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Lecture Comments (6)

0 answers

Post by Li Zeng on June 9, 2019

The best wonder in music. Patterns seem to coincidentally exist.

1 answer

Last reply by: Professor Ryan
Thu Jun 6, 2013 10:45 AM

Post by Susan Schmitz on January 24, 2013

Why are you playing the C an octave below middle C? When you go down 2 keys we can't see what you are playing.

1 answer

Last reply by: Professor Ryan
Fri Nov 16, 2012 12:10 AM

Post by tim Simpson on September 10, 2012

What's C sharp Major's relative minor?

0 answers

Post by tim Simpson on September 10, 2012

B has g sharp minor but whats the minor c sharp minor?

Circle of Fifths

  • The Circle of Fifths takes you through all major and minor key signatures.
  • The fifth note of each major scale is the name of the next key, thus the name 'Circle of Fifths'.

Circle of Fifths

Lecture Slides are screen-captured images of important points in the lecture. Students can download and print out these lecture slide images to do practice problems as well as take notes while watching the lecture.

  1. Intro
    • Lesson Objectives
      • C
      • C, G
      • C, G, D
      • C, G, D, A
      • C, G, D, A, E
      • C, G, D, A, E, B/C Flat
      • C, G, D, A, E, B/C Flat, F#/G Flat
      • C, G, D, A, E, B/C Flat, F#/G Flat, D Flat/C#
      • C, G, D, A, E, B/C Flat, F#/G Flat, D Flat/C#, A Flat
      • C, G, D, A, E, B/C Flat, F#/G Flat, D Flat/C#, A Flat, E Flat
      • C, G, D, A, E, B/C Flat, F#/G Flat, D Flat/C#, A Flat, E Flat, B Flat
      • C, G, D, A, E, B/C Flat, F#/G Flat, D Flat/C#, A Flat, E Flat, B Flat, F
      • Example 1: Play Circle of Fifths
      • Intro 0:00
      • Lesson Objectives 0:06
      • C 0:21
        • Circle of Fifths
        • Relative Minor Keys
        • Relative Minor Key to C is A Minor
        • Listening to the C Scale
        • To Find the Relative Minor, Go Down 4 Half Steps
        • The Relative Minor Shares the Key Signature of the Major Scale
      • C, G 1:58
        • Relative Minor to G Major is E Minor
        • Always Use the Natural Minor for Relative Minors
        • Why It's Called the Circle of Fifths
      • C, G, D 3:35
        • Finding the Relative Minor of D Major
      • C, G, D, A 4:42
        • Finding the Relative Minor of A Major
        • Relative Minor of A Major is F# Minor
      • C, G, D, A, E 5:50
        • Relative Minor of E Major is C# Minor
      • C, G, D, A, E, B/C Flat 7:19
        • Relative Minor of B Major / C Flat Major is G# Minor
        • Listening to B Major and G# Minor
      • C, G, D, A, E, B/C Flat, F#/G Flat 9:14
        • The Relative Minor of F# Major / G Flat Major is D# Minor
        • F# Major / G Flat Major and D# Minor Have Six Sharps / Six Flats
      • C, G, D, A, E, B/C Flat, F#/G Flat, D Flat/C# 11:55
        • The Relative Minor of D Flat Major / C # Major is B Flat Minor
        • Listening to D Flat/C# Major and B Flat Minor
      • C, G, D, A, E, B/C Flat, F#/G Flat, D Flat/C#, A Flat 14:06
        • Listening to A Flat Major and F Minor
      • C, G, D, A, E, B/C Flat, F#/G Flat, D Flat/C#, A Flat, E Flat 15:19
        • E Flat Major Has Three Flats, And Its Relative Minor is C Minor
        • Listening to E Flat Major and C Minor
      • C, G, D, A, E, B/C Flat, F#/G Flat, D Flat/C#, A Flat, E Flat, B Flat 16:23
        • B Flat Major Has Two Flats, And Its Relative Minor is G Minor
        • Listening to B Flat Major and G Minor
      • C, G, D, A, E, B/C Flat, F#/G Flat, D Flat/C#, A Flat, E Flat, B Flat, F 17:25
        • F Major Has One Flat, And Its Relative Minor is D Minor
      • Example 1: Play Circle of Fifths 18:31
        • Writing the Major Keys of the Circle of Fifths
        • Writing the Relative Minor Keys of the Circle of Fifths
        • Listening to the Circle of Fifths

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      Laura Ryan

      Laura Ryan

      Circle of Fifths

      Slide Duration:

      Table of Contents

      Section 1: Music Theory
      Music Theory

      32m 43s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:04
      Grand Staff
      0:16
      Difference Between Single Staff and Grand Staff
      0:25
      A Brace
      0:53
      Drawing a Treble Clef
      1:05
      Remembering the Lines of a Treble Clef
      1:45
      Remembering the Spaces of a Treble Clef
      2:06
      Remembering the Lines of a Bass Clef
      2:41
      Remembering the Spaces of a Bass Clef
      2:46
      Drawing a Bass Clef
      2:59
      Major Scales
      3:54
      Using a Pattern of Intervals to Find a Major Scale in Any Key
      3:59
      Playing a C Scale
      4:56
      Playing a Series of Whole and Half Steps
      5:14
      Counting Intervals on the Keyboard
      6:05
      Writing a Major Scale
      6:37
      Writing Below the Staff
      6:50
      Minor Scales
      8:09
      Counting Whole and Half Steps of a Minor Scale
      8:58
      Listening to A Minor
      9:08
      Finding the Interval Pattern of a Minor Scale
      9:55
      Writing a Scale in Both Treble and Bass Clefs
      10:59
      Listening to A Minor
      11:10
      Names of White Keys
      11:25
      Matching Keyboard Notes to Notes on the Staff
      12:07
      Finding Middle C on the Keyboard
      12:20
      Finding Middle C on the Grand Staff
      12:43
      Stem Directions
      12:53
      Names of Black Keys
      13:28
      Black Keys Can Have Two Different Names
      13:38
      Sharp = Raise Half Step
      13:53
      Flat = Lower Half Step
      14:06
      White Key Half Step Example: E and F
      15:08
      Finding Black Keys on the Staff
      15:53
      Writing Sharps and Flats on the Staff
      16:02
      Writing Sharps and Flats After Letters
      17:27
      How to Play Chords
      17:44
      Playing a C Major Chord
      18:02
      Playing Every Other Key to Form a Chord
      18:52
      Writing Chords on the Staff
      19:00
      Chord Progressions
      19:24
      Chord Progressions are a Series of Chords
      19:28
      Writing Chord Progressions on the Staff
      10:03
      Playing Chord Progressions on the Keyboard
      21:40
      Example 1: Grand Staff
      22:07
      Example 2: Major Scale on Keyboard
      22:52
      Example 3: Minor Scale on Keyboard
      23:49
      Example 4: Naming White and Black Keys
      25:14
      Example 5: Chords
      27:33
      Example 6: Exploring Chord Progressions
      28:47
      Section 2: Properties of the Grand Staff
      Staff, Treble Clef & Bass Clef

