aerobic Respiration
19:11
Example 2: Where do Photosynthesis and Respiration Occur?
21:35
Example 3: How do Guard Cells Help Maintain Homeostasis in Plants?
22:28
Example 4: Which Arrows Show Respiration?
23:55
Plant Responses

17m 5s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Objectives
0:08
What are Plant Responses?
0:24
Behavior
0:25
Stimulus: External and Internal
0:59
Tropisms
2:40
Tropisms
2:41
Positive Examples
3:30
Plant Hormones
5:07
Plant Hormones
5:08
Ethylene
5:52
Auxin
7:44
Gibberellins
8:14
Cytokinins
8:23
Abscicic Acid
9:11
Photoperiods
10:12
Photoperiods
10:13
Long-day Plants
10:48
Short-day Plants
11:32
Day-neutral Plants
12:00
Diagram: Short-day and Long-day Plants
12:27
Example 1: Which Plant Hormone Helps Fruit to Ripen?
13:21
Example 2: Which Plant Hormone Keeps Buds from Developing During the Winter?
14:02
Example 3: List One Example of an Internal and External Stimulus in Plants
14:52
Example 4: Describe What Happened to the Plants in the Picture
15:27
Section 3: Animals
Animal Classification

16m 27s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Objectives
0:08
Common Characteristics
0:25
Multicellular
0:39
Heterotrophic
1:15
Eukaryotic Cells
1:42
Sexual Reproduction
2:07
Symmetry
2:18
Motile
2:35
How Animals are Classified?
2:47
How Animals are Classified?
2:48
Animal Classification
4:05
Animal Classification
4:06
Invertebrates
5:17
Invertebrates
5:18
Vertebrates
5:54
Vertebrates
5:55
Carnivores
7:01
Carnivores
7:02
Herbivores
8:43
Herbivores
8:44
Omnivores
10:25
Omnivores
10:26
Symmetry
10:48
Asymmetrical, Radial Symmetry, and Bilateral Symmetry Overview
10:49
Radial Symmetry
11:59
Radial Symmetry
12:00
Bilateral Symmetry
12:51
Bilateral Symmetry
12:52
Example 1: Animal Classification
13:38
Example 2: Name Two Characteristics that All Animals Share?
14:16
Example 3: What Type of Symmetry is Shown in the Picture?
14:53
Example 4: Label Each Animal as an Invertebrate or a Vertebrate
15:22
Invertebrates

8m 17s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Objectives
0:08
How are Invertebrates Classified?
0:25
Invertebrates Classification
0:26
Body Structures
1:34
Types of Symmetry
1:35
Skeleton and Shells
2:36
What Role do Invertebrates Play?
3:46
Food Source
3:47
Pollinators
4:10
Recyclers
4:26
Example 1: Name the Seven Groups of Invertebrates
4:39
Example 2: Name Two Body Structures Commonly Found in Invertebrates
6:23
Example 3: What Three Roles Do Invertebrates Play in the Environment?
7:06
Example 4: What Type of Skeleton Does This Invertebrate Have?
7:33
Sponges

14m 39s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Objectives
0:08
Characteristics of Sponges
0:22
Characteristics of Sponges
0:23
How are Sponges Different?
2:20
Asymmetrical
2:21
Sessile
2:52
Hollow Tube
3:27
Spicules
4:04
What do Sponges Eat?
4:46
What do Sponges Eat?
4:47
How do Sponges get Oxygen?
5:45
How do Sponges get Oxygen?
5:46
How do Sponges Help other Marine Animals?
6:44
Shelter and Food
6:45
How do Sponges Reproduce?
7:23
Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
7:24
Hermaphrodites
7:38
Asexual Reproduction
9:28
Asexual Reproduction Overview
9:29
Budding
9:42
Regeneration
10:04
Uses for Sponges
10:48
Uses for Sponges
10:49
Example 1: Describe How Sponges Reproduce Sexually
11:17
Example 2: What is a Hermaphrodite?
12:11
Example 3: Why Do You Think that Occurred and How are They Different from Plants?
12:29
Example 4: Name the Sharp, Pointed Protective Structures Shown in this Picture
14:07
Cnidarians

