Home » Physics » AP Physics B » Motion in Two Dimensions, Part 2: Circular Dimension

Professor Jishi

Professor Jishi

Motion in Two Dimensions, Part 2: Circular Dimension

Slide Duration:

Table of Contents

Section 1: Mechanics
Introduction to Physics (Basic Math)

1h 17m 37s

Intro
0:00
What is Physics?
1:35
Physicists and Philosophers
1:57
Differences Between
2:48
Experimental Observations
3:20
Laws (Mathematical)
3:48
Modification of Laws/Experiments
4:24
Example: Newton's Laws of Mechanics
5:38
Example: Einstein's Relativity
6:18
Units
8:50
Various Units
9:37
SI Units
10:02
Length (meter)
10:18
Mass (kilogram)
10:35
Time (second)
10:51
MKS Units (meter kilogram second)
11:04
Definition of Second
11:55
Definition of Meter
14:06
Definition of Kilogram
15:21
Multiplying/Dividing Units
19:10
Trigonometry Overview
21:24
Sine and Cosine
21:31
Pythagorean Theorem
23:44
Tangent
24:15
Sine and Cosine of Angles
24:35
Similar Triangles
25:54
Right Triangle (Oppposite, Adjacent, Hypotenuse)
28:16
Other Angles (30-60-90)
29:16
Law of Cosines
31:38
Proof of Law of Cosines
33:03
Law of Sines
37:03
Proof of Law of Sines
38:03
Scalars and Vectors
41:00
Scalar: Magnitude
41:22
Vector: Magnitude and Direction
41:52
Examples
42:31
Extra Example 1: Unit Conversion
-1
Extra Example 2: Law of Cosines
-2
Extra Example 3: Dimensional Analysis
-3
Vector Addition

1h 10m 31s

Intro
0:00
Graphical Method
0:10
Magnitude and Direction of Two Vectors
0:40
Analytical Method or Algebraic Method
8:45
Example: Addition of Vectors
9:12
Parallelogram Rule
11:42
Law of Cosines
14:22
Law of Sines
18:32
Components of a Vector
21:35
Example: Vector Components
23:30
Introducing Third Dimension
31:14
Right Handed System
33:06
Specifying a Vector
34:44
Example: Calculate the Components of Vector
36:33
Vector Addition by Means of Components
41:23
Equality of Vectors
47:11
Dot Product
48:39
Extra Example 1: Vector Addition
-1
Extra Example 2: Angle Between Vectors
-2
Extra Example 3: Vector Addition
-3
Motion in One Dimension

1h 19m 35s

Intro
0:00
Position, Distance, and Displacement
0:12
Position of the Object
0:30
Distance Travelled by The Object
5:34
Displacement of The Object
9:05
Average Speed Over a Certain Time Interval
14:46
Example Of an Object
15:15
Example: Calculating Average Speed
20:19
Average Velocity Over a Time Interval
22:22
Example Calculating Average Velocity of an Object
22:45
Instantaneous Velocity
30:45
Average Acceleration Over a Time Interval
40:50
Example: Average Acceleration of an Object
42:01
Instantaneous Acceleration
47:17
Example: Acceleration of Time T
47:33
Example with Realistic Equation
49:52
Motion With Constant Acceleration: Kinematics Equation
53:39
Example: Motion of an Object with Constant Acceleration
53:55
Extra Example 1: Uniformly Accelerated Motion
-1
Extra Example 2: Catching up with a Car
-2
Extra Example 3: Velocity and Acceleration
-3
Kinematics Equation Of Calculus

59m

Intro
0:00
The Derivative
0:12
Idea of a Derivative
0:27
Derivative of a function X= df/dx
6:55
Example: F(x)=Constant c
7:22
Example: F(x)= X
9:37
Example: F(x)= AX
11:29
Example: F(x)= X squared
12:30
Example: F(x)= X cubed
15:23
Example: F(x) =SinX
16:24
Example: F(x) =CosX
16:30
Product of Functions
16:56
Example: F(x) = X (squared) Sin X
17:15
Quotient Rule
23:03
Example: F(x)=uV-vU/V2
23:48
Kinematics of Equation
25:10
First Kinematic Equation : V=Vo+aT
31:13
Extra Example 1: Particle on X-Axis
-1
Extra Example 2: Graphical Analysis
-2
Freely Falling Objects