      9m 30s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:07
      The Staff, Five Lines
      0:18
      The Staff Always Has Five Lines
      0:32
      Ledger Lines
      0:45
      Why The Staff Only Has Five Lines
      1:00
      The Staff, Four Spaces
      1:22
      Writing Space Notes Between Ledger Lines
      1:32
      Treble Clef
      1:41
      The Clef Tells You Which Note is Where
      1:47
      Writing a Treble Clef
      2:00
      Using Phrases to Remember the Order of the Lines
      2:38
      Bass Clef
      2:58
      Writing a Bass Clef
      3:10
      Using Phrases to Remember the Order of the Lines
      3:54
      The Grand Staff
      4:57
      The Grand Staff is the Treble Clef and Bass Clef Connected by a Brace
      5:00
      What the Brace Means
      5:32
      Chords
      7:00
      Example 1: Treble Clef
      7:17
      Example 2: Bass Clef
      8:16
      Example 3: Grand Staff
      8:46
      Bar Lines & Measures

      18m 5s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:06
      Bar Lines
      0:22
      Where the Bar Line Begins and Ends
      0:35
      Measures are Used to Think of Music in Smaller Pieces
      1:00
      Bar Lines Divide A Set Amount of Beats For Each Measure
      2:03
      Measures
      2:24
      4/4 Time Signature
      2:43
      Only 4 Beats in Every Measure When There is a 4/4 Time Signature
      2:39
      In a Measure, Notes are Spaced Away from the Measure
      4:12
      Listening to the Example
      4:45
      Double Bar Lines
      5:59
      Representing the End and Beginning of Examples
      6:20
      Listening to the Example
      7:07
      Repeat Signs
      9:03
      First and Second Endings
      10:34
      Listening to the Example
      12:55
      Example 1: Creating Bar Lines
      14:04
      Example 2: Creating Double Bar Lines
      14:17
      Example 3: Creating Bar Lines, Double Bar Lines and Repeat Sign
      14:39
      Example 4: Creating First and Second Endings
      15:24
      Section 3: Notes and Rhythms
      Rhythmic Notation

      18m 44s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:06
      Whole Notes
      0:18
      Writing Whole Notes
      0:24
      Whole Notes are 4 Beats
      0:30
      Listening to a Whole Note
      0:56
      Octave
      1:26
      Writing and Identifying Example Whole Notes
      1:48
      Half Notes
      4:17
      Half Notes are Connected to a Staff
      4:21
      Half Notes are 2 Beats
      4:24
      Writing Half Notes
      4:38
      Rules for Stem Directions
      5:10
      Quarter Notes
      7:06
      Quarter Notes are 1 Beat
      1:14
      Writing Quarter Notes on the Staff
      7:54
      Stem Direction
      9:16
      It's Okay to Have a Down Stem and Up Stem in the Same Measure
      10:09
      Example 1: Whole Notes
      10:56
      Example 2: Half Notes
      11:26
      Example 3: Quarter Notes
      11:51
      Example 4: Quarter Notes
      12:59
      Example 5: Stem Direction
      13:01
      Example 6: Rhythmic Combinations
      14:25
      Time Signature

      18m 49s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:06
      4/4
      0:21
      What the Top and Bottom Numbers Represent
      0:46
      4 = Quarter Note
      1:15
      Review of Whole, Half, and Quarter Notes
      1:36
      Fill in 4 Counts for Every Measure
      1:54
      Listening to the Example
      3:27
      4/4 Continued
      5:23
      Listening to the Example
      6:14
      Middle C
      6:22
      2/4
      7:52
      2 = Beats/Measure
      8:04
      Writing 2/4 on the Staff
      9:03
      2/4 Continued
      9:11
      Listening to the Example
      10:33
      Example 1: 4/4
      11:26
      Example 2: 4/4
      13:11
      Example 3: 2/4
      13:38
      Example 4: 2/4
      14:32
      Rhythmic Notation, Continued

      27m 57s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:07
      Dotted Half Notes
      0:39
      Dots Add Half of the Note's Beat to Itself
      1:15
      Dotted Half Notes = 3 Quarter Notes = 3 Beats
      1:47
      Dotted Quarter Notes
      2:03
      Having Three Beats in a Measure
      2:30
      3/4 Time Signature = 3 Counts per Measure
      2:58
      Dotted Quarter Notes
      3:34
      Eighth Notes Are Half of a Quarter Note
      3:44
      Dotted Quarter Notes = 1.5 Beats
      4:30
      Eighth Notes
      5:56
      Two Eighth Notes in Every Quarter Note
      6:01
      Listening to the Example
      7:18
      Dotted Eighth Notes
      8:34
      1 Eighth Note = 2 Sixteenth Notes
      8:42
      Eighth Notes Barred and Separate
      9:57
      Sixteenth Notes
      11:00
      1 Sixteenth Note = Half of an Eighth Note
      11:09
      Dotted Sixteenth Notes
      12:43
      1 Sixteenth Note = 2 Thirty-Second Notes
      13:03
      Sixteenth Notes Barred and Separate
      14:27
      Thirty-Second Notes
      16:03
      Listening to the Example
      17:30
      Thirty-Second Notes Barred and Separate
      18:25
      Example 1: Dotted Half Notes
      18:51
      Example 2: Dotted Quarter Notes
      19:55
      Example 3: Eighth Note Combinations
      21:13
      Example 4: Sixteenth Note Combinations
      23:16
      Example 5: Thirty-Second Note Combinations
      24:26
      Rests