19m 32s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Objectives
0:07
What are Cnidarians?
0:25
What are Cnidarians?
0:26
Examples of Cnidarians
3:01
Examples of Cnidarians
3:02
Common Characteristics
3:40
Stingers
3:42
Organ and Tissue Level
4:32
Two Cell Layers: Ectoderm and Endoderm
5:07
Radial Symmetry
6:35
Two Body Forms
7:09
Two Body Forms Overview
7:10
Polyps
7:36
Medusa
9:18
Jellyfish
10:26
Jellyfish
10:27
Corals
12:06
Corals
12:07
Sea Anemones
13:44
Sea Anemones
13:45
Portuguese man-of-war
15:01
Portuguese man-of-war
15:02
Hydras
16:08
Hydras
16:09
Example 1: Name the Two Benefits of Stinging Tentacles for Cnidarians
16:46
Example 2: Which Body Form has Tentacles that Point Downward?
17:31
Example 3: Name a Type of Cnidarians that Forms Colonies
18:22
Example 4: How Does This Animal Reproduce?
18:51
Mollusks

17m 36s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:05
Objectives
0:06
What are Mollusks?
0:20
What are Mollusks?
0:21
Examples of Mollusks
3:03
Examples of Mollusks
3:04
Distinguishing Features
3:27
Muscular Foot
3:38
Mantle
3:59
Gills
4:36
Classification
6:09
Three Major Classes of Mollusks
6:10
Gastropods
7:18
Gastropods
7:19
Bivalves
10:31
Bivalves
10:32
Cephalopods
11:50
Cephalopods
11:51
Example 1: What are the Three Main Groups of Mollusks?
14:32
Example 2: What is the Function of Gills?
15:27
Example 3: What is the Difference Between a Snail and a Slug?
16:09
Example 4: What Type of Symmetry Does this Mollusk Exhibit?
16:47
Worms

29m 48s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Objectives
0:08
What are Worms?
0:29
What are Worms?
0:30
Where are Worms?
2:27
Where are Worms?
2:28
Characteristics of Flatworms
2:55
Characteristics of Flatworms
2:56
Planarians
4:34
Planarians
4:35
Flukes
7:53
Parasites
7:54
Sexual Reproduction
8:32
Tapeworms
9:23
Parasites With No Body Openings
9:24
Sexual Reproduction
10:52
Characteristics of Roundworms
11:29
Characteristics of Roundworms
11:30
Importance of Roundworms
14:16
Essential to the Health of the Soil
14:17
Origin
14:48
Roundworms and Disease
15:39
Trichinella Worm
15:48
Hookworm
16:20
Pinworm
16:46
Characteristics of Segmented Worms
17:17
Phylum Annelida & Segmented Bodies
17:18
Two Types: Terrestrial and Marine
19:09
Earthworms
20:35
Characteristics of Earthworms
20:36
Sexual Reproduction
21:10
Essential to the Health of Soil
21:41
Earthworm Anatomy
22:29
Earthworm Anatomy: Soil Pathway
22:30
Marine Worms
24:34
Polychaetes
24:35
Leeches
25:35
Example 1: Explain How the Planarian Reproduces both Sexually and Asexually
26:15
Example 2: Which Worm has Hooks and Suckers to Attach to Its Host?
27:11
Example 3: What Characteristics have Helped Roundworms Evolve?
27:44
Example 4: How Does This Animal Reproduce?
28:42
Arthropods

14m 18s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Objectives
0:07
What are Arthropods?
0:23
What are Arthropods?
0:24
'Jointed Foot'
0:44
Jointed Appendages
1:05
Types of Arthropods
1:45
Types of Arthropods
1:46
Common Characteristics of Arthropods
2:53
Common Characteristics of Arthropods
2:54
How do Arthropods Get Their Food?
5:04
Chewing
5:05
Piercing and Sucking
5:27
Lapping up Nectar
5:51
Eating Other Animals
6:06
How do Arthropods Use Their Exoskeleton?
6:38
Protection
6:55
Support
7:27
Water Conservation
7:40
What is Molting?
8:02
Molting
8:03
Example 1: List Two Ways that Arthropods Obtain Food
10:50
Example 2: Name One Advantage and One Disadvantage of Having an Exoskeleton?
11:25
Example 3: Name the Four Types of Arthropods
12:35
Example 4: What is This Process Called That is Shown Below?
13:11
Echinoderms

