Home » Music Theory » AP Music Theory » Modulation to Closely Related Keys

Sepand Shahab

Sepand Shahab

Modulation to Closely Related Keys

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Table of Contents

Section 1: AP Music
Note Reading

12m 37s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Objectives
0:10
Note Names on the Keyboard and Staff
0:30
Helpful Tip to Remember
0:37
Memory Aids
3:46
Ledger Lines
5:41
Example 1
7:21
Example 2
9:29
Example 3
10:23
Example 4
11:20
Scales

23m 25s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Objectives
0:07
Whole Steps & Half Steps
0:36
Whole Steps
1:31
Half Steps
1:37
The Major Scale
3:31
Minor Scales 1: Natural Minor
5:07
Natural Minor Starts Here
5:31
Write Notes on Staff
5:45
Minor Scales 2: Harmonic Minor
7:11
G Sharp
7:27
Write Notes On Staff
8:04
Minor Scales 3: Melodic Minor
8:12
Descending Form on Scale
9:29
Ascending Form on Scale
10:02
Write Notes on Staff
10:27
Melodic Minor Ascending: Whole & Half Step Pattern
11:10
Melodic Minor Descending: Whole & Half Step Pattern
11:51
Example 1
12:29
Example 2
15:41
Example 3
18:31
Example 4
20:56
Key Signatures

18m 41s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Objectives
0:07
Why Key Signatures?
0:45
Using Scale Patterns to Find Key Signatures
2:50
Major Scale Reminder
3:00
The Circle of Fifths
5:36
Example 1
11:41
Example 2
13:52
Example 3
15:34
Example 4
17:37
Intervals

33m 19s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Objectives
0:07
Definition
0:28
What Is An Interval?
0:32
Melodic Example
1:00
Harmonic Example
1:07
Interval Numbers
1:30
Compound Interval
2:49
Interval Spellings
3:26
Number & Note Name
3:45
Interval Qualities
5:24
Major Scale
6:35
Perfect
7:14
Minor
7:38
Interval Alterations
8:55
Augmented Interval
9:42
Diminished Interval
10:11
Chart to Remember Interval Sizes
10:22
Using Key Signatures to Find Intervals
10:49
Practice Example: Major
12:03
Practice Example 2: Major
12:30
Practice Example: Minor 3rd
12:59
Practice Example: Minor 6th
13:33
Practice Example: Minor 7th
13:53
Using Key Signatures to Find Intervals, Part 2
14:13
Example: Major 3rd Above D Sharp
14:28
Example: Minor 6th Above G Flat
15:42
Inverting Intervals
16:45
What Major, Minor & Perfect Becomes
18:20
Example 1
19:09
Example 2
22:42
Example 3
24:35
Example 4
30:33
Triads

26m 11s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Objectives
0:07
Triads in Major
0:30
Quality of Triads
2:09
Upper Case = Major Triads
2:17
Lower Case = Minor Triads
2:28
Example: E Major
2:55
Tonic Degree
4:09
Supertonic Degree
4:13
Mediant Degree
4:21
Subdominant
4:28
Dominant
4:35
Submediant
4:40
Subtonic
4:49
Triads in Minor
5:47
a Minor
5:55
d Minor
6:58
Major Triads
8:04
Construct Major Triad: E flat
9:22
Construct Major Triad: D Flat
10:55
Minor Triads
11:44
Construct Minor Triad: F Sharp
12:30
Diminished Triads
14:02
Find Diminished Triad in B Major
15:02
Find Diminished Triad in B Minor
16:00
Augmented Triads
16:49
Structure
17:12
Turn E Major Chord Into Augmented Triads
17:39
Turn A Minor Chord Into Augmented Triads
18:52
Example 1
20:08
Example 2
21:11
Example 3
22:52
Example 4
24:19
Seventh Chords

19m 42s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Objectives
0:07
Seventh Chords in Major
0:26
Seventh Chords in Minor
2:56
Minor, Major, Dominant, Diminished
4:44
Major Seventh Chords
5:33
Practice
6:07
Minor Seventh Chords
7:10
Practice
7:35
Dominant Seventh Chords
8:38
Practice
9:10
Diminished Seventh Chords
10:14
Half-Diminished Seventh Chord
10:55
Practice
11:17
Half-Diminished Seventh Chords
12:22
Example 1
13:50
Example 2
14:58
Example 3
15:57
Example 4
17:14
Inversions of Triads