1h 28m 59s

Intro
0:00
Acceleration Due to Gravity
0:11
Dropping an Object at Certain Height
0:25
Signs : V , A , D
7:07
Example: Shooting an Object Upwards
7:34
Example: Ground To Ground
12:13
Velocity at Maximum Height
14:30
Time From Ground to Ground
23:10
Shortcut: Calculate Time Spent in Air
24:07
Example: Object Short Downwards
30:19
Object Short Downwards From a Height H
30:30
Use of Quadratic Formula
36:23
Example: Bouncing Ball
41:00
Ball Released From Certain Height
41:22
Time Until Stationary
43:10
Coefficient of Restitution
46:40
Example: Bouncing Ball. Continued
53:02
Extra Example 1: Object Shot Off Cliff
-1
Extra Example 2: Object Released Off Roof
-2
Extra Example 3: Rubber Ball (Coefficient of Restitution)
-3
Motion in Two Dimensions, Part 1

1h 8m 38s

Intro
0:00
Position, Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration
0:10
Position of an Object in X-Y Plane
0:19
Displacement of an Object
2:48
Average Velocity
4:30
Instantaneous Velocity at Time T
5:22
Acceleration of Object
8:49
Projectile Motion
9:57
Object Shooting at Angle
10:15
Object Falling Vertically
14:48
Velocity of an Object
18:17
Displacement of an Object
19:20
Initial Velocity Remains Constant
21:24
Deriving Equation of a Parabola
25:23
Example: Shooting a Soccer Ball
25:25
Time Ball Spent in Air (Ignoring Air Resistance)
27:48
Range of Projectile
34:49
Maximum Height Reached by the Projectile
36:25
Example: Shooting an Object Horizontally
40:38
Time Taken for Shooting
42:34
Range
46:01
Velocity Hitting Ground
46:30
Extra Example 1: Projectile Shot with an Angle
-1
Extra Example 2: What Angle
-2
Motion in Two Dimensions, Part 2: Circular Dimension

1h 1m 54s

Intro
0:00
Uniform Circular Motion
0:15
Object Moving in a Circle at Constant Speed
0:26
Calculation Acceleration
3:30
Change in Velocity
3:45
Magnitude of Acceleration
14:21
Centripetal Acceleration
18:15
Example: Earth Rotating Around The Sun
18:42
Center of the Earth
20:45
Distance Travelled in Making One Revolution
21:34
Acceleration of the Revolution
23:37
Tangential Acceleration and Radial Acceleration
25:35
If Magnitude and Direction Change During Travel
26:22
Tangential Acceleration
27:45
Example: Car on a Curved Road
29:50
Finding Total Acceleration at Time T if Car is at Rest
31:13
Extra Example 1: Centripetal Acceleration on Earth
-1
Extra Example 2: Pendulum Acceleration
-2
Extra Example 3: Radius of Curvature
-3
Newton's Laws of Motion

1h 29m 51s

Intro
0:00
Force
0:21
Contact Force (Push or Pull)
1:02
Field Forces
1:49
Gravity
2:06
Electromagnetic Force
2:43
Strong Force
4:12
Weak Force
5:17
Contact Force as Electromagnetic Force
6:08
Focus on Contact Force and Gravitational Force
6:50
Newton's First Law
7:37
Statement of First Law of Motion
7:50
Uniform Motion (Velocity is Constant)
9:38
Inertia
10:39
Newton's Second Law
11:19
Force as a Vector
11:35
Statement of Second Law of Motion
12:02
Force (Formula)
12:22
Example: 1 Force
13:04
Newton (Unit of Force)
13:31
Example: 2 Forces
14:09
Newton's Third Law
19:38
Action and Reaction Law
19:46
Statement of Third Law of Motion
19:58
Example: 2 Objects
20:15
Example: Objects in Contact
21:54
Example: Person on Earth
22:54
Gravitational Force and the Weight of an Object
24:01
Force of Attraction Formula
24:42
Point Mass and Spherical Objects
26:56
Example: Gravity on Earth
28:37
Example: 1 kg on Earth
35:31
Friction
37:09
Normal Force
37:14
Example: Small Force
40:01
Force of Static Friction
43:09
Maximum Force of Static Friction
46:03
Values of Coefficient of Static Friction
47:37
Coefficient of Kinetic Friction
47:53
Force of Kinetic Friction
48:27
Example: Horizontal Force
49:36
Example: Angled Force
52:36
Extra Example 1: Wire Tension
-1
Extra Example 2: Car Friction
-2
Extra Example 3: Big Block and Small Block
-3
Applications of Newton's Laws, Part 1: Inclines