13m 49s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Objectives
0:07
What are Echinoderms?
0:24
What are Echinoderms?
0:25
Examples
1:13
Common Characteristics of Echinoderms
1:45
Common Characteristics of Echinoderms
1:46
How do Echinoderms Get Food?
3:25
How do Echinoderms Get Food?
3:26
Water-vascular System
3:46
Tube Feet
5:25
Starfish
6:32
Starfish
6:33
Tube Feet
8:25
Feeding
9:02
Sea Urchins
9:32
Spines and Feet
9:33
Mouth
10:24
Example 1: What Do Echinoderms Use to Move Around?
11:05
Example 2: What Do Echinoderms Use to Protect Themselves?
11:59
Example 3: How Can This Animal Repair a Broken Arm?
12:40
Example 4: What Type of Food Does This Animal Eat?
13:13
Vertebrates

19m 29s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Objectives
0:07
What are Vertebrates?
0:24
Animals with Backbones
0:25
How are Vertebrates Classified?
2:53
Five Major Groups
2:55
Birds
4:41
Birds
4:42
Fish
7:05
Live in Fresh or Saltwater
7:06
Distinct Features
8:02
Sexual Reproduction
9:49
Amphibians
9:55
Amphibian = ' Double Life'
9:56
Live in Both Water and Land
11:00
Reptiles
12:43
Dry-scaly Skin
12:44
Terrestrial Eggs
13:57
Ectotherms
14:39
Mammals
15:04
Mammary Glands
15:05
Hair
15:27
Endotherms
15:43
Example 1: Name the Five Major Groups of Vertebrates
16:54
Example 2: What Does the Word 'Amphibian' Mean?
17:45
Example 3: List Two Characteristics of All Reptiles
18:12
Example 4: What is the Common Feature that These Animals Share Below?
18:35
Fish

24m 2s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Objectives
0:07
Common Characteristics
0:28
Common Characteristics
0:29
Fins
3:11
Fins
3:12
Gills
4:27
Gills Overview
4:28
Respiration
5:09
Scales
6:22
Scales: Characteristics and Functions
6:23
3 Classes of Fish
8:33
Jawless Fish, Cartilaginous Fish, and Bony Fish
8:34
Jawless Fish
9:29
Jawless Fish
9:30
Cartilaginous Fish
11:12
Cartilaginous Fish
11:13
Bony Fish
12:19
Bony Fish
12:20
Lobe-finned Fish
14:43
Lobe-finned Fish
14:44
Lung Fish
15:55
Lung Fish
15:56
Ray-finned Fish
17:24
Ray-finned Fish Overview
17:25
Examples of Ray-finned Fish
18:42
Example 1: What Covers Most Fish Like House Shingles and Helps to Protect Them From Predators?
19:38
Example 2: Compare and Contrast Jawless and Cartilaginous Fish
19:57
Example 3: How are Gills Used for Gas Exchange?
21:10
Example 4: Explain Why This Type of Fish Picture Below Would Not Need a Swim Bladder?
22:27
Amphibians

13m 51s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Objectives
0:08
Common Characteristics
0:27
Common Characteristics
0:28
Examples
2:40
Metamorphosis
3:26
Young Water Stage
3:27
Adult Land Stage
4:41
Frogs and Toads
5:51
Common Characteristics
5:52
Frogs versus Toads Characteristics
6:44
Salamanders and Newts
8:31
Salamanders and Newts
8:32
Example 1: Describe Two Differences Between a Tadpole and a Frog
9:22
Example 2: Describe Two Differences Between a Frog and a Toad
10:42
Example 3: Describe Two Differences Between a Frog and a Salamander
11:53
Example 4: Describe the Stage of Development for the Amphibian Pictured Below
13:06
Reptiles