      32m 58s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:07
      Whole Rests
      0:47
      Writing the Whole Rest
      0:59
      How Many Counts a Whole Rest is in Different Time Signatures
      1:30
      Half Rests
      1:50
      How Many Counts a Half Rest is
      1:53
      Writing a Half Rest
      2:10
      Listening to a Whole Rest
      2:38
      Half Rests are Two Counts of Silence
      3:19
      Difference Between Writing a Half and Whole Rest
      4:19
      Quarter Rests
      4:45
      Quarter Rests are One Count of Silence
      4:49
      Review of Writing Whole and Half Rests
      5:07
      Writing a Quarter Rest
      5:25
      Listening to a Quarter Rest
      6:59
      Eighth Rests
      7:57
      Writing an Eighth Rest
      8:06
      Review of Whole, Half, and Quarter Rests
      8:14
      Listening to an Eighth Rest
      9:33
      Two Eighth Rests in a Row
      10:09
      Sixteenth Rests
      10:32
      Writing a Sixteenth Rest
      10:40
      Review of Whole, Half, Quarter, and Eighth Rests
      11:27
      Listening to a Sixteenth Rest
      12:15
      Thirty-Second Rests
      13:31
      Review of Whole, Half, Quarter, Eighth, and Sixteenth Rests
      13:49
      Written Example with Thirty-Second Rests
      14:28
      Not Writing the Bar Over a Rest
      16:04
      Listening to a Thirty-Second Rest
      16:29
      Explanation of Rest Placement
      17:12
      Writing the Eighth Rest
      17:54
      Exploration of Rest Placement Continued
      18:41
      Writing the Sixteenth Rest
      18:42
      Writing the Thirty-Second Rest
      19:14
      Example 1: Whole Rests
      19:41
      Example 2: Half Rests
      20:41
      Example 3: Quarter Rests
      21:58
      Example 4: Eighth Rests
      23:10
      Example 5: Sixteenth Rests
      25:14
      Example 6: Thirty-Second Rests
      27:27
      Example 7: Completing 4/4 Measures with Rests
      31:20
      Example 8: Completing 2/4 Measures with Rests
      31:53
      Section 4: Keyboard Basics
      Introduction of Keyboard

      19m 11s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:10
      Visual Presentation of the Keyboard
      0:35
      Introduction of Middle C
      1:28
      Locate C Key
      1:50
      Middle C Key
      2:22
      Middle C on This Keyboard
      3:22
      C in Octaves
      3:34
      Eight Keys
      3:53
      Middle C on the Grand Staff Treble Clef
      4:35
      Middle C on the Grand Staff Bass Clef
      5:45
      C on Keyboard
      6:41
      Illustration of Every C on the Piano Keyboard
      7:22
      C on Keyboard
      7:54
      Bass Clef
      9:22
      Listen to More Octaves
      10:02
      Example 1: Writing Middle C on Treble Clef
      11:14
      Example 2: Writing Middle C in Bass Clef
      12:50
      Example 3: Writing Every C on the Keyboard
      14:06
      Example 4: Finding Middle C on the Keyboard
      16:38
      Example 5: Every C on a Keyboard
      17:47
      Finding D E F G A B on the Keyboard

      24m 46s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:11
      Treble Clef C D E F G A B
      0:34
      Finding C
      0:56
      Finding D
      1:13
      Finding E
      1:25
      Finding F
      1:33
      Finding G, A and B
      1:52
      Bass Clef C D E F G A B
      2:30
      Playing C, D, E, F, G, A, B
      2:46
      Finding C
      4:16
      Finding D, E, F, G, A, B
      4:39
      White Key Whole Step
      5:08
      Half Steps
      5:44
      Whole Steps
      5:59
      Identifying Half and Whole Steps
      6:19
      Pattern of Half and Whole Steps
      7:38
      White Key Half Step
      8:07
      Sounds of Half Steps
      8:30
      Treble Clef C D E F G A B
      9:21
      Writing Treble Clef Notes on the Staff
      9:42
      Listening to Treble Clef C, D, E, F, G, A, and B
      10:30
      Drawing Bar Lines
      11:12
      Bass Clef C D E F G A B
      11:30
      Listening to Bass Clef C, D, E, F, G, A, and B
      12:10
      Drawing Bar Lines
      12:52
      White Key Whole Step and Half Step
      13:19
      Writing Whole Steps on the Staff
      13:38
      Writing Half Steps on the Staff
      15:03
      Example 1: Writing C D E F G A B in Treble Clef
      15:59
      Example 2: Writing C D E F G A B in Bass Clef
      16:48
      Example 3: Writing White Key Whole Steps
      18:53
      Example 4: Writing White Key Half Steps
      19:57
      Example 5: Finding C D E F G A B on the Keyboard
      20:47
      Example 6: Finding White Key Whole and Half Steps
      21:55
      Identifying Black Keys

      27m 22s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:14
      Sharp Keys C# D# E# F# G# A# B#
      0:31
      Sharp Something by Raising it by a Half Step
      0:45
      Listening to Sharps
      0:50
      Finding Sharps on the Keyboard
      1:38
      White Keys That Are Also Sharp
      2:19
      Flat Keys D Flat, E Flat, F Flat, G Flat, A Flat, B Flat, C Flat
      2:25
      Finding Flats on the Keyboard
      2:37
      White Keys That Are Also Flat
      2:57
      Enharmonic Keys: One Note with Two Names
      3:05
      Whole Steps Using Black Keys
      3:20
      Two Half Steps = One Whole Step
      3:50
      Finding Half and Whole Steps on the Keyboard
      4:03
      Half Step + Half Step = Whole Step
      5:27
      Half Steps Using Black Keys
      5:58
      Writing a Sharp or Flat After the Letter
      6:12
      Listening to the Chromatic Scale
      6:50
      Chromatic Movement
      7:22
      Writing Sharps on the Staff
      7:32
      Middle Box Needs to Intersect the Line or Space That It's Referring To
      7:37
      The Order of Sharps
      8:09
      Sharps in the Bass Clef
      8:27
      In the Staff, The Sharp or Flat Comes Before the Note
      8:43
      Using Sharps While Ascending, Using Flats While Descending
      9:07
      Writing Flats on the Staff
      9:34
      The Order of Flats
      9:37
      Using Flats While Descending
      10:03
      Using Sharps While Ascending
      10:19
      Writing Black Key Whole and Half Steps
      10:26
      Playing Half Steps on the Keyboard
      10:45
      Writing Whole Steps on the Staff With Sharps and Flats While Ascending and Descending
      11:00
      Listening to the Example
      12:02
      Example 1: Writing Sharp and Flat Notes in Treble Clef
      12:58
      Example 2: Writing Sharp and Flat Notes in Bass Clef
      16:56
      Example 3: Writing Black Key Whole Steps
      18:08
      Example 4: Writing Black Key Half Steps
      21:00
      Example 5: Finding Sharps on the Keyboard
      24:06
      Example 6: Finding Flats on the Keyboard
      24:47
      Example 7: Finding Black Key Whole and Half Steps on the Keyboard
      25:18
      C Major Scale Whole & Half Steps