1h 24m 35s

Intro
0:00
Acceleration on a Frictionless Incline
0:35
Force Action on the Object(mg)
1:31
Net Force Acting on the Object
2:20
Acceleration Perpendicular to Incline
8:45
Incline is Horizontal Surface
11:30
Example: Object on an Inclined Surface
13:40
Rough Inclines and Static Friction
20:23
Box Sitting on a Rough Incline
20:49
Maximum Values of Static Friction
25:20
Coefficient of Static Friction
27:53
Acceleration on a Rough Incline
29:00
Kinetic Friction on Rough Incline
29:15
Object Moving up the Incline
33:20
Net force on the Object
36:36
Example: Time to Reach the Bottom of an Incline
41:50
Displacement is 5m Down the Incline
45:26
Velocity of the Object Down the Incline
47:49
Extra Example 1: Bottom of Incline
-1
Extra Example 2: Incline with Initial Velocity
-2
Extra Example 3: Moving Down an Incline
-3
Applications of Newton's Laws, Part 2: Strings and Pulleys

1h 10m 3s

Intro
0:00
Atwood's Machine
0:19
Object Attached to a String
0:39
Tension on a String
2:15
Two Objects Attached to a String
2:23
Pulley Fixed to the Ceiling, With Mass M1 , M2
4:53
Applying Newton's 2nd Law to Calculate Acceleration on M1, M2
9:21
One Object on a Horizontal Surface: Frictionless Case
17:36
Connecting Two Unknowns, Tension and Acceleration
20:27
One Object on a Horizontal Surface: Friction Case
23:57
Two Objects Attached to a String with a Pulley
24:14
Applying Newton's 2nd Law
26:04
Tension of an Object Pulls to the Right
27:31
One of the Object is Incline : Frictionless Case
32:59
Sum of Two Forces on Mass M2
34:39
If M1g is Larger Than M2g
36:29
One of the Object is Incline : Friction Case
40:29
Coefficient of Kinetic Friction
41:18
Net Force Acting on M2
45:12
Extra Example 1: Two Masses on Two Strings
-1
Extra Example 2: Three Objects on Rough Surface
-2
Extra Example 3: Acceleration of a Block
-3
Accelerating Frames

1h 13m 28s

Intro
0:00
What Does a Scale Measure
0:11
Example: Elevator on a Scale
0:22
Normal Force
4:57
Apparent Weight in an Elevator
7:42
Example: Elevator Starts Moving Upwards
9:05
Net Force (Newton's Second Law)
11:34
Apparent Weight
14:36
Pendulum in an Accelerating Train
15:58
Example: Object Hanging on the Ceiling of a Train
16:15
Angle In terms of Increased Acceleration
22:04
Mass and Spring in an Accelerating Truck
23:40
Example: Spring on a Stationary Truck
23:55
Surface of Truck is Frictionless
27:38
Spring is Stretched by distance X
28:40
Cup of Coffee
29:55
Example: Moving Train and Stationary Objects inside Train
30:05
Train Moving With Acceleration A
32:45
Force of Static Friction Acting on Cup
36:30
Extra Example 1: Train Slows with Pendulum
-1
Extra Example 2: Person in Elevator Releases Object
-2
Extra Example 3: Hanging Object in Elevator
-3
Circular Motion, Part 1

1h 1m 15s

Intro
0:00
Object Attached to a String Moving in a Horizontal Circle
0:09
Net Force on Object (Newton's Second Law)
1:51
Force on an Object
3:03
Tension of a String
4:40
Conical Pendulum
5:40
Example: Object Attached to a String in a Horizontal Circle
5:50
Weight of an Object Vertically Down
8:05
Velocity And Acceleration in Vertical Direction
11:20
Net Force on an Object
13:02
Car on a Horizontal Road
16:09
Net Force on Car (Net Vertical Force)
18:03
Frictionless Road
18:43
Road with Friction
22:41
Maximum Speed of Car Without Skidding
26:05
Banked Road
28:13
Road Inclined at an Angle ø
28:32
Force on Car
29:50
Frictionless Road
30:45
Road with Friction
36:22
Extra Example 1: Object Attached to Rod with Two Strings
-1
Extra Example 2: Car on Banked Road
-2
Extra Example 3: Person Held Up in Spinning Cylinder
-3
Circular Motion, Part 2