16m 37s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Objectives
0:07
Common Characteristics
0:26
Common Characteristics
0:27
Lizards and Snakes
4:00
Lizards and Snakes Overview
4:01
Characteristics of Lizards
4:42
Characteristics of Snakes
5:28
Turtles
7:34
Characteristics of Turtles
7:35
Crocodilians
9:10
3 Types: Crocodiles
9:21
3 Types: Alligators
10:13
3 Types: Gavials
10:24
Characteristics of Crocodilians
10:33
Example 1: Describe Two Adaptations that Have Helped Reptiles to Live on Land
11:30
Example 2: Compare and Contrast Lizards and Snakes
12:32
Example 3: What is the Purpose of a Turtle's Shell?
14:16
Example 4: Identify Each Picture Below
14:48
Birds

17m 24s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Objectives
0:08
Common Characteristics
0:24
Common Characteristics
0:25
Types of Feathers
5:24
Contour Feathers
5:34
Down Feathers
6:17
Tail Feather
6:56
Wings
7:38
Wings: Structures and Functions
7:39
Non-flying Birds
8:28
Body Systems
9:05
Digestive System
9:21
Respiratory System
11:14
Circulatory System
12:14
Body Systems
12:54
Diagram: Beaks
12:55
Diagram: Digestive System
13:28
Diagram: Circulatory System
13:53
Diagram: Respiratory System
14:10
Example 1: Describe Two Adaptations that Have Helped Birds to Fly
14:47
Example 2: Describe the Type of Feather that Helps Birds Maintain Their Body Temperature
15:24
Example 3: Name Two Ways Birds Use Their Wings
16:05
Example 4: Identify the Structure that Provide Nourishment to a Bird Embryo Below
16:34
Mammals

22m 27s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Objectives
0:07
Common Characteristics
0:30
Common Characteristics
0:31
Hair and Skin
3:23
Hair and Skin
3:24
Glands
5:18
Milk-producing Glands
5:19
Oil-producing Glands
5:58
Sweat Glands
6:36
Scent Glands
7:06
Monotremes
7:51
Monotremes
7:52
Marsupials
9:00
Marsupials
9:01
Placentals
10:42
Gestation Period & Placentals
10:43
Umbilibal Cord
12:12
Carnivores
13:28
Carnivores
13:29
Herbivores
14:27
Herbivores
14:28
Omnivores
15:59
Omnivores
16:00
Example 1: Compare and Contrast Placental, Marsupial, and Monotreme Development
16:39
Example 2: Describe the Specialized Teeth and Diet of Carnivores, Omnivores, and Herbivores
19:10
Example 3: What Structures Help Placentals Develop Inside the Uterus?
20:26
Example 4: Label Each Mammal As a Monotreme, Marsupial, or a Placental.
21:35
Animal Behavior

19m 28s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Objectives
0:07
Behavior
0:28
Behavior
0:29
Stimulus
0:48
External Stimulus
0:54
Internal Stimulus
1:27
Response
1:44
Types of Behavior
2:36
Innate Behaviors
2:45
Learned Behaviors
3:19
Innate Behaviors
3:37
Innate Behaviors Overview
3:46
Insects and Innate Behaviors
4:27
Reflex-automatic Message
4:59
Instinctive Behaviors
5:39
Learned Behaviors
6:12
Learned Behaviors
6:13
Types of Learned Behaviors
7:20
Imprinting
7:37
Trial and Error
8:50
Conditioning
9:08
Insight
9:34
Types of Conditioning
10:27
Classical Conditioning
10:41
Experiment: Pavlov's Dog
10:53
Operant Conditioning
13:24
Example 1: Compare and Contrast the Two Types of Innate Behavior
13:58
Example 2: Give an Example for Each of the 4 Types of Learned Behavior
15:34
Example 3: Conditioning and New Stimulus
18:17
Example 4: Identify the Type of Learned Behavior Shown in the Picture
18:50
Bacteria

