Optional Parameters, Introduction to PHP

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Optional Parameters

User-defined functions can be defined to allow for optional parameters . In order to define a parameter as optional, it must be assigned a default value in its function's definition.
Default values must be constant values and can be of the following data types:
- Scalar (int, float, string, bool)
- Array
- NULL
If a function has multiple optional parameters, not all optional parameters need to be supplied with argument values when calling the function.
For any optional parameter you wish to provide a value, you must also provide values for all ‘prior’ optional parameters defined in the function’s parameter list. Any ‘later’ optional parameters do not have to be provided values.
Additional Resources:
- PHP Manual - Optional Parameter Default Values

Optional Parameters

Lecture Slides are screen-captured images of important points in the lecture. Students can download and print out these lecture slide images to do practice problems as well as take notes while watching the lecture.

Intro

Lesson Overview

Lesson Overview

Optional Parameters

More on Optional Parameters

Homework Challenge

Homework Challenge

I. Introduction to PHP
	Course Introduction	12:13
	How PHP & The Web Work	15:32
	Setting Up Your Development Environment	33:11
	Your First PHP Script	12:41
	Basic PHP Syntax	40:24
	Variables & Numeric Data Types	16:38
	String Data Type	18:06
	Include Files & Web Application Introduction	38:43
	Arrays	34:00
	Web Application Development	27:38
	Script Input & The GET Method	30:18
	Accessing Form Data in PHP	32:01
	Web Application Development	20:20
	Expression & Operators	31:56
	Web Application Development	20:51
	Boolean & Null Data Types	20:11
	Type Casting	22:41
	Introduction to Functions	52:20
	Constants	19:24
	Web Application Development	26:29
	Conditional Control Structures	18:58
	Error Handling	19:08
	Logical & Ternary Operators	23:22
	Web Application Development	19:27
	More Conditional Control Structure	20:49
	Nested Conditional Control Structures	24:49
	Web Application Development	28:20
	Sending Email Using PHP	43:50
	User-Defined Functions	56:00
	Variable Scope	31:37
	Web Application Development	28:27
	Optional Parameters	19:35
	Web Application Development	23:07
	Introduction to Conditional Loops	57:20
	More on Conditional Loops	35:50
	Web Application Development	22:07
	For & Foreach Loops	29:28
	Web Application Development	25:58
	Conditional Loop Wrap-Up	23:12
	Variable-Length Parameter Lists	22:16
	Web Application Development	38:36
	Miscellaneous Topics	31:49