50m 29s

Intro
0:00
Normal Force by a Pilot Seat
0:14
Example : Pilot Rotating in a Circle r and Speed s
0:33
Pilot at Vertical Position in a Circle of Radius R
4:18
Net Force on Pilot Towards Center (At Bottom)
5:53
Net Force on Pilot Towards Center (At Top)
7:55
Object Attached to a String in Vertical Motion
10:46
Example: Object in a Circle Attached to String
10:59
Case 1: Object with speed v and Object is at Bottom
11:30
Case 2: Object at Top in Vertical Motion
15:24
Object at Angle ø (General Position)
17:48
2 Radial Forces (Inward & Outward)
20:32
Tension of String
23:44
Extra Example 1: Pail of Water in Vertical Circle
-1
Extra Example 2: Roller Coaster Vertical Circle
-2
Extra Example 3: Bead in Frictionless Loop
-3
Work

1h 27m 50s

Work Done by a Constant Force
0:09
Example: Force f on Object Moved a Displacement d in Same Direction
0:24
Force Applied on Object at Angle ø and Displacement d
2:00
Work Done
3:59
Force Perpendicular to Displacement (No Work)
5:40
Example: Lifting an Object from the Surface of Earth to Height h
5:58
Total Work Done
7:39
Example: Object on an Inclined Surface
8:08
Example: Object on Truck
10:18
Work Done on a Box with No Friction
11:05
Work Done with Static Friction
14:38
Stretching or Compressing a Spring
14:50
Example: Stretching a Spring
15:20
Work Done in Stretching a Spring
15:51
Spring Stretched Amount A
17:00
Spring Stretched Amount B With Constant Velocity
17:59
Force at Starting
19:29
Force at End
19:51
Total Displacement
20:43
Average Force
21:20
Work Done
21:51
Compressing a Spring
23:32
Work Kinetic Energy Theorem
24:02
Object Mass M on Frictionless Surface
24:32
Object Moved a Displacement d With Acceleration a
26:20
Work Done on an Object by Net Force (Kinetic Energy Theorem)
28:41
Example: Object at Height
30:39
Force on Object
32:25
Work Energy Theorem
34:14
Block Pulled on a Rough Horizontal Surface
35:14
Object on a Surface with Friction
35:26
Coefficient of Kinetic Friction
35:50
Work Done by Net Force = Change in K.E
38:09
Applying a Force on an Object at an Angle ø and Displacement d
39:40
Net Force
43:30
Work Done
44:03
Potential Energy of a System
44:39
Potential Energy of Two or More Objects
45:28
Example: Object of Mass m at Height h
46:15
Earth and Object in Position
46:56
Potential Energy, u=mgh
49:05
Absolute Value of Potential Energy
49:55
Example: Two Objects at Different Heights
50:47
Elastic Potential Energy in a Spring Block System
52:03
Example: Spring of Mass m Stretching
52:30
Work Done Stretching a Spring
54:29
Power
55:24
Work Done by an Object
56:13
Rate of Doing Work
56:41
Extra Example 1: Work Done, Block on Horizontal Surface
-1
Extra Example 2: Object and Compressed Spring
-2
Extra Example 3: Person Running
-3
Conservation of Energy, Part 1

1h 24m 49s

Intro
0:00
Total Energy of an Isolated System
0:13
Example: Object in an Empty Space
2:22
Force Applied on an Object
3:25
Hot Object t in Vacuum
4:09
Hot Object Placed in Cold Water
5:32
Isolated System (Conservation of Energy)
7:15
Example: Earth and Object (Isolated System)
8:29
Energy May be Transformed from One Form to Another
13:05
Forms of Energy
13:30
Example: Earth Object System
14:17
Example: Object Falls from Height h (Transform of Energy)
16:12
Example: Object Moving on a Rough Surface
17:54
Spring-Block System: Horizontal System
20:52
Example: System of Block & Spring
21:03
Conservation of Energy
26:49
Velocity of Object at Any Point
27:39
Spring-Loaded Gun Shot Upwards
29:02
Example: Spring on a Surface Being Compressed
29:19
Speed of Pendulum
37:43
Example: Object Suspended from Ceiling with String
38:07
Swinging the Pendulum at Angle ø From Rest
39:00
Cart on a Circular Track: Losing Contact
45:47
Example: Cart on Circular Track (Frictionless)
46:13
When Does the Cart Lose Contact
49:16
Setting Fn=0 When an Object Loses Contact
52:51
Velocity of anObject at Angle ø (Conservation of Energy)
53:47
Extra Example 1: Mass on Track to Loop
-1
Extra Example 2: Pendulum Released from Rest
-2
Extra Example 3: Object Dropped onto Spring
-3
Conservation of Energy, Part 2