17m 27s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Objectives
0:07
First Inversion Triads
0:25
Root Position
0:54
Invert Chord
1:05
First Inversion Chord
1:24
Example With Minor Chord
2:00
Second Inversion Triads
2:38
Example With Diminished Chord
3:30
Figured Bass Symbols
4:27
Example With C Major
6:23
Example With 2nd Minor
7:18
Example With 2nd Inversion
8:51
Example 1
10:01
Example 2
11:06
Example 3
12:26
Example 4
14:22
Inversions of Seventh Chords

19m 11s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Objectives
0:07
First Inversion Seventh Chords
0:30
Start w/ Root Position Chord
0:39
Review Third Chord In Base
1:48
Second Inversion Seventh Chords
2:01
Example: Minor Seventh Chord
2:59
Third Inversion Seventh Chords
3:43
Example: E Major Seventh Chord
5:14
Figured Bass Symbols
6:32
Example: Third Inversion Seventh Chord
8:55
Another Example
9:43
Example 1 (Practice Problem)
10:44
Example 2
13:03
Example 3
15:48
Example 4
17:15
Part Writing Root Position Triads

24m 41s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Objectives
0:08
Roots a 4th Apart
0:37
Rule 1 to Keep In Mind
1:24
Rule 2 to Keep In Mind
1:54
Practice Example
4:16
Practice Example
5:40
Roots a 3rd Apart
8:47
Practice Example
11:07
Roots a 2nd Apart
11:57
Practice Example
14:20
Practice Example
15:34
Example 1
16:20
Example 2
18:00
Example 3
20:03
Example 4
22:10
Voice Leading

18m 24s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Objectives
0:09
Voice Ranges
0:38
Soprano Voice
1:04
Alto Voice
1:11
Tenor Voice
1:20
Bass Voice
1:29
Parallel Motion
2:07
Similar Motion
3:55
Definition
4:16
Example:Contrary Motion
4:46
Oblique Motion
6:03
Definition
6:09
Open and Closed Spacing
6:51
Closed Spacing Definition
7:40
Open Spacing Definition
8:56
Common Voice Leading Errors
10:15
Parallel Octaves
10:34
Parallel Fifths
11:22
Spacing
12:18
Completed Chords
13:48
Taking Over Other Voices
14:31
Voice Crossing
15:25
Example 1
15:41
Example 2
16:09
Example 3
16:51
Example 4
17:38
Cadences

15m 4s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Objectives
0:06
Perfect Authentic
0:30
Example: Perfect Authentic Cadence Minor
1:39
Imperfect Authentic
3:05
Definition
4:00
Half Cadence
4:42
Definition
4:53
Example: Half Cadence in Minor
5:30
Plagal Cadence
6:49
Example: Plagal Cadence in Minor
7:49
Deceptive Cadence
8:25
Definition
8:30
Example: Deceptive Cadence in Minor
9:52
Example 1
11:01
Example 2
12:02
Example 3
12:59
Example 4
13:45
Part Writing First Inversion Triads

25m 10s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Objectives
0:09
Substituting First Inversion Chords
0:35
Main Use of First Inversion Chord
1:24
Parallel First Inversion Chords
6:01
First Inversion Chords in Sequence
9:48
Example 1
13:11
Example 2
16:46
Example 3
20:35
Example 4
22:30
Part Writing Second Inversion Triads

17m 14s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Objectives
0:08
Passing Second Inversion Chords
0:28
Start At Base Line
0:58
Neighboring Second Inversion Chords
3:03
Why It's Called Neighboring
3:48
The Cadential Second Inversion Chord
4:28
Tips to Remember
6:47
Arpeggiating Bass Second Inversion Chords
7:12
Example 1
8:33
Example 2
10:52
Example 3
13:11
Example 4
15:01
Non-Harmonic Tones