Computer Science: Introduction to PHP


Course Introduction			12:13
	Intro		0:00
	What Is PHP?		0:12
		PHP Hypertext Preprocessor	0:13
	Why Learn PHP?		1:09
		Why Learn PHP?	1:10
	Web Application: Educator Store		2:25
		Web Application: Educator Store	2:26
		Example of Web Application	3:18
	PHP in the Educator Store		7:12
		Dynamic Content Generation	7:22
		Ease of Website Maintenance	7:55
		Form Input Processing and Access to Advanced Functionality	9:00
	What You Will Learn		9:36
		What You Will Learn	9:37
	Who Is This Course For?		10:56
		Who Is This Course For?	10:57
How PHP & The Web Work			15:32
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:10
		Lesson Overview	0:11
	Client-Server Model		0:53
		Client-Server Model	0:54
	HTTP Protocol		2:15
		Definition of Protocol	2:16
		Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)	2:37
	Uniform Resource Locators		3:46
		Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)	3:47
		Form of URLs	4:13
		Accessing Webpages with URLs	5:13
	Serving Webpages		6:14
		Serving Webpages, Client Machine, and Server Machine	6:15
	Static vs. Dynamic Webpages		8:30
		Static Webpage	8:31
		Dynamic Webpage	8:55
	Server-Side Scripting		9:54
		Server-Side Scripting	9:55
	Static and Dynamic Webpage Coding Example		11:17
		Static and Dynamic Webpage Coding Example	11:18
	Serving Dynamic Webpages		13:07
		Serving Dynamic Webpages	13:08
Setting Up Your Development Environment			33:11
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:08
		Lesson Overview	0:09
	Development Environments		1:04
		Development Environments	1:05
		Our Default Development Environment: Window 7	1:54
	Remote Development		4:04
		Development Machine & Remote Server	4:05
	Local Development		6:54
		Development Machine	6:55
	Software Used In This Course		9:41
		Firefox Web Browser & Firebug Add-On	9:42
		XAMPP	12:15
		PSPAD Text Editor	13:16
	XAMPP Installation		13:49
		XAMPP Installation	13:50
	Verify XAMPP Install		16:26
		Verify XAMPP Install	16:27
	localhost		19:08
		localhost and 127.0.0.1 'loopback' IP Address	19:09
	Document Root		21:16
		Document Root and Directory Name	21:17
		Document Root for Apache in XAMPP: htdocs & Example	22:13
	Text Editor Spectrum		26:12
		Text Editor Spectrum: Barebones to IDE	26:13
		PSPad & Example	27:02
	Finding Help		30:26
		Web Resources	30:27
	Homework Challenge		31:36
		Homework Challenge	31:37
	Homework Challenge (cont.)		32:38
		Homework Challenge (cont.)	32:39
Your First PHP Script			12:41
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:19
		Lesson Overview	0:20
	.php To HTML		1:00
		.php To HTML	1:01
	PHP Delimiters		2:20
		PHP Delimiters: Opening & Closing PHP Tags	2:21
	'Hello, World!' Example		4:34
		Echo Statement & PHP Tags	4:35
		Adding Second Heading	7:34
	Homework Challenge		9:56
		Homework Challenge	9:57
Basic PHP Syntax			40:24
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:09
		Lesson Overview	0:10
	PHP Delimiters		0:38
		Long and Script Form	0:39
		Short and ASP Style	1:33
		Example	2:01
	php.ini: PHP's Configuration		3:40
		php.ini	3:41
		Configuration Directives	3:48
		Short and ASP Style: Enabled/Disabled	4:13
		phpinfo()	7:58
	Statements		14:28
		PHP Statements	14:29
		Example: PHP Statements	14:55
	Comments		16:53
		PHP Comments	16:55
		Single-line Comments	17:37
		Multi-line Comments	18:13
		Example: PHP Comments	18:47
	Coding Conventions		24:26
		Coding Conventions	24:27
		Example: PHP Coding Conventions	26:19
	Homework Challenge #1		33:51
		Homework Challenge #1	33:52
	Homework Challenge #1 (cont.)		35:41
		Homework Challenge #1 (cont.)	35:42
	Homework Challenge #2		36:09
		Homework Challenge #2	36:10
	Homework Challenge #2 (cont.)		38:07
		Homework Challenge #2 (cont.)	38:08
Variables & Numeric Data Types			16:38
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:10
		Lesson Overview	0:12
	Working With Data		0:48
		8 Types of Data for PHP	0:49
	Identifiers		1:40
		Identifiers: Definition and Example	1:41
	Variables		2:47
		Variables Definition	2:48
		Variables Syntax	3:06
	Integer Data Type		4:44
		Integer Data Type	4:45
		Integer Literals	5:08
		Examples	5:30
	Float Data Type		6:26
		Float Data Type	6:27
		Float Literals	7:00
		Example	7:21
	Example: PHP Code Declaring Variables		8:06
		Example: PHP Code Declaring Variables	8:07
	var_dump() Function		9:59
		var_dump()	10:00
		Example: Code and Output	10:30
		Example: var_dump() Function	11:19
	Coding Conventions: Variables		12:32
		Lower Camel Case Notation	12:33
		Variable Name Lengths	13:54