1h 2m 52s

Intro
0:00
Block Spring Collision
0:16
Spring Attached to Mass
0:31
Frictionless Surface
0:51
Object Collides with a Spring and Stops
1:51
Amount of Compression in a Spring
3:39
Surface with Friction
4:17
Object Collidse with Spring (Object Stops at Collision)
4:51
Force of Friction
9:18
Object Sliding Down an Incline
10:58
Example: Object on Inclined Surface
11:15
Frictionless Case to Find Velocity of an Object
12:08
Object at Rough Inclined Surface(Friction Case)
14:52
Heat Produced
16:30
Object Arrives at Lesser Speed with Friction
21:11
Connected Object in Motion
22:35
Two Objects Connected Over a Pulley ,Spring Connected to One Object
22:47
Coefficient of Friction (Initial & Final Configuration at Rest)
25:27
Object of m1 at Height h
27:40
If No Friction
29:51
Amount of Heat Produced In Presence of Friction
30:31
Extra Example 1: Objects and Springs
-1
Extra Example 2: Mass against Horizontal Spring
-2
Collisions, Part 1

1h 31m 19s

Intro
0:00
Linear Momentum
0:10
Example: Object of Mass m with Velocity v
0:25
Example: Object Bounced on a Wall
1:08
Momentum of Object Hitting a Wall
2:20
Change in Momentum
4:10
Force is the Rate of Change of Momentum
4:30
Force=Mass*Acceleration (Newton's Second Law)
4:45
Impulse
10:24
Example: Baseball Hitting a Bat
10:40
Force Applied for a Certain Time
11:50
Magnitude Plot of Force vs Time
13:35
Time of Contact of Baseball = 2 milliseconds (Average Force by Bat)
17:42
Collision Between Two Particles
22:40
Two Objects Collide at Time T
23:00
Both Object Exerts Force on Each Other (Newton's Third Law)
24:28
Collision Time
25:42
Total Momentum Before Collision = Total momentums After Collision
32:52
Collision
33:58
Types of Collisions
34:13
Elastic Collision ( Mechanical Energy is Conserved)
34:38
Collision of Particles in Atoms
35:50
Collision Between Billiard Balls
36:54
Inelastic Collision (Rubber Ball)
39:40
Two Objects Collide and Stick (Completely Inelastic)
40:35
Completely Inelastic Collision
41:07
Example: Two Objects Colliding
41:23
Velocity After Collision
42:14
Heat Produced=Initial K.E-Final K.E
47:13
Ballistic Pendulum
47:37
Example: Determine the Speed of a Bullet
47:50
Mass Swings with Bulled Embedded
49:20
Kinetic Energy of Block with the Bullet
50:28
Extra Example 1: Ball Strikes a Wall
-1
Extra Example 2: Clay Hits Block
-2
Extra Example 3: Bullet Hits Block
-3
Extra Example 4: Child Runs onto Sled
-4
Collisions, Part 2

1h 18m 48s

Intro
0:00
Elastic Collision: One Object Stationary
0:28
Example: Stationary Object and Moving Object
0:42
Conservation of Momentum
2:48
Mechanical Energy Conservation
3:43
Elastic Collision: Both Objects Moving
17:34
Example: Both Objects Moving Towards Each Other
17:48
Kinetic Energy Conservation
19:20
Collision With a Spring-Block System
29:17
Example: Object of Mass Moving with Velocity
29:30
Object Attached to Spring of Mass with Velocity
29:50
Two Objects Attached to a Spring
31:30
Compression of Spring after Collision
33:41
Before Collision: Total Energy (Conservation of Energy)
37:25
After Collision: Total Energy
38:49
Collision in Two Dimensions
42:29
Object Stationary and Other Object is Moving
42:46
Head on Collision (In 1 Dimension)
44:07
Momentum Before Collision
45:45
Momentum After Collision
46:06
If Collision is Elastic (Conservation of Kinetic Energy) Before Collision
50:29
Example
51:58
Objects Moving in Two Directions
52:33
Objects Collide and Stick Together (Inelastic Collision)
53:28
Conservation of Momentum
54:17
Momentum in X-Direction
54:27
Momentum in Y-Direction
56:15
Maximum Height after Collision
-1
Extra Example 2: Two Objects Hitting a Spring
-2
Extra Example 3: Mass Hits and Sticks
-3
Rotation of a Rigid Body About a Fixed Axis