      19m 19s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:11
      C Major Scale on Keyboard
      0:24
      Pattern of Whole and Half Steps for Major Scales
      1:49
      C Major Scale on the Staff
      4:30
      Ascending and Descending Scales
      5:18
      C Major Whole and Half Steps on the Staff
      6:36
      Example 1: Writing out C Major Scale in Treble Clef
      7:55
      Example 2: Writing out C Major Scale in Bass Clef
      9:56
      Example 3: Illustrating the Whole/Half Step Pattern in C Major
      10:50
      Example 4: Using the Whole/Half Step Pattern to Find a Major Scale on 'D'
      12:37
      Writing D Major Scale on Staff
      15:06
      Example 5: Finding and Playing C Major on Keyboard
      15:50
      Example 6: Finding and Playing D Major on Keyboard Using the Whole/Half Step Pattern
      16:23
      Finding and Playing F Major on Keyboard Using the Whole/Half Step Pattern
      17:58
      Section 5: Intervals
      Major, Minor, Perfect & Numbered Intervals

      27m 50s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:10
      Numbering Notes of C Major Scale on Keyboard
      0:22
      Scale Degrees of C Major Scale
      1:00
      Illustration of Major and Minor Intervals of C Major Scale
      1:46
      Major 2nd (M2)
      2:34
      Major 3rd (M3)
      2:43
      M is the Abbreviation for 'Major'
      3:04
      Perfect 4th (P4)
      3:44
      P is the Abbreviation for 'Perfect'
      3:50
      Perfect 5th (P5)
      4:03
      Major 6th (M6)
      4:18
      Major 7th (M7)
      4:27
      Perfect 8th or Perfect Octave (P8)
      4:42
      Listening to the Major Intervals on the Keyboard
      5:15
      Minor Intervals of the C Major Scale
      6:59
      Half Steps are Minor Intervals
      7:50
      Hearing the Difference Between Major and Minor Intervals
      8:47
      Illustration of Perfect Intervals in C Major Scale
      8:56
      Listening to the Perfect Intervals of C Major
      9:29
      Counting Half Steps of P4
      10:05
      Counting Half Steps of P5
      10:26
      Counting Half Steps of P8
      10:43
      Numbering Intervals of C Major Scale on the Grand Staff
      11:01
      Identifying Major and Minor Intervals of C Major Scale on Grand Staff
      12:04
      Finding Major and Minor Intervals on the Grand Staff
      12:38
      Every Whole Step is M2, Every Half Step is m2
      13:48
      Identifying Perfect Intervals of C Major Scale on Grand Staff
      14:13
      Drawing and Playing Intervals as Chords
      14:57
      Example 1: Finding Major Intervals in C Major Scale
      16:32
      Example 2: Finding Minor Intervals in C Major Scale
      17:07
      Example 3: Finding Perfect Intervals in the C Major Scale
      17:38
      Example 4: Writing Major Intervals of C Major Scale
      18:45
      Example 5: Writing Minor and Perfect Intervals of C Major Scale
      20:07
      Example 6: Writing Major, Minor and Perfect Intervals Independent of the C Major Scale
      21:26
      Counting Half Steps of M3
      22:57
      Counting Half Steps of P4
      23:55
      Counting Half Steps of P5
      24:43
      Counting Half Steps of M6
      25:09
      Counting Half Steps of M7
      26:14
      Example 7: Numbering Intervals
      26:49
      Section 6: Major and Minor Keys
      Circle of Fifths

      24m 55s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:06
      C
      0:21
      Circle of Fifths
      0:33
      Relative Minor Keys
      0:44
      Relative Minor Key to C is A Minor
      0:56
      Listening to the C Scale
      1:10
      To Find the Relative Minor, Go Down 4 Half Steps
      1:20
      The Relative Minor Shares the Key Signature of the Major Scale
      1:42
      C, G
      1:58
      Relative Minor to G Major is E Minor
      2:07
      Always Use the Natural Minor for Relative Minors
      2:36
      Why It's Called the Circle of Fifths
      2:59
      C, G, D
      3:35
      Finding the Relative Minor of D Major
      4:17
      C, G, D, A
      4:42
      Finding the Relative Minor of A Major
      5:03
      Relative Minor of A Major is F# Minor
      5:10
      C, G, D, A, E
      5:50
      Relative Minor of E Major is C# Minor
      6:03
      C, G, D, A, E, B/C Flat
      7:19
      Relative Minor of B Major / C Flat Major is G# Minor
      8:00
      Listening to B Major and G# Minor
      8:28
      C, G, D, A, E, B/C Flat, F#/G Flat
      9:14
      The Relative Minor of F# Major / G Flat Major is D# Minor
      10:04
      F# Major / G Flat Major and D# Minor Have Six Sharps / Six Flats
      10:25
      C, G, D, A, E, B/C Flat, F#/G Flat, D Flat/C#
      11:55
      The Relative Minor of D Flat Major / C # Major is B Flat Minor
      12:24
      Listening to D Flat/C# Major and B Flat Minor
      13:08
      C, G, D, A, E, B/C Flat, F#/G Flat, D Flat/C#, A Flat
      14:06
      Listening to A Flat Major and F Minor
      14:48
      C, G, D, A, E, B/C Flat, F#/G Flat, D Flat/C#, A Flat, E Flat
      15:19
      E Flat Major Has Three Flats, And Its Relative Minor is C Minor
      15:52
      Listening to E Flat Major and C Minor
      16:00
      C, G, D, A, E, B/C Flat, F#/G Flat, D Flat/C#, A Flat, E Flat, B Flat
      16:23
      B Flat Major Has Two Flats, And Its Relative Minor is G Minor
      16:55
      Listening to B Flat Major and G Minor
      17:10
      C, G, D, A, E, B/C Flat, F#/G Flat, D Flat/C#, A Flat, E Flat, B Flat, F
      17:25
      F Major Has One Flat, And Its Relative Minor is D Minor
      18:00
      Example 1: Play Circle of Fifths
      18:31
      Writing the Major Keys of the Circle of Fifths
      18:32
      Writing the Relative Minor Keys of the Circle of Fifths
      20:20
      Listening to the Circle of Fifths
      22:01
      Minor Scales