	Homework Challenge		14:54
		Homework Challenge	14:55
String Data Type			18:06
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:12
		Lesson Overview	0:13
	String Data Type		0:29
		String Data Type	0:30
		Specifying String Literals	1:03
	Single-Quoted Strings		1:53
		Single-Quoted Strings	1:54
	Escape Sequences		2:31
		Escape Sequences	2:32
		Example	2:46
		Escape Sequences for Commonly Used Special Characters	4:32
	Double-Quoted Strings		6:04
		Double-Quoted Strings	6:05
		Variable Interpolation	6:44
	Coding Conventions: Strings		7:54
		Coding Conventions: Strings	7:55
	Homework Challenge		8:54
		Homework Challenge	8:55
Include Files & Web Application Introduction			38:43
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:16
		Lesson Overview	0:17
	include Statement		0:47
		include Statement: Definition	0:48
		Include Statement: Syntax	2:05
		include Statement: Example	2:25
	include Path		6:32
		Absolute and Relative Path	6:34
		Specified Path	7:15
		Not Specified Path	7:55
	Code Reuse		9:35
		Code Reuse	9:36
		Example	11:11
	require Statement		12:56
		require Statement: Definition	12:57
		require Statement: Syntax	13:32
		Include versus Require	13:52
	Coding Conventions		16:33
		Coding Conventions	16:34
	Introduction to Our Web Application		20:32
		Introduction to Our Web Application	20:33
		Updating Web Application	21:14
		Web Application Example	22:59
	Homework Challenge		35:33
		Homework Challenge	35:34
	Homework Challenge (cont.)		37:38
		Homework Challenge (cont.)	37:39
Arrays			34:00
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:09
		Lesson Overview	0:10
	What is an Array?		0:42
		What is an Array?	0:43
		Arrays in PHP	1:44
		Keys and Values	2:15
	Types of Arrays		3:37
		Indexed Arrays & Associative Arrays	3:38
	array() Construct		6:47
		Declaring Arrays	6:48
		Defining Indexed Array	7:00
		Defining Associative Arrays	7:43
	Square Bracket Syntax		8:50
		Square Bracket Syntax	8:51
		Accessing Indexed Arrays	9:02
		Accessing Associative Arrays	9:56
	Arrays Example		10:41
		Indexed Arrays Example	10:45
		Associative Arrays Example	13:55
	Multi-Dimensional Arrays		18:28
		Multi-Dimensional Arrays	18:29
		Multi-Dimensional Arrays Example	18:51
		Multi-Dimensional Arrays in PHP File	20:34
	Coding Conventions: Arrays		27:59
		Coding Conventions: Arrays	28:00
	Homework Challenge #1		29:20
		Homework Challenge #1	29:21
	Homework Challenge #2		30:38
		Homework Challenge #2	30:39
Web Application Development			27:38
	Intro		0:00
	Versions		0:14
		Version 3.0	1:23
		Version 3.1	8:08
		Version 3.2	11:42
		Version 3.3	20:27
	Homework Challenge		26:31
		Homework Challenge	26:32
Script Input & The GET Method			30:18
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:15
		Lesson Overview	0:16
	Providing Input to PHP		0:39
		GET Method, POST Method, and Cookies	0:40
		Name/Value Pairs	1:22
	GET Method		1:57
		HTTP GET Method	1:58
		Query String	2:52
	GET Method Example		3:38
		GET Method Example	3:39
	Review of HTML Forms		8:16
		HTML Forms	8:17
		Input Control and Submitted Form	9:13
	<form> Tag		10:07
		<form> Tag	10:08
		Method	10:34
		Action	11:13
	Input Control Examples		11:50
		Input Control Examples	11:51
	Common Input Controls		17:31
		Common Input Controls	17:32
	Query Strings		18:52
		Query Strings	18:53
		Query Strings Syntax	19:12
	URL Encoding		20:01
		URL Syntax	20:02
		Examples	21:17
		Simple Form Example	22:28
	urlencode() Function		24:08
		urlencode() Function	24:09
		Example	25:03
	urlEncoding Text Example		25:54
		Simple Form Example	25:55
	Homework Challenge		28:46
		Homework Challenge	28:47
Accessing Form Data in PHP			32:01
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:17
		Lesson Overview	0:18
	$_GET Array		0:48
		$_GET Array	0:49
		Accessing the Value of a Name/Value Pair Submitted Via GET	1:04
	Name Form Example		2:54
		Name Form and the $_GET Array	2:55
	Using Arrays with Input Controls		6:34
		Using Arrays with Input Controls	6:35
		Common Example	6:47
	Indexed Array Form Example		8:16
		Indexed Array Form Example	8:17
	Associative Arrays with Input Controls		10:14
		Associative Arrays with Input Controls	10:15
	Associative Arrays Example		11:41
		Associative Arrays Example	11:42
	Echo Form Example		15:18
		Echo Form Example	15:19
	Outputting Arrays In String		23:42
		Variable Interpolation	23:43
		Outputting a Value in an Indexed Array Within a String	24:12
		Simple' Syntax, 'Complex' Syntax, and 'Curly Brace' Syntax	25:00
	Outputting Arrays In String Example		26:25
		Outputting Arrays In String Example	26:26