22m 41s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Objectives
0:07
Common Characteristics
0:26
Common Characteristics
0:27
Diagram of Bacteria
3:37
No Membrane-bound Nucleus
3:38
Cytoplasm & Ribosomes
3:53
Protection
4:12
Movement
4:24
Diagram of Bacteria
4:33
Aerobes and Anaerobes
6:05
Aerobes
6:13
Anaerobes
6:23
Example
6:30
Obtaining Food
6:42
Producers
6:51
Consumers
7:27
Eubacteria
8:18
Cyanobacteria
8:19
Gram's Stain Experiment: Gram-positive, and Gram-negative
8:57
Archaebacteria
9:57
Archaebacteria
9:58
Live in Extreme Conditions
10:21
Anaerobic
10:46
Examples
10:52
Asexual Reproduction
11:18
Binary Fission
11:19
Helpful Bacteria
12:56
Helpful Bacteria
12:57
Harmful Bacteria
15:23
Pathogens: Disease-causing Bacteria
15:24
Toxins
16:02
Vaccines
17:17
Vaccines
17:18
Example 1: What is the Difference between Producer Bacteria and Consumer Bacteria
18:14
Example 2: What is the Difference Between Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
19:00
Example3: What is the Difference Between an Antibiotic and a Vaccine?
20:04
Example 4: Name the Process Shown Below
21:30
Protists

12m 8s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Objectives
0:07
Common Characteristics
0:19
Common Characteristics
0:20
Three Main Types: Plant-like, Animal-like, and Fungus-like Protists
0:53
How do Protists Reproduce?
1:11
Asexual Reproduction
1:12
Sexual Reproduction
2:43
Animal-like Protists
3:01
Characteristics of Animal-like Protists
3:02
Protozoans
3:24
Examples of Animal-like Protists
4:03
Specialized Structures for Movement
4:19
Plant-like Protists
5:06
Characteristics of Plant-like Protists
5:07
Examples: Algae and Euglena
5:42
Fungus-like Protists
6:25
Characteristics of Fungus-like Protists
6:26
Examples: Slime Molds, Water Molds, and Downy Mildews
8:03
Example 1: Name Two Common Characteristics of All Protists
8:35
Example 2: Describe How Each of the 3 Types of Protists Get Their Food
9:21
Example 3: What Structures Help Protists to Move?
10:28
Example 4: Identify the Type of Protist Pictured Below and the Main Group It Belongs to
11:31
Fungi

11m 24s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Objectives
0:07
Common Characteristics
0:21
Multicellular
0:22
Heterotrophs
0:50
Saprophytes
1:08
Hyphae
2:34
Examples: Mushrooms, Molds, and Yeasts
3:01
More Characteristics
3:14
More Characteristics
3:15
Fungus Reproduction
4:27
Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Overview
4:28
Asexual Reproduction
4:53
Sexual Reproduction
5:40
Fungi Classification
6:43
Classifying Fungi
6:44
Club Fungi - mushroom
6:54
Sac Fungi - Ascus
7:14
Zygote Fungi - Sporangium
7:39
Example 1: Why are Fungi Called Natural Recyclers?
8:10
Example 2: Describe the Reproductive Structure for Each of the 3 Types of Fungi
8:40
Example 3: How Do Fungi Reproduce Sexually?
9:55
Example 4: Identify the Type of Fungus Pictured Below and the Main Group It Belongs to
10:46
Section 4: Cell Biology
History of the Cells

15m 54s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:10
Objectives
0:11
History of the Microscope
0:28
History of the Microscope
0:29
Anton van Leeuwnhoek
1:28
Robert Hooke
2:45
Simple vs. Compound
4:10
Simple Microscope
4:11
Compound Microscope
4:33
Electron Microscope
7:51
Electron Microscope
7:52
Cell Theory
9:35
1830's Matthias Schleiden
9:36
Theodor Schwann: Cell Theory Part 1
10:34
Rudolph Virchow: Cell Theory Part 2
11:03
Cell Theory Part 3
11:23
Timeline
11:33
Example 1: Describe a Simple Microscope
12:42
Example 2: Total Magnification for Compound Microscope
13:21
Example 3: What are the 3 Parts to the Cell Theory
14:04
Example 4: Identify the Eyepiece and the Objective Lenses in This Microscope
15:01
Cell Structure and Functions