1h 13m 20s

Intro
0:00
Particle in Circular Motion
0:11
Specify a Position of a Particle
0:55
Radian
3:02
Angular Displacement
8:50
Rotation of a Rigid Body
15:36
Example: Rotating Disc
16:17
Disk at 5 Revolution/Sec
17:24
Different Points on a Disk Have Different Speeds
21:56
Angular Velocity
23:03
Constant Angular Acceleration: Kinematics
31:11
Rotating Disc
31:42
Object Moving Along x-Axis (Linear Case)
33:05
If Alpha= Constant
35:15
Rotational Kinetic Energy
42:11
Rod in X-Y Plane, Fixed at Center
42:43
Kinetic Energy
46:45
Moment of Inertia
52:46
Moment of Inertia for Certain Shapes
54:06
Rod at Center
54:47
Ring
55:45
Disc
56:35
Cylinder
56:56
Sphere
57:20
Extra Example 1: Rotating Wheel
-1
Extra Example 2: Two Spheres Attached to Rotating Rod
-2
Static Equilibrium

1h 38m 57s

Intro
0:00
Torque
0:09
Introduction to Torque
0:16
Rod in X-Y Direction
0:30
Particle in Equilibrium
18:15
Particle in Equilibrium, Net Force=0
18:30
Extended Object Like a Rod
19:13
Conditions of Equilibrium
26:34
Forces Acting on Object (Proof of Torque)
31:46
The Lever
35:38
Rod on Lever with Two Masses
35:51
Standing on a Supported Beam
40:53
Example : Wall and Beam Rope Connect Beam and Wall
41:00
Net Force
45:38
Net Torque
48:33
Finding ø
52:50
Ladder About to Slip
53:38
Example: Finding Angle ø Where Ladder Doesn't slip
53:44
Extra Example 1: Bear Retrieving Basket
-1
Extra Example 2: Sliding Cabinet
-2
Simple Harmonic Motion

1h 33m 39s

Intro
0:00
(Six x)/x
0:09
(Sin x)/x Lim-->0
0:17
Definition of Sine
5:57
Sine Expressed in Radians
8:09
Example: Sin(5.73)
9:26
Derivative Sin(Ax+b)
12:14
f(x)=Sin(ax+b)
13:11
Sin(α+β)
14:56
Derivative Cos(Ax+b)
20:05
F(x)=Cos(Ax+b)
20:10
Harmonic Oslillation: Equation of Motion
26:00
Example: Object Attached to Spring
26:25
Object is Oscillating
27:04
Force Acting on Object F=m*a
31:21
Equation of Motion
34:41
Solution to The Equation of Motion
36:40
x(t) Funtion of time
38:50
x=Cos(ωt+ø) Taking Derivative
41:33
Period
50:37
Pull The Spring With Mass and Time t Released
50:54
Calculating Time Period =A cos(ωt - φ)
52:53
Energy of Harmonic Oscillator
55:59
Energy of The Oscillator
56:58
Pendulum
58:10
Mass Attached to String and Swing
58:20
Extra Example 1: Two Springs Attached to Wall
-1
Extra Example 2: Simple Pendulum
-2
Extra Example 3: Block and Spring Oscillation
-3
Universal Gravitation

1h 9m 20s

Intro
0:00
Newton's Law of Gravity
0:09
Two Particles of Mass m1,m2
1:22
Force of Attraction
3:02
Sphere and Small Particle of Mass m
4:39
Two Spheres
5:35
Variation of g With Altitude
7:24
Consider Earth as an Object
7:33
Force Applied To Object
9:27
At or Near Surface of Earth
11:51
Satellites
15:39
Earth and Satellite
15:45
Geosynchronous Satellite
21:25
Gravitational Potential Energy
27:32
Object and Earth Potential Energy=mgh
24:45
P.E=0 When Objects are Infinitely Separated
30:32
Total Energy
38:28
If Object is Very Far From Earth, R=Infinity
40:25
Escape
42:33
Shoot an Object Which Should Not Come Back Down
43:06
Conservation of Energy
48:48
Object at Maximum Height (K.E=0)
45:22
Escape Velocity (Rmax = Infinity)
46:50
Extra Example 1: Density of Earth and Moon
-1
Extra Example 2: Satellite Orbiting Earth
-2
Fluids: Statics