	Homework Challenge		29:39
		Homework Challenge	29:40
Web Application Development			20:20
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:19
		Lesson Overview	0:20
	Version 3.3		0:38
		Version 3.3	0:42
	Version 4.0 Changelog		2:43
		GET Query	2:45
		Adding, Editing, and Removing	3:24
	Version 4.0 Coding Example		3:55
		item.php, itemID, and itemListing	4:00
	Version 4.1 Changelog		10:36
		Version 4.1 Changelog	10:37
	Version 4.1 Coding Example		11:45
		Adding Checkout and Thank You & Editing Footer and Store	11:46
	Homework Challenge		18:45
		Homework Challenge	18:46
Expression & Operators			31:56
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:10
		Lesson Overview	0:11
	Expressions		0:41
		Expressions Definition	0:42
		Example: Literals	0:55
		Example: Variables	1:05
	Operators		1:44
		Operators Definition	1:45
		Unary, Binary, and Ternary Operators	2:07
	Assignment Operators		2:52
		Assignment Operators	2:53
		Array Assignment Operator	3:47
	Arithmetic Operators		6:15
		Operators for Common Arithmetic Operations	6:16
		Modulus Operator	7:41
		Arithmetic Operators Example	8:25
	Increment/Decrement Operators		10:48
		Increment/Decrement Operators	10:49
		Pre- and Post- Increment/Decrement	12:43
		Coding Example	15:14
	Combined Assignment Operators		16:44
		Combined Assignment Operators	16:45
		Combined Assignment Operators Examples	18:23
		Coding Example	19:39
	String Operators		20:28
		Concatenation Operator, String Variables, and String Literals	20:29
		String Operators Example	22:41
	Precedence & Associativity		23:40
		Precedence & Associativity	23:41
		Expression Containing Multiple Operations	23:58
		Expression Containing Two Operations of Equal Precedence	25:55
		Using Parentheses to Force Precedence	26:52
		Precedence & Associativity Review	28:57
	Homework Challenge		31:08
		Homework Challenge	31:09
Web Application Development			20:51
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:15
		Lesson Overview	0:16
	Version 4.1 Review		0:33
		Version 4.1 Review	0:34
	Version 5.0 Changelog		1:05
		Version 5.0 Changelog	1:06
	Version 5.0 Example		2:19
		Adding View Cart & Editing Checkout, Footer and Store	2:20
	Version 5.1 Changelog		15:36
		Version 5.1 Changelog	15:37
	Version 5.1 Coding Example		17:33
		Forwarding Order Total to Thank You Page	17:34
	Homework Challenge		20:09
		Homework Challenge	20:10
Boolean & Null Data Types			20:11
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:12
		Lesson Overview	0:13
	Boolean Data Type		0:38
		Boolean Data Type	0:39
		Two Boolean Literals	1:24
	Boolean Example		1:50
		Boolean Example	1:51
	Comparison Operators		4:00
		Comparison Operators Definition	4:01
		Common Comparison Operators	4:40
		Comparison Operators Example	6:49
	Comparison Operators (Cont.)		10:10
		Identical and Not Identical	10:11
		Example: Identical and Not Identical	11:24
	Null Data Type		13:36
		Null Data Type Definition	13:37
		Null Literal	14:08
		Variable and Null Data Type	14:30
		'==' Operator	15:24
		Null Data Type Example	15:59
	Coding Convention		18:41
		Coding Convention	18:42
	Homework Challenge		19:17
		Homework Challenge	19:18
Type Casting			22:41
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:12
		Lesson Overview	0:13
	Type Juggling		0:54
		Type Juggling	0:55
		Automatic Conversion	2:23
	Type Casting		3:53
		Type Casting	3:54
		Implicit and Explicit Type Casting	4:00
		Explicitly 'cast' a Variable Example	4:16
	Type Casting (cont.)		6:48
		PHP Allows the Following Explicit Type Casts	6:49
		The settype () Function	8:18
	Type Casting Coding Example		9:00
		Explicit Type Casts	9:01
	String Conversions		14:52
		String Conversions	15:05
		Common Conversions to String	15:55
	Numeric Conversions		18:18
		Numeric Conversions	18:19
	Boolean Conversions		20:29
		Boolean Conversions	20:30
	Homework Challenge		21:38
		Homework Challenge	21:39
Introduction to Functions			52:20
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:10
		Lesson Overview	0:11
	What are Functions?		0:51
		Definition of Faction	0:52
		PHP and Function Call	1:53
	Function Calls		2:42
		Function Calls	2:43
		Function Arguments	3:17
	Return Values		4:56
		Return Values	4:57
	Function Chaining		6:29
		Function Chaining	6:30
	PHP.net Function Reference		8:23
		PHP.net & Function Prototypes	8:24
		PHP.net Function Reference Example	9:29
	Optional Function Arguments		12:28
		Optional Function Arguments	12:29
	String Functions		14:57
		strtoupper() and strtolower()	14:58
		implode (), str_replace(), explode(), strpos(), substr(), and strlen()	18:31