      34m 12s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:06
      Natural Minor
      0:42
      Natural Minor has Lowered Third, Sixth, and Seventh
      1:49
      Lowering the Third, Sixth, and Seventh to Find A Minor
      2:34
      Listening to the Difference Between a Major Scale and a Natural Minor Scale
      4:28
      Natural Minor Continued
      5:14
      Listening to the Difference Between a C Major Scale and a C Natural Minor Scale
      5:59
      Writing C Natural Minor on the Staff
      6:28
      Harmonic Minor
      7:14
      Harmonic Minor Has One Difference from Natural Minor
      7:19
      Review of Natural Minor
      7:36
      In Harmonic, You Lower the Third and the Sixth, But You Keep the Seventh as it Would Be in a Major Scale
      8:01
      Listening to the Major, Natural Minor, and Harmonic Minor Scales
      9:05
      Harmonic Minor Continued
      10:26
      Writing C Harmonic Minor on the Staff
      10:43
      Listening to C Harmonic Minor
      11:20
      Melodic Minor
      11:47
      Melodic Minor Differs When Ascending and Descending
      12:15
      Writing Ascending and Descending Melodic Minor on the Staff
      13:00
      Listening to Melodic Minor
      13:30
      Melodic Minor Continued
      14:13
      Writing C Melodic Minor on the Staff
      14:18
      Listening to C Melodic Minor
      15:27
      Example 1: Writing Natural Minor
      16:04
      Example 2: Writing Harmonic Minor
      17:54
      Example 3: Writing Melodic Minor
      19:35
      Example 4: Exploring Natural Minor Intervals
      24:08
      Augmented = An Interval with the Second Note Raised One Half Step
      27:07
      Diminished = Lowered Half Step
      27:42
      Example 5: Exploring Harmonic Minor Intervals
      27:52
      Example 6: Exploring Melodic Minor Intervals
      30:19
      Key Signatures

      32m 43s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:09
      Keys of G and D
      0:16
      Writing and Listening to G Major on the Grand Staff
      0:18
      Writing and Listening to D Major on the Grand Staff
      1:36
      Keys of A and E
      3:24
      Writing A Major on the Staff
      3:25
      Writing E Major on the Staff
      4:14
      Listening to A and E Majors
      4:44
      Keys of B and F#
      6:04
      Writing B Major on the Staff
      6:06
      Writing F# Major on the Staff
      6:54
      Listening to B and F# Majors
      7:31
      Key of C#
      8:47
      Writing C# Major on the Staff
      9:40
      Listening to C# Major
      10:11
      Keys of F and B Flat
      10:34
      Writing F Major on the Staff
      10:44
      Writing B Flat Major on the Staff
      11:17
      Listening to F and B Flat Majors
      11:46
      Keys of E Flat and A Flat
      12:33
      Writing E Flat Major on the Staff
      13:00
      Writing A Flat Major on the Staff
      13:57
      Listening to E Flat and A Flat Majors
      14:46
      Keys of D Flat and G Flat
      16:12
      Writing D Flat Major on the Staff
      16:20
      Writing G Flat Major on the Staff
      17:04
      Listening to D Flat and G Flat Majors
      17:48
      Key of C Flat
      18:58
      Writing C Flat Major on the Staff
      19:00
      Listening to C Flat Major
      19:45
      Example 1: Order of Sharps
      20:30
      Phrase for Sharps Backwards: Bead, G, C, F
      21:15
      Example 2: Order of Flats
      21:39
      Order of Flats is the Order of Sharps Backwards
      21:41
      Example 3: Identify Keys of G and D
      22:17
      Example 4: Identify Keys of A and E
      23:55
      Example 5: Identify Keys of B, F# and C#
      25:48
      Example 6: Identify Keys of F, B Flat and E Flat
      27:56
      Example 7: Identify Keys of A Flat, D Flat and G Flat
      29:58
      Example 8: Identify Key of C Flat
      31:33
      The Major Scale in 12 Different Keys

      37m 10s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:14
      C Major
      0:40
      C# (D Flat) Major
      2:14
      C# Major
      2:24
      D Flat Major
      4:12
      D Major
      6:24
      E Flat Major
      7:57
      Why E Flat Major is not known as D# Major
      9:38
      E Major
      10:26
      F Major
      11:33
      F# (G Flat) Major
      12:49
      G Major
      14:59
      A Flat Major
      15:38
      Why A Flat Major is not known as G# Major
      16:11
      A Major
      18:30
      B Flat Major
      20:13
      B (C Flat) Major
      21:15
      Example 1: Create a Major Scale on C
      25:37
      Example 2: Create a Major Scale on D
      26:10
      Example 3: Create a Major Scale on E
      26:37
      Example 4: Create a Major Scale on F
      28:36
      Example 5: Create a Major Scale on G
      28:57
      Example 6: Create a Major Scale on A
      29:32
      Example 7: Create a Major Scale on B
      30:33
      Example 8: Create a Major Scale on C#
      31:13
      Example 9: Create a Major Scale on E Flat
      32:35
      Example 10: Create a Major Scale on F#
      34:11
      Example 11: Create a Major Scale on A Flat
      34:48
      Example 12: Create a Major Scale on B Flat
      35:53
      Section 7: Scale Degrees
      Scale Degrees