1h 41m

Intro
0:00
Mass Density
0:23
Density of Mass Solid
0:33
Density of Liquid
1:06
Density of Gas
1:22
Density of Aluminium
2:03
Desnsity of Water
2:34
Density of Air
2:45
Example: Room
3:11
Pressure
4:59
Pressure at Different Points in Liquid
5:09
Force on Face of Cube
6:40
Molecules Collide on Face of Cube
9:34
Newton's Third Law
10:20
Variation of Pressure With Depth
15:12
Atmospheric Pressure
16:08
Cylinder in a Fluid of Height H
19:40
Hydraulic Press
29:50
Fluid Cylider
30:12
Hydraulics
35:56
Archimedes Principle
40:23
Object in a Fluid (Submerged)
40:55
Volume of a Cylinder
45:24
Mass of Displaced Fluid
45:48
Buoyant Force
47:30
Weighing a Crown
51:03
Crown Suspended on Scale in Air
51:24
Crown Weighed in Water
51:42
Density of Gold
57:20
Extra Example 1: Aluminum Ball in Water
-1
Extra Example 2: Swimming Pool
-2
Extra Example 3: Helium Balloon
-3
Extra Example 4: Ball in Water
-4
Fluids in Motion

1h 8m 43s

Intro
0:00
Ideal Fluid Flow
0:15
Fluid Flow is Steady
0:57
Fluid is Incompressable (Density is Uniform)
2:50
Fluid Flow is Non-Viscous
3:49
Honey
4:10
Water
4:32
Fluid Flow (Rotational)
6:15
Equation of Continuity
9:05
Fluid Flowing in a Pipe
9:20
Fluid Entering Pipe
11:00
Fluid Leaving Pipe
15:26
Garden Hose
21:20
Filling a Bucket
22:30
Speed of Water
24:05
Bernoulli's Equation
28:45
Pipe Varying with Height and Cross Section
29:18
Net Work Done
35:37
Venturi Tube
43:31
Finding V1, V2 with Two Unknowns
46:20
Equation of Continutity
46:55
Extra Example 1: Water in a Pipe
-1
Extra Example 2: Water Tank with Hole
-2
Section 2: Thermodynamics
Temperature

1h 16m 17s

Intro
0:00
Celsius and Fahrenheit
0:20
Thermometer in Ice Water
1:03
Thermometer in Boiling Water
3:03
Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion
10:30
Kelvin Temperature Scale
11:15
Constant Volume Gas Thermometer
11:57
Measuring Temperature of Liquid
12:25
Temperature Increase, Pressure Increase
14:56
Absolute Zero -273.15 Degree/Celsius
22:34
Thermometers
25:44
Thermometric Property
26:14
Constant Volume Gas Thermometer
27:53
Example: Electrical Resistance
29:05
Linear Thermal Expansion
31:40
Heated Metal Rod
31:58
Expansion of Holes
41:05
Sheet of Some Substance and Heat it
41:16
Sheet with Hole
42:04
As Temperature Increases, Hole Expands
46:42
Volume Thermal Expansion
47:02
Cube of Aluminum
47:14
Water Expands More than Glass
53:44
Behavior of Water Near 4c
54:33
Plotting the Density of Water
54:55
Extra Example 1: Volume of Diesel Fuel
-1
Extra Example 2: Brass Pendulum
-2
Heat