	Array Functions		25:48
		count()	25:49
		in_array() and array_key_exists()	26:06
		sort() and ksort()	26:37
		Example: count() and in_array()	27:50
		Example: array_key_exists()	29:53
		Example: sort() and ksort()	31:20
	Date & Time Functions		33:38
		date() and time()	33:39
		getdate()	34:49
		mktime()	35:01
		Date & Time Functions	35:12
		Example: date() and time()	35:58
		Example: getdate()	42:15
		Example: mktime()	43:15
	Homework Challenge #1		44:31
		Homework Challenge #1	44:32
	Homework Challenge #1 (Cont.)		45:28
		Homework Challenge #1 (Cont.)	45:29
	Homework Challenge #2		46:34
		Homework Challenge #2	46:34
	Homework Challenge #2 (Cont.)		48:06
		Homework Challenge #2 (Cont.)	48:07
	Homework Challenge #2 (Cont.)		49:17
		Homework Challenge #2 (Cont.)	49:18
	Homework Challenge #3		50:08
		Homework Challenge #3	50:09
Constants			19:24
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:09
		Lesson Overview	0:10
	Constants vs. Variables		0:55
		Constants vs. Variables	0:56
	Constant Identifiers		2:28
		Constant Identifiers Definition and Examples	2:29
	Declaring Constants		3:47
		Two Ways of Declaring Constants	3:48
		Syntaxes	4:10
		Major Difference in the Two Forms	4:48
	Using Constants Example		6:25
		Using Constants Example	6:26
	Coding Conventions		11:08
		Constant Names	11:09
		define () Function	11:42
		Meaningful Names	12:00
	$_SERVER Superglobal		12:23
		$_SERVER	12:24
		$_SERVER ['DOCUMENT_ROOT']	13:15
		$_SERVER Superglobal Example	13:52
	Homework Challenge		17:40
		Homework Challenge	17:41
Web Application Development			26:29
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:13
		Lesson Overview	0:14
	Version 6.0		1:13
		Version 6.0 & Version 5.1 Review	1:14
	Version 6.0 Changelog		11:24
		Version 6.0 Changelog	11:25
	Version 6.1 Changelog		12:00
		Version 6.1 Changelog	12:01
	Version 6.1 Coding Example		12:42
		Version 6.1 Coding Example	12:43
	Version 6.2 Changelog		15:18
		Version 6.2 Changelog	15:19
	Version 6.2 Coding Example		18:19
		Version 6.2 Coding Example	18:20
	Homework Challenge		25:24
		Homework Challenge	25:25
Conditional Control Structures			18:58
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:26
		Lesson Overview	0:27
	Statement Groups		0:57
		Statement Groups	0:58
		Example	1:10
	Conditional Control Structures		1:38
		Conditional Control Structures	1:39
		PHP Control Structures	1:56
	if Statement		2:32
		if Statement	2:33
	if Statement (cont.)		3:49
		if Statement Coding Example	3:50
	else Statement		7:26
		else Statement	7:27
		if/else Statement Coding Example	8:50
	isset() Construct		9:59
		isset() Construct	10:00
		isset() Construct Coding Example	12:00
	Coding Conventions		15:13
		Coding Conventions	15:14
	Coding Conventions (Cont.)		16:39
		Coding Conventions (Cont.)	16:40
	Homework Challenge		17:25
		Homework Challenge	17:26
Error Handling			19:08
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:09
		Lesson Overview	0:10
	Error Handling in PHP		0:41
		Error Handling in PHP	0:42
		Coding Example	1:45
	error_reporting() Function		7:02
		error_reporting() Function	7:03
		Coding Example	8:04
	Additional Error Directives		9:02
		display_errors	9:13
		log_errors	9:37
		error_log	9:50
		track_errors	10:12
		Coding Examples	10:29
	Error Control Operator		13:38
		Error Control Operator & Coding Example	13:39
	Homework Challenge		16:19
		Homework Challenge	16:20
	Homework Challenge (cont.)		17:58
		Homework Challenge (cont.)	17:59
Logical & Ternary Operators			23:22
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:17
		Lesson Overview	0:18
	Logical Operators		0:49
		Logical Operators Definition	0:50
		NOT (!)	1:08
		OR ( \|\|, or)	1:35
		AND (&&, and)	2:08
		XOR (xor)	2:30
	Logical Operators (cont.)		2:54
		The OR and AND Logical Operators	2:55
		Precedence of Logical Operators	3:35
	Logical Operators Coding Example		3:58
		Logical Operators Coding Example	3:59
	Short-Circuit Operators		9:54
		Short-Circuit Operators	9:55
		Coding Example	10:49
	Ternary Operator		14:07
		Ternary Operator	14:08
		Syntax and Example	14:24
	Coding Conventions		17:36
		Coding Conventions	17:37
	Homework Challenge		19:08
		Homework Challenge	19:09
	Homework Challenge (cont.)		20:26
		Homework Challenge (cont.)	20:27
Web Application Development			19:27
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:12
		Lesson Overview	0:13
	Version 6.2 Review		0:26
		Version 6.2 Review	0:27
	Version 7.0 Changelog		2:39
		Version 7.0 Changelog	2:40
	Version 7.0 Coding Example		4:35
		Version 7.0 Coding Example	4:36