26m 33s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Objectives
0:08
Common Cell Traits
0:25
Smallest Unit of Life
0:26
Cell Membrane
0:42
Cytoplasm
0:51
Prokaryotes
1:34
Eukaryotes
2:19
Cell Shape
2:54
Cell Shape
2:55
Nerve Cell
3:05
Human Egg Cell
4:07
Blood Cell
5:02
Cell Wall
5:41
Cell Wall: Structure and Function
5:42
Pectin and Lignin
7:04
Cell Membrane
8:05
Cell Membrane
8:06
Cytoplasm
9:59
Cytoplasm
10:00
Cytoskeleton
11:15
Energy in the Cell
12:38
Chloroplasts
12:39
Mitochondria
14:00
Diagram: Plant Cell & Animal Cell
15:41
Other Organelles
16:48
Golgi Bodies
16:49
Lysosomes
17:23
Vacuole
18:12
Ribosomes
18:55
Endoplasmic Reticulum
19:49
Cell Organization
20:58
Cell
20:59
Tissues
21:33
Organs
22:12
Organ System
22:26
Organism
22:38
Example 1: Name Two Organelles Found Only in Plants
23:08
Example 2: Show the Organization of a Many-Celled Organism
24:12
Example 3: How Does the Cell Wall Keep the Shape of a Cell?
24:58
Example 4: Identify the Mitochondria and the Chloroplast in the Picture Below
25:42
Cellular Transport

25m 31s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Objectives
0:07
Cell Membrane
0:27
Cell Membrane: Selective Permeable
0:28
All Cells Need…
2:25
Size Matters
2:45
Passive Transport
3:28
Passive Transport
3:29
Three Types: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Facilitated Diffusion
4:08
Diffusion
5:30
Diffusion
5:31
Example: Oxygen Molecules Moving Between Blood Cells and Lungs
6:58
Osmosis
7:57
Osmosis Overview
7:58
Osmosis in Animal Cells
8:34
Osmosis in Plant Cells
10:14
Facilitated Diffusion
13:11
Facilitated Diffusion
13:12
Active Transport
15:04
Active Transport
15:05
Protein Pumps
16:30
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
17:44
Endocytosis: Definition and Example
17:45
Exocytosis: Definition and Example
18:57
Example 1: Compare and Contrast Diffusion and Osmosis
20:27
Example 2: Compare and Contrast an Animal and a Plant Cell Size after Water Molecules have Entered the Cell
21:27
Example 3: Compare and Contrast Endocytosis and Exocytosis
22:40
Example 4: Identify the Process Occurring in the Picture Below
24:31
Cell Division & Mitosis

22m 45s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:09
Objectives
0:10
Cell Division
0:25
Cell Division Overview
0:26
Asexual Reproduction
1:37
Example: Amoeba
2:14
Multi-Cellular Organisms
3:17
Cell Cycle
4:34
Cell Cycle Overview
4:35
Interphase
6:43
Mitosis
6:50
Cytokinesis
7:03
Chromosomes
7:41
Chromosomes
7:42
Sister Chromatids
8:06
Centromere
9:07
Interphase
9:55
Interphase
9:56
Mitosis
11:22
Mitosis
11:23
Prophase - 1st Step in Mitosis
13:38
Prophase - 1st Step in Mitosis
13:39
Metaphase - 2nd Step in Mitosis
15:09
Metaphase - 2nd Step in Mitosis
15:10
Anaphase - 3rd Step in Mitosis
15:51
Anaphase - 3rd Step in Mitosis
15:52
Telophase - 4th Step in Mitosis
16:29
Telophase - 4th Step in Mitosis
16:30
Cytokinesis
17:32
Cytokinesis
17:33
Example 1: Label the Pictures
17:55
Example 2: Draw the Chromosomes for Each
19:41
Example 3: Identify Metaphase
21:43
Viruses