      25m 55s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:08
      Tonic
      0:25
      Supertonic
      1:52
      Mediant
      3:39
      Subdominant
      5:03
      Dominant
      6:53
      Submediant
      9:13
      Leading Tone
      11:10
      Altered Scale Degrees in Natural Minor
      13:30
      Natural Minor has a Flat Mediant (3rd), Flat Submediant (6th), and FlatLeading Tone (7th)
      13:58
      Altered Scale Degrees in Harmonic Minor
      15:10
      Harmonic Minor has a Flat Mediant (3rd), Flat Submediant (6th), and Sharp Leading Tone (7th)
      15:29
      Altered Scale Degrees in Melodic Minor
      16:42
      Melodic Minor is Different Ascending and Descending
      16:58
      Melodic Minor has an Ascending Flat Median (3rd), Sharp Submediant (6th), and Sharp Leading Tone (7th), but a Descending Flat Mediant (3rd), Flat Submediant (6th), and Flat Leading Tone (7th)
      17:12
      Example 1: Finding the Tonic
      18:34
      Example 2: Finding the Supertonic
      19:18
      Example 3: Finding the Mediant
      19:55
      Example 4: Finding the Subdominant
      20:08
      Example 5: Finding the Dominant
      20:30
      Example 6: Finding the Submediant
      20:54
      Example 7: Finding the Leading Tone
      21:16
      Example 8: Natural Minor Scale Degrees
      21:45
      Example 9: Harmonic Minor Scale Degrees
      22:26
      Example 10: Melodic Minor Scale Degrees
      24:07
      Section 8: Accidentals
      Double Sharps & Flats

      13m 40s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:12
      Review of Sharp
      0:19
      Double Sharp
      1:13
      X = Double Sharp
      1:35
      Double Sharp In a Scale
      3:58
      Review of Flat
      5:59
      Double Flat
      7:24
      Two Flat Signs = Double Flat
      7:34
      Use of Double Flat In a Scale
      8:12
      Example 1: Writing Double Sharps
      11:02
      Example 2: Double Sharp Equivalencies
      11:30
      Example 3: Writing Double Flats
      12:11
      Example 4: Double Flat Equivalencies
      12:42
      Section 9: Rhythms
      3/4, Simple & Compound Meter

      15m 46s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:10
      Time Signature of 3/4
      0:18
      Top Number is How Many Beats per Measure, Bottom Number is What Note Makes One Beat
      0:28
      3/4 Has Three Beats per Measure
      1:06
      3/4 Continued
      1:31
      Simple Meter, Duple Simple
      2:21
      Duple Simple = 2/4
      2:32
      Simple Meter, Triple Simple
      3:01
      Triple Simple = 3/4
      3:02
      Simple Meter, Quadruple Simple
      3:38
      Quadruple Simple = 4/4
      3:39
      Compound Meter, Compound Triple
      4:02
      Compound Triple = 3/8
      4:03
      3/8 = Three Eighth Notes Per Measure
      4:28
      Compound Meter, Compound Duple or Simple Triple
      5:13
      Compound Duple = 6/8
      5:20
      6/8 = Six Eighth Notes Per Measure
      5:32
      Simple Triple = 6/8
      5:43
      Compound Meter, Compound Triple
      6:42
      Compound Triple = 9/8
      6:43
      9/8 = Nine Eighth Notes Per Measure
      6:46
      Compound Meter, Compound Quadruple
      7:41
      Compound Quadruple = 12/8 = Twelve Eighth Notes Per Measure
      7:42
      Example 1: 3/4
      8:53
      3/4 Has Three Beats per Measure
      9:02
      Example 2: Duple Simple
      9:30
      Example 3: Triple Simple
      9:51
      Example 3 Part 2: Quadruple Simple
      10:14
      Example 4: Compound Triple
      10:39
      Example 5: Compound Duple or Simple Triple
      11:06
      Example 6: Compound Triple
      13:53
      Example 7: Compound Quadruple
      14:37
      Section 10: Solfeggio
      Solfeggio

      20m 32s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:10
      Movable Do
      0:36
      Fixed Do
      0:50
      Movable Do: When You Have the Tonic Note of Every Scale as Do
      0:59
      Re
      2:42
      Re is the Supertonic, or Second Scale Degree (2nd)
      2:43
      Mi
      3:47
      Mi is the Mediant, or Third Scale Degree (3rd)
      3:55
      Fa
      4:32
      Fa is the Subdominant, or Fourth Scale Degree (4th)
      5:10
      Sol
      6:01
      Sol is the Dominant, or Fifth Scale Degree (5th)
      6:20
      La
      7:02
      La is the Submediant, or Sixth Scale Degree (6th)
      7:10
      Si (Ti)
      8:54
      Ti was Introduced in America
      9:00
      Si (Ti) is the Leading Tone, or Seventh Scale Degree (7th)
      9:55
      Ear Training Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Si Do
      11:03
      Example 1: Finding Do
      12:30
      Example 2: Finding Re
      12:42
      Example 3: Finding Mi
      12:58
      Example 4: Finding Fa
      13:32
      Example 5: Finding Sol
      14:34
      Example 6: Finding La
      15:08
      Example 7: Finding Si
      16:02
      Example 8: Finding Combinations of Solfeggio Patterns
      17:10
      Section 11: Triads and Chords
      Major Triads

      27m 19s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:06
      C Major Triad Root
      1:00
      Three Notes Stacked on Top of One Another = Chord, and All Notes are Played at the Same Time
      1:57
      C Major Triad Third
      2:18
      What a Third is
      2:21
      A Third is Five Half Steps Above the First Note, or the Root
      3:06
      C Major Triad Fifth
      4:27
      Finding The Third
      6:20
      The Third is Always the Middle Note of a Chord
      6:37
      Finding the Fifth
      7:54
      Count up 4 Half Steps from the 3rd to Find the Fifth
      10:07
      Transposing Triads
      11:04
      Transposing
      11:13
      Example 1: Triads on Black Keys
      13:38
      Example 2: Triads on White Keys
      18:41
      Example 3: Finding the Root
      22:36
      Example 4: Finding the Third
      23:22
      Example 5: Finding the Fifth
      23:40
      Example 6: Playing a Triad on Every Key
      25:22
      Minor Triads