	Version 7.1 Changelog		12:43
		Version 7.1 Changelog	12:44
	Version 7.1 Coding Example		13:52
		Version 7.1 Coding Example	13:53
	Homework Challenge		17:42
		Homework Challenge	17:43
More Conditional Control Structure			20:49
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:13
		Lesson Overview	0:14
	elseif Statement		0:45
		elseif Statement	0:46
		elseif Statement Coding Example	1:22
	Multiple elseif Statements		2:16
		Multiple elseif Statements	2:17
		Multiple elseif Statements Coding Example	3:07
	Adding an else Statement		5:44
		Adding an else Statement Overview	5:45
		Adding an else Statement Coding Example	6:50
	switch() Statement		8:07
		switch() Statement	8:08
	switch() Statement (Cont.)		9:14
		switch() Statement (Cont.)	9:15
		switch() Statement Coding Example	11:09
	default Case		14:20
		default Case	14:21
		default Case Coding Example	15:13
	Coding Conventions		15:57
		Coding Conventions	15:58
	Coding Conventions (cont.)		17:10
		Coding Conventions (cont.)	17:11
	Homework Challenge		18:06
		Homework Challenge	18:07
	Homework Challenge (cont.)		19:18
		Homework Challenge (cont.)	19:19
Nested Conditional Control Structures			24:49
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:10
		Lesson Overview	0:11
	Nested Control Structures		0:36
		Nested Control Structures	0:37
		Nested Control Structures Coding Example	2:08
	Coding Conventions		6:34
		Nested vs. Not Nested Control Structures	6:35
	Debugging Control Structures		7:51
		Debugging Control Structures	7:52
		Incorrectly Specified Test Conditions and Forgetting a Break Statement	8:32
		Incorrectly Placing an Opening or Closing Curly Brace	12:14
	Debugging Tips		16:24
		Tracing the Execution of Your Code	16:25
		Adding Echo Statement	17:15
	Homework Challenge		21:41
		Homework Challenge	21:42
	Homework Challenge (cont.)		23:08
		Homework Challenge (cont.)	23:09
Web Application Development			28:20
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:13
		Lesson Overview	0:14
	Version 7.1 Review		0:46
		Version 7.1 Review	0:47
	empty () Construct		1:38
		empty () Construct	1:39
		empty () Construct Coding Example	2:37
	Version 8.0		5:32
		Version 8.0 Overview	5:33
	Version 8.0 Coding Example		7:08
		Version 8.0 Coding Example	7:09
	Version 8.1		16:13
		Version 8.1 Overview	16:14
	Version 8.1 Coding Example		19:48
		Version 8.1 Coding Example	19:49
	Homework Challenge		26:19
		Homework Challenge	26:20
Sending Email Using PHP			43:50
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:14
		Lesson Overview	0:15
	Built-in Mail Extension		1:28
		Built-in Mail Extension	1:29
	SMTP Overview		2:04
		SMTP Overview	2:05
	SMTP - Windows		3:08
		SMTP - Windows	3:09
	SMTP - Linux/UNIX		4:58
		SMTP - Linux/UNIX	4:59
	Mail Configuration Directives		6:35
		Mail Configuration Directives	6:36
		Coding Example	7:48
	Mail Server Authentication		10:20
		Mail Server Authentication	10:21
	fake sendmail Program		12:27
		fake sendmail for Windows	12:28
		Main 'add-on' feature	13:03
		Username & Password	13:25
	SMTP - XAMPP for Windows		14:07
		SMTP - XAMPP for Windows	14:08
	Sendmail Example		16:19
		Sendmail Example	16:20
	mail() Function		18:39
		mail() Function	18:40
		additional_headers	19:45
		'From' Header	20:12
	mail() Function Coding Example		21:09
		mail() Function Coding Example	21:40
	Web Application Development		31:43
		Version 9.0 Changelog	31:44
	ContactUs.php		32:52
		ContactUs.php	32:53
		contactInfo	33:45
	Version 9.0 Coding Example		34:31
		Version 9.0 Coding Example	34:32
	Homework Challenge		41:32
		Homework Challenge	41:33
User-Defined Functions			56:00
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:16
		Lesson Overview	0:17
	Defining Functions		1:29
		Four Parts of Defining a Function	1:30
		Functions Example 1	2:29
	Function Parameters		5:29
		Function Parameters	5:30
		Functions Example 2	8:20
	Return Statements		12:53
		Return Statements	12:54
		Functions Example 3	14:20
	Where to Define Functions		20:34
		Where to Define Functions	20:35
	include_once Construct		22:10
		include_once Construct	22:11
		include_once Coding Example	23:55
	Reasons to Use Functions		27:44
		Take Advantage of Code Reuse	27:45
		Improve Code Readability	29:56
		Use Instead of 'content' Include Files	32:12
	Web Application Development		34:42
		Version 10.0 Changelog	34:43
	Version 10.0 Coding Example		37:55
		Version 10.0 Coding Example	37:56
	Outputting HTML in Functions		47:04
		Outputting HTML in Functions	47:05
		Example	49:02
	Coding Conventions		53:16
		Coding Conventions	53:17