24m 16s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Objectives
0:07
Passing Tones
0:28
Practice Example
3:19
Neighboring Tones
4:48
Suspensions
6:27
3 Parts
6:54
Appoggiaturas
12:15
Defined As Approggiaturas Because…
13:50
Pedal Point
14:15
Definition
15:54
Example 1
16:15
Example 2
18:18
Example 3
20:22
Example 4
21:22
Part Writing Seventh Chords

25m 28s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Objectives
0:08
Preparing and Resolving the 7th
0:42
Example With Minor Key
3:30
V7 and Its Inversions
6:03
Difference Between V7 & Other Seventh Chords
6:10
Seventh Chords in Sequence
9:55
Example 1
15:16
Example 2
18:21
Example 3
20:13
Example 4
22:02
Secondary Dominants & Leading Tone Chords

27m 9s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Objectives
0:10
Dominants and Secondary Dominants
0:34
Definition
1:16
Practice Example
3:19
Leading Tone and Secondary Leading Tone Chords
6:09
Example: Minor Key Note
6:25
Practice Example
8:31
A Progression with Secondary Dominants
9:41
Start With Basic Progression
10:07
Where Can You Introduce Secondary Dominants
11:01
Embellish With Another Secondary Dominant
12:40
A Progression with Secondary Leading Tone Chords
16:02
Embellish with Secondary Leading Tone Chords
17:13
Example 1
21:43
Example 2
22:50
Example 3
24:10
Example 4
26:07
Modulation to Closely Related Keys

28m 3s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Objectives
0:08
Closely Related Keys
0:27
Relative Minor
1:26
Key Signatures
2:05
How to Tell Closely Related Keys
2:50
Example: F Major
3:40
Chords Common to More than One Key
5:32
Example: F Major
6:42
Which Chord 2 Keys Have in Common
7:29
Modulating with a Common Chord 1
9:03
Modulating with a Common Chord 2
12:37
Example 1
17:16
Example 2
18:54
Example 3
20:57
Example 4
23:19
Phrases & Periods

38m 39s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Overview
0:09
A Musical Phrase
0:23
Build Phrases
2:07
Focus on Base & Melody
3:19
Important Idea/ Summary of Phrases
5:37
The Form of a Period
6:08
Components of a Period
6:23
Practice: Write Out All the Harmonies
10:03
Writing a Period
13:04
Example 1
20:40
Example 2
22:34
Example 3
27:39
Example 4
33:11
Binary & Ternary Forms

39m 15s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Objectives
0:08
Binary Form Diagram
0:29
2 Parts for Binary Form
0:43
Writing a Binary Form
3:23
Ternary Form Diagram
16:47
3 Parts
17:02
Writing a Ternary Form
19:19
Example 1
24:41
Example 2
28:28
Example 3
32:09
Example 4
35:35
Modes

14m 25s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Objectives
0:06
Ionian Mode
0:36
Ionian Mode Placement
0:56
Dorian Mode
1:26
Dorian Mode Drawn On Scale
1:38
Where Dorian Differs From Ionian
3:12
Phrygian Mode
2:39
How Phyrgian Differs
3:30
Lydian Mode
3:42
Lydian Mode Compared to Major Scale
4:18
Mixolydian Mode
4:40
Mixolydian Mode Compared to Major Scale
5:15
Aeolian Mode
5:29
Locrian Mode
5:54
Locrian Mode Compared to Minor Key
7:14
Example 1
7:28
Example 2
8:39
Example 3
9:40
Example 4
12:05
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Modulation to Closely Related Keys

Lecture Slides are screen-captured images of important points in the lecture. Students can download and print out these lecture slide images to do practice problems as well as take notes while watching the lecture.

  • Intro 0:00
  • Lesson Objectives 0:08
  • Closely Related Keys 0:27
    • Relative Minor
    • Key Signatures
    • How to Tell Closely Related Keys
    • Example: F Major
  • Chords Common to More than One Key 5:32
    • Example: F Major
    • Which Chord 2 Keys Have in Common
  • Modulating with a Common Chord 1 9:03
  • Modulating with a Common Chord 2 12:37
  • Example 1 17:16
  • Example 2 18:54
  • Example 3 20:57
  • Example 4 23:19

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