21m 43s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Objectives
0:07
What are Viruses?
0:19
What are Viruses?
0:20
Bacteriophage
1:11
Basic Structure: Protein Coat and Nucleic Acid Core
1:50
Examples of Viruses
2:24
How are Viruses Classified?
3:44
DNA Viruses & RNA Viruses
3:45
Dead or Alive?
6:15
Viruses are Not Living Organisms
6:16
Viruses are Living Organisms
7:29
How do Viruses Reproduce?
9:04
Infecting Living Cells: Lytic Cycle and Lysogenic Cycle
9:05
Lysogenic Cycle
15:19
Lysogenic Cycle
15:20
Lytic Cycle
16:27
Lytic Cycle
16:28
Example 1: Describe the Basic Structure of a Virus
17:27
Example 2: Why are Viruses not Considered Living Organisms?
18:02
Example 3: Compare and Contrast DNA and RNA Viruses
18:46
Example 4: identify the Two Viral Reproductive Cycles in the Picture Below
19:56
Section 5: Genetics
Genetics

46m 32s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:05
Objectives
0:06
Who is Gregor Mendel?
0:24
Gregor Mendel: 'Father of Genetics'
0:25
What is Genetics?
5:18
What is Genetics?
5:19
Heredity
5:33
Genes
5:40
Alleles
7:45
What is Meiosis?
9:25
Meiosis
9:26
What is Fertilization?
15:44
Fertilization
15:44
Mendel's Experiments
17:40
Mendel's Experiments
17:41
Dominant or Recessive?
22:56
Dominant Alleles
22:57
Recessive Alleles
23:49
How can Recessive Alleles be Shown?
26:00
Hybrids
26:15
Purebred
26:34
Diagram: Recessive Alleles
26:49
Punnett Squares
28:02
Punnett Squares
28:03
Genotype
32:03
Phenotype
32:44
True Breeding Green & True Breeding Yellow
33:40
Making a Punnett Square
35:11
Making a Punnett Square
35:12
Example 1: Why is Mendel Called the 'Father of Genetics'?
40:47
Example 2: What is the Difference Between Homozygous and Heterozygous?
41:46
Example 3: Describe the Parents and Possible Offspring of the Cross Shown by the Punnett Square
42:42
Example 4: Probability and Punnett Square
44:26
Section 6: Evolution
Evolution

23m 30s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Objectives
0:07
Why Do Some Survive and Other Die?
0:34
Species
0:35
Evolution
1:09
Charles Darwin
3:19
Charles Darwin
3:20
Evolution
6:36
Evolution Overview
6:37
Vestigial Structures
7:11
Homologous Structures
8:18
More Evidence for Evolution
9:30
Mimicry
9:31
Fossils
11:18
Camouflage
11:56
Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria
12:51
Natural Selection
14:28
Natural Selection: 'Survival of the Fittest'
14:29
Example of Natural Selection
16:58
Example 1: Homologous Structures and the Origin of Species
18:57
Example 2: What are Vestigial Structures
20:25
Example 3: What Adaptation Helps Organisms to Blend into Their Environment to Protect Them From Predators?
21:24
Example 4: How Does This Illustration Depict Evolution?
21:47
Section 7: Ecology
Ecology

13m 52s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Objectives
0:07
What is Ecology?
0:25
What is Ecology?
0:26
Ecological Organization
0:41
Individual
0:42
Population
1:19
Community
1:33
Ecosystem
1:45
Biome
1:59
Biosphere
2:11
Ecological Organization
2:18
Diagram: Levels of Ecological Organization
2:19
What Does an Ecosystem Look Like?
4:01
What Does an Ecosystem Look Like?
4:02
Prairie Ecosystem: Abiotic and Biotic Factors
4:49
What Part of Earth is the Biosphere?
6:03
What Part of Earth is the Biosphere?
6:04
What are the Major Biomes?
7:20
Desert
7:45
Forest
8:04
Taiga
8:46
Tundra
8:59
Grasslands
9:18
Mountains
9:26
Map of Major Biomes
9:40
Example 1: Name the Six Levels of Ecological Organization
10:12
Example 2: How is a Community Different From an Ecosystem?
11:22
Example 3: Give Examples of Biotic and Abiotic Factors
12:47
Example 4: Name the Type of Biome Shown in the Picture Below
13:29
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