	Homework Challenge		54:33
		Homework Challenge	54:34
Variable Scope			31:37
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:09
		Lesson Overview	0:10
	What is Variable Scope?		0:57
		Variable Scope	0:58
		Global Scope	1:15
		Local Function Scope	1:50
	Variable Scope Coding Example		2:26
		Variable Scope Coding Example	2:27
	global Keyword		8:52
		global Keyword Overview	8:53
		global Keyword Example	9:25
	Superglobals		12:34
		Superglobals	12:35
		Superglobals Example	14:53
	Pitfalls of Global Variables		18:34
		Pitfalls of Global Variables	18:35
	When to Define Variables		22:09
		When to Define Variables	22:10
	Putting It All Together		22:56
		Putting It All Together Example	22:57
	Function Scope		28:56
		Function Scope	28:57
	Homework Challenge		29:41
		Homework Challenge	29:42
	Homework Challenge (cont.)		30:59
		Homework Challenge (cont.)	31:00
Web Application Development			28:27
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:12
		Lesson Overview	0:13
	Version 11.0 Changelog		0:56
		Version 11.0 Changelog	0:57
	processGetVar()		1:42
		processGetVar() Overview	1:43
		processGetVar() Example	2:25
	emailComments()		6:35
		emailComments() Overview	6:36
		emailComments() Example	7:14
	outputItemLink()		11:19
		outputItemLink() Overview	11:20
		outputItemLink() Example	11:45
	calcCartTotal()		19:25
		calcCartTotal() Overview	19:26
		calcCartTotal() Example	21:14
	Homework Challenge		25:56
		Homework Challenge	25:57
Optional Parameters			19:35
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:10
		Lesson Overview	0:11
	Optional Parameters		0:26
		Optional Parameters Definition	0:27
		Default Values	0:53
		Optional Parameters Coding Example	3:26
	More on Optional Parameters		6:55
		Multiple Optional Parameters	6:56
		Coding Example	8:05
	Homework Challenge		16:18
		Homework Challenge	16:19
Web Application Development			23:07
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:13
		Lesson Overview	0:14
	Version 12.0 Changelog		0:55
		Version 12.0 Changelog	0:56
	Update to outputLink()		1:44
		Update to outputLink()	1:45
		outputLink() Coding Example	2:40
	outputImg()		13:57
		outputImg() Overview	13:58
		outputImg() Coding Example	15:35
	Homework Challenge		22:05
		Homework Challenge	22:06
Introduction to Conditional Loops			57:20
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:08
		Lesson Overview	0:09
	while Loop		0:48
		Definition	0:49
		Syntax and Usage	1:12
		Coding Example	3:33
	Looping Over Arrays		13:16
		Looping Over Arrays	13:17
		Coding Example	13:53
	Looping Over Arrays (cont.)		16:43
		Internal Array Pointer	16:44
	Array Traversal Functions		17:29
		current ()	17:30
		next () and prev ()	18:16
		reset () and end ()	19:25
		key ()	19:40
	Indexed Arrays: Using current () and next ()		20:40
		Indexed Arrays: Using current () and next ()	20:41
	Associative Arrays: Using key (), current (), and next ()		24:06
		Associative Arrays: Using key (), current (), and next ()	24:07
	Array Traversal Functions (cont.)		29:41
		list () Construct and Example	30:07
		each () Construct and Example	34:40
	Lopping Over Arrays Using list(), each()		42:13
		Lopping Over Arrays Using list(), each()	42:14
	Control Structure Scope		50:37
		Definition and Example	50:38
		Control Structure Scope Coding Example	51:59
	Coding Conventions		54:20
		Coding Conventions	54:21
	Homework Challenge		54:58
		Homework Challenge	54:49
More on Conditional Loops			35:50
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:08
		Lesson Overview	0:09
	do-while Loop		0:42
		do-while Loop	0:43
		Simple do-while Loop Example	1:51
		Another do-while Loop Example	4:09
	continue Statement		10:46
		continue Statement	10:47
		For Example	11:07
		continue Statement Coding Example	12:44
	break Statement Re-Visited		18:10
		break Statement Re-Visited	18:11
		break Statement In while Loops Example	19:38
	Infinite Loops		23:26
		Infinite Loops	23:27
		Coding Example	24:57
	Common Loop Pitfalls		25:59
		Counter Initialization Occurs in Loop	26:30
		Counter Not Incremented in Loop	29:30
		Unreachable Break Statement	30:50
	Coding Conventions		33:48
		Do-while Statements Coding Conventions	33:49
	Homework Challenge		34:28
		Homework Challenge	34:29
Web Application Development			22:07
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:10
		Lesson Overview	0:11
	Version 13.0 Changelog		0:48
		Updating 'viewCart.php' and calcCartTotal()	0:49
		Creating isValidCart()	9:22
		Adding Three New Item to the Store & Links	15:56
	Version 13.1 Changelog		17:20