      32m 3s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:07
      C Minor Triad Root
      0:35
      Finding the Root of the Chord
      0:58
      Review of Major Triad
      1:15
      How to Write a Minor Triad
      1:28
      Writing the C Minor Triad on the Staff
      1:57
      Major Triads are Labeled with an Uppercase I, But Minor Triads are Labeled with a Lowercase i
      2:22
      C Minor Triad Third
      2:39
      Using Half Step Pattern to Find the Third
      2:55
      Finding the Minor Third Using 4 Half Steps
      3:33
      C Minor Triad Fifth
      4:06
      Using Half Step Pattern to Find the Fifth
      4:24
      Finding the Minor Fifth Using 5 Half Steps
      4:38
      Half Step Pattern of Major and Minor Chords are Opposite
      5:39
      Finding the Third
      6:13
      Converting D Major to D Minor by Lowering the Third
      6:37
      Using Key Signature to Find Minor Chord
      7:37
      Writing Out a D Minor Chord
      7:54
      Finding the Fifth
      8:22
      Finding the B Flat Minor Chord Using Half Step Pattern
      8:54
      Playing a B Flat Major and B Flat Minor Scale
      10:14
      Writing the B Flat Minor Chord on the Staff
      11:09
      Transposing Minor Triads
      11:42
      Finding the A Major Chord by Counting Steps
      11:56
      Writing the Sharps of A Major
      12:53
      Finding A Major on the Keyboard
      13:23
      Finding A Minor on the Keyboard by Counting Steps
      13:40
      Playing A Major Scale on the Keyboard
      13:59
      Playing A Minor Scale on the Keyboard
      14:10
      A Minor Doesn't Have Any Accidentals
      14:40
      Finding D Flat Minor Chord
      15:32
      The Only Difference Between a Major and Minor Chord is the Third
      16:54
      Example 1: Finding Minor Triads on Black Keys
      17:01
      Relative Major and Minor
      20:50
      Example 2: Finding Minor Triads on White Keys
      23:08
      Example 3: Finding the Root
      26:50
      Example 4: Finding the Third
      27:13
      Example 5: Finding the Fifth
      27:27
      Example 6: Playing a Minor Triad on Every Key
      29:24
      Augmented Chords

      21m 8s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:10
      C Augmented Chord
      0:29
      The Third of an Augmented Chord is the Same as the Third of a Major Chord
      0:55
      There are 5 Half Steps Between the Root and Third of an Augmented Chord
      1:14
      There are 5 Half Steps Between the Third and the Fifth of an Augmented Third
      1:31
      Writing an Augmented Chord on the Staff
      2:33
      How to Label an Augmented Chord
      2:49
      D Augmented Chord
      2:57
      Counting Half Steps to Find the D Augmented Chord
      3:03
      Listening to the D Augmented Chord
      3:45
      E Augmented Chord
      4:21
      Counting Half Steps to Find the E Augmented Chord
      4:31
      Writing the E Augmented Chord on the Staff
      5:16
      F Augmented Chord
      6:19
      Counting Half Steps to Find the F Augmented Chord
      6:26
      Listening to the F Augmented Chord
      7:28
      G Augmented Chord
      7:53
      Writing the G Augmented Chord on the Staff
      8:04
      A Augmented Chord
      8:30
      Counting Half Steps to Find the A Augmented Chord
      8:40
      Listening to the A Augmented Chord
      9:10
      B Augmented Chord
      9:39
      Counting Half Steps to Find the B Augmented Chord
      9:50
      The B Augmented Chord Has a Double Sharp
      10:20
      Example 1: Playing C Augmented, Writing C Augmented
      11:19
      Example 2: Playing D Augmented, Writing D Augmented
      12:03
      Example 3: Playing E Augmented, Writing E Augmented
      13:21
      Example 4: Playing F Augmented, Writing F Augmented
      14:47
      Example 5: Playing G Augmented, Writing G Augmented
      16:19
      Example 6: Playing A Augmented, Writing A Augmented
      16:55
      Example 7: Playing B Augmented, Writing B Augmented
      17:40
      Diminished Chords

      19m 5s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:07
      C Diminished Chord
      0:28
      Diminished Chords are Made Up of Two Minor Thirds
      0:40
      Counting Half Steps to Find the C Diminished Chord
      0:50
      Listening to the C Diminished Chord
      1:20
      Reviewing the C Augmented Chord
      1:41
      D Diminished Chord
      2:34
      Counting Half Steps to Find the D Diminished Chord
      2:38
      Listening to the D Diminished Chord
      3:00
      E Diminished Chord
      4:11
      Counting Half Steps to Find the E Diminished Chord
      4:18
      Writing the E Diminished Chord on the Staff
      5:16
      F Diminished Chord
      5:24
      Counting Half Steps to Find the F Diminished Chord
      5:30
      Listening to the F Diminished Chord
      5:50
      G Diminished Chord
      6:42
      Counting Half Steps to Find the G Diminished Chord
      6:44
      Listening to the G Diminished Chord
      7:05
      A Diminished Chord
      8:29
      Counting Half Steps to Find the A Diminished Chord
      8:50
      Listening to the A Diminished Chord
      9:05
      Listening to the A Minor Chord
      9:13
      Listening to the A Major Chord
      9:25
      Listening to the A Augmented Chord
      9:32
      B Diminished Chord
      10:00
      Counting Half Steps to Find the B Diminished Chord
      10:09
      Listening to the B Diminished Chord
      10:27
      Listening to the B Augmented Chord
      10:35
      Listening to the B Major Chord
      10:42
      Listening to the B Minor Chord
      10:45
      Example 1: Playing D Flat Diminished, Writing D Flat Diminished
      11:42
      Example 2: Playing E Flat Diminished, Writing E Flat Diminished
      13:05
      Example 3: Playing F# Diminished, Writing F# Diminished
      14:01
      Example 4: Playing A Flat Diminished, Writing A Flat Diminished
      14:51
      Example 5: Playing B Flat Diminished, Writing B Flat Diminished
      16:36
      Section 12: Figured Bass
      Roman Numeral Notation in Major & Minor

      28m 53s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:09
      Major I
      0:35
      Creating Chords on Every Scale Degree
      0:50
      Review of Using Half Steps to Write a Major Chord
      1:27
      Labeling a Major Chord as I
      2:08
      Major ii
      2:20
      ii is a Minor Chord
      2:34
      Major iii
      2:48
      iii is a Minor Chord
      3:04
      Major IV
      3:10
      IV is a Major Chord
      3:12
      Major V
      3:27
      V is a Major Chord
      3:31
      Major vi
      3:37
      vi is a Minor Chord
      3:40
      Major vii0
      4:10
      vii0 is a Diminished Chord
      4:14
      A Diminished Chord is Two Minor Intervals Stacked on Top of Each Other
      4:40
      Natural Minor i
      6:24
      Review of Minor Scale's Lowered Scale Degrees
      6:30
      Natural Minor ii0
      6:59
      ii0 is a Diminished Chord
      7:27
      Natural Minor III
      7:38
      III is a Major Chord
      7:43
      Natural Minor iv
      8:01
      iv is a Minor Chord
      8:17
      Natural Minor v
      8:23
      v is a Minor Chord
      8:55
      Natural Minor VI
      9:04
      VI is a Major Chord
      9:12
      Natural Minor VII
      9:22
      VII is a Major Chord
      9:28
      Review of Natural Minor Chords on Every Scale Degree
      9:36
      Harmonic Minor i
      10:44
      Review of Harmonic Minor Scale
      10:52
      Harmonic Minor ii0
      12:00
      Harmonic Minor III+
      12:08
      III+ is an Augmented Chord
      12:19
      An Augmented Chord is Made Up of Two Major Intervals
      12:31
      Harmonic Minor iv
      12:54
      Harmonic Minor V
      13:08
      Harmonic Minor VI
      13:33
      Harmonic Minor vii0
      13:50
      Review of Harmonic Minor Chords on Every Scale Degree
      13:56
      Listening to the Harmonic Minor Chords on Every Scale Degree
      14:41
      Melodic Minor (Ascending) i
      15:24
      Review of Melodic Minor Scale
      15:33
      Melodic Minor (Ascending) ii
      16:43
      Melodic Minor (Ascending) III+
      17:13
      Melodic Minor (Ascending) IV
      17:37
      Melodic Minor (Ascending) V
      17:57
      Melodic Minor (Ascending) vi0
      18:16
      Melodic Minor (Ascending) vii0
      18:43
      Review of Melodic Minor Chords on Every Scale Degree (Ascending)
      18:48
      Listening of Melodic Minor Chords on Every Scale Degree (Ascending)
      20:06
      Example 1: Major Scale Chord Notation
      21:02
      Example 2: Natural Minor Scale Chord Notation
      22:58
      Example 3: Harmonic Minor Chord Notation
      24:59
      Example 4: Melodic Minor Chord Notation
      26:50
      Section 13: Chords and Inversions
      Seventh Chords

      16m 52s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:11
      A Seventh Chord is a Triad With An Added Third
      0:23
      Listening to a Seventh Chord
      0:35
      Writing a Seventh Chord on the Staff
      1:05
      Major-Major Seventh Chord, Major Triad + Major Seventh
      1:18
      Listening to a Major-Major Seventh Chord
      1:52
      Major-Minor Seventh Chord, Major Triad + Minor Seventh
      2:29
      Notating a Major-Minor Seventh Chord with a 7
      2:48
      Listening to a Major-Minor Seventh Chord
      2:58
      Minor-Minor Seventh Chord, Minor Triad + Minor Seventh
      3:34
      Listening to a Minor-Minor Seventh Chord
      3:55
      Notating a Minor-Minor Seventh Chord
      4:57
      Half Diminished Seventh Chord, Diminished Triad + Minor Seventh
      5:06
      Writing a Half Diminished Seventh Chord
      5:24
      Listening to a Half Diminished Seventh Chord
      5:40
      Fully Diminished Seventh Chord, Diminished Triad + Diminished Seventh
      7:18
      Writing a Fully Diminished Seventh Chord
      7:34
      Listening to a Fully Diminished Seventh Chord
      8:02
      Notating a Fully Diminished Seventh Chord
      8:44
      Example 1: Major-Major Seventh
      9:46
      Example 2: Major-Minor Seventh
      10:50
      Example 3: Minor-Minor Seventh
      11:54
      Example 4: Half-Diminished Seventh
      13:07
      Example 5: Fully Diminished Seventh
      14:42
      Chord Inversions

      22m 51s

      Intro
      0:00
      Lesson Objectives
      0:07
      Root Position Triad (5)/(3)
      0:15
      Root Position G Major
      0:33
      What the 5 and 3 Represent
      1:00
      Figured Bass
      1:14
      Listening to the I Chord
      1:55
      No Need to Write 5/3
      2:15
      First Inversion Triad 6/(3)
      2:22
      Why We Write the 6 but Omit the 3
      2:39
      What First Inversion Means
      3:17
      Listening to the I6 Chord
      3:25
      Second Inversion Triad 6/4
      4:21
      Fifth Note Becomes the Root
      4:29
      What the 6 and the 4 Represent
      4:42
      Listening to the I6/4 Chord
      5:30
      Root Position Seventh Chord 7
      6:47
      I7 Represents a Seventh Chord
      6:55
      Listening to the I7 Chord
      7:31
      First Inversion Seventh Chord 6/5/(3)
      7:45
      Moving the Tonic to the Top to Create a First Inversion Seventh Chord
      8:03
      Explanation of Notation 6/5
      8:18
      Listening to the I6/5 Chord
      9:55
      Second Inversion Seventh Chord (6)/4/3
      11:14
      Moving the Tonic and Submediant to the Top to Create the Second Inversion Seventh Chord
      11:25
      Explanation of Notation 4/3
      11:52
      Listening to the I4/3 Chord
      13:27
      Third Inversion Seventh Chord (6)/4/2
      14:08
      Moving the Tonic, Submediant, and Dominant to the Top to Create a Third Inversion Seventh Chord
      14:20
      Listening to the I4/2 Chord
      15:05
      Example 1: A Major Root Position
      15:47
      Example 2: A Major First Inversion
      16:03
      Example 3: A Major Second Inversion
      16:25
      Example 4: V7
      17:48
      Example 5: V6/5
      18:27
      Example 6: V6/4/3
      18:59
      Example 7: V6/4/2
      19:38
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