		Updating outputItemLink() to Remove Its Global Dependency on $itemCatalog	17:21
	Homework Challenge		20:34
		Homework Challenge	20:35
For & Foreach Loops			29:28
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:11
		Lesson Overview	0:12
	for Loops		0:45
		for Loops	0:46
		Expression 1	1:22
		Expression 2	1:47
		Expression 3	2:01
	Simple Example		2:27
		Simple Example	2:28
	Notes on for Loops		8:56
		Notes on for Loops	8:57
	Ending Loop Using Test Condition and Break Statement		10:06
		Ending Loop Using Test Condition and Break Statement	10:07
	foreach Loops		12:03
		foreach Loops	12:04
	Indexed Array Syntax		14:10
		Syntax	14:11
		Example	15:23
	Associative Array Syntax		18:31
		Syntax	18:32
		Example	19:47
	Coding Conventions		25:05
		for Loops	25:06
		foreach Loops	25:58
	Homework Challenge		26:52
		Homework Challenge	26:53
Web Application Development			25:58
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:12
		Lesson Overview	0:13
	Version 14.0 Changelog		1:19
		Version 14.0 Changelog	1:20
	Version 14.0 Coding Example		1:57
		Version 14.0 Coding Example	1:59
	Version 14.1 Changelog		5:39
		Version 14.1 Changelog	5:40
	Version 14.1 Coding Example		7:06
		Version 14.1 Coding Example	7:07
	Version 14.2 Changelog		15:37
		Version 14.2 Changelog	15:38
	Version 14.2 Coding Example		16:25
		Version 14.2 Coding Example	16:26
	Homework Challenge		23:35
		Homework Challenge	23:36
Conditional Loop Wrap-Up			23:12
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:09
		Lesson Overview	0:10
	Nested Conditional Loops		0:39
		Nested Conditional Loops	0:40
		Coding Example	1:10
	continue & break Re-Visited		5:17
		Continue Statements and Coding Example	5:30
		Break Statements and Coding Example	11:34
	Loop Debugging Tips		15:16
		Add Short Debug Statement At the Very Beginning	15:17
		Output a Counter Variable	18:10
		Add Debug Statement At the Very End	19:20
	Homework Challenge		20:20
		Homework Challenge	20:21
	Homework Challenge (cont.)		22:00
		Homework Challenge (cont.)	22:01
Variable-Length Parameter Lists			22:16
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:09
		Lesson Overview	0:10
	Variable-Length Parameter Lists		0:34
		Variable-Length Parameter Lists	0:35
		Coding Example	1:51
	Variable-Length Parameter Lists (cont.)		5:21
		When a Parameter List is Defined For the Functions	5:22
		Coding Example	6:32
	Variable Type Functions		9:54
		is_int (), is_float (), is_string (), and is_bool()	9:55
		is_ array ()	10:50
		is_null ()	11:01
		Variable Type Functions Coding Example 1	11:27
		is_numeric() and Example	15:57
		Variable Type Functions Coding Example 2	17:12
	Homework Challenge		19:35
		Homework Challenge	19:36
	Homework Challenge (cont.)		20:52
		Homework Challenge (cont.)	20:53
Web Application Development			38:36
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:10
		Lesson Overview	0:11
	Version 15.0 Changelog		0:33
		outputLink (), outputImg (), is_array () and is_string ()	0:34
	Version 15.0 Coding Example		1:31
		Version 15.0 Coding Example	1:32
	Version 15.1 Changelog		7:55
		Removing Redundant Code and Adding New Function Called outputHtmlTag ()	7:56
	Version 15.1 Coding Example		8:37
		Version 15.1 Coding Example	8:38
	Version 16.0 Changelog		14:55
		Creating emailOrder() Using New Constants ORDER_EMAIL_FROM and ORDER_EMAIL_SUBJECT	14:56
	Version 16.0 Coding Example		16:30
		Version 16.0 Coding Example	16:31
	Version 16.1 Changelog		32:21
		Creating formatAsDollars ()	32:22
	Version 16.1 Coding Example		32:57
		Version 16.1 Coding Example	32:58
	Homework Challenge		36:27
		Homework Challenge	36:28
Miscellaneous Topics			31:49
	Intro		0:00
	Lesson Overview		0:10
		Lesson Overview	0:11
	register_globals Directive		0:58
		register_globals	0:59
		Coding Example	2:04
	$_GET vs. $HTTP_GET_VARS		4:07
		$_GET vs. $HTTP_GET_VARS	4:08
		register_long_arrays Directive Coding Example	5:44
	Magic Constants		7:30
		Magic Constants	7:31
		__LINE__, __FILE__, __FIR__, and __FUNCTION__	8:16
		Coding Example	9:06
	exist() & die()		13:19
		exist() & die()	13:20
		Coding Example	14:08
	Execution Operator		16:23
		Execution Operator	16:24
		Coding Example	17:27
	Array Operators		18:23
		Equality (==) and Inequality (!=, <>)	18:43
		Identity (===) and Non-Identity (!==)	19:13
		Union (+) Operator	19:41
		Array Operators Coding Example	20:07
	Variable Variables		24:13
		Variable Variables	24:14
		Coding Example	26:07
	Variable Functions		28:02
		Variable Functions	28:03
		Coding Example	29:13

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