1h 22m 1s

Intro
0:00
Heat and Internal Energy
0:09
Cup of Hot Tea, Object is Hot
0:50
Heat Flows From Hot Object to Cold Object
3:06
Internal Energy , Kinetic+Potential Energy of All Atoms
5:50
Specific Heat
9:01
Object of Substance
9:18
Temperature Change by Delta T
10:03
Mass of Water
17:29
Calorimeter
21:35
Calorimeter-Thermal Insulated Container
22:23
Latent Heat
30:23
Ice at 0 degrees
30:52
Heating the Ice
31:15
Water-Latent Heat of Fusion
33:50
Converting Ice from -20 to 0 Degree
38:35
Example: Ice Water
42:10
Water of Mass 0.2 Kg
42:23
Mass of Ice that is Melted
48:23
Transfer Of Heat
48:27
Convection Mass Moment
49:00
Conduction
53:14
Radiation
57:42
Extra Example 1: Electric Heater with Water
-1
Extra Example 2: Mass of Steam
-2
Extra Example 3: Water in Pool
-3
Kinetic Theory of Gases

1h 14m 37s

Intro
0:00
Ideal Gas Law
0:08
Ideal Gas Definition
0:24
1 Mole of Gas
1:49
Avogadro's Number
2:21
Gas in a Container, Pressure Increases with Temperature
6:22
Ideal Gas law
10:30
Boltzmann's Constant
12:49
Example
13:30
Conceptual Example
13:48
Shake and Open the Coke Bottle
14:36
Quantitative Example: Container with Gas
19:50
Heat the Gas to 127 Degrees
20:23
Kinetic Theory
24:06
Container in a Cube Shape
24:16
Molecules Travelling with Velocity v
26:01
Change in Momentum of Molecule Per Second
30:38
Newton's Third law
31:58
Example
45:40
5 Moles of Helium in Container
45:50
Finding Number of Atoms
47:23
Calculating Pressure
48:46
Distribution of Molecules
49:45
Root Mean Square
53:10
Extra Example 1: Helium Gas in Balloon
-1
Extra Example 2: Oxygen Molecules
-2
First Law of Thermodynamics

1h 31m 27s

Intro
0:00
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
0:09
Two Objects in Contact
0:29
Thermometer in Thermal Equilibrium (Exchanged Energy)
5:20
First Law of Thermodynamics
6:06
Monatomic Ideal Gas
6:20
Internal Energy
9:59
Change in Internal Energy of System
18:35
Work Done on a Gas
22:29
Cylinder with Frictionless Piston
22:50
Displacement of Piston
25:11
Under Constant Pressure
27:37
Work Done by Gas
34:24
Example
35:29
Ideal gas, Monatomic Expands Isobarically
35:48
Isobaric: Process at Constant Atmospheric Pressure
37:33
Work Done By Gas
40:21
Example 2
47:19
Steam
47:30
Cylinder with Steam
49:20
Work Done By Gas
51:20
Change in Internal Energy of System
52:53
Extra Example 1: Gas Expanding Isobarically
-1
Extra Example 2: Block of Aluminum
-2
Extra Example 3: Gas in Piston
-3
Thermal Process in an Ideal Gas

1h 47m 16s

Intro
0:00
Isobaric and Isovolumetric Process
0:13
Isobaric Definition
0:24
PV Diagram
0:54
Isovolumetric Process
1:37
Total work done By gas
8:08
Isothermal Expansion
11:20
Isothermal Definition
11:42
Piston on a Container
12:57
Work Done by Gas
22:01
Example
22:09
5 Moles of Helium gas
22:20
Determining T
26:20
Molar Specific Heat
27:11
Heating a Substance
27:30
Ideal Monoatomics Gas
35:15
Temperature Change in Constant Volume
35:31
Temperature Change in Constant Pressure
39:10
Adiabatic Process
48:44
IsoVolumetric Process V=0
48:57
Isobaric Process at P=0
49:15
Isothermal C=0
49:36
Adiabatic Process: Definition
50:33
Extra Example 1: Gas in Cycle
-1
Extra Example 2: Gas Compressed Isothermally
-2
Extra Example 3: Two Compartments of Gas
-3
Heat Engines and Second Law of Thermodynamics

1h 3m 37s

Intro
0:00
Introduction
0:13
Statement of Conservation of Energy
0:44
Flow of Heat from Hot to Cold
3:31
Heat Engines: Kelvin-Plank Statement
4:36
Steam Engine
4:55
Efficiency of Engine
10:49
Kelvin Plank Statement of Second Law
13:25
Example
17:01
Heat Engine with Efficiency 25%
17:10
Work Done During 1 cycle
18:03
Power
20:15
Heat Pump: Clausius Statement
20:47
Refrigerator
26:35
Coefficient of Performance (COP)
27:48
Clausius Statement
34:03
Impossible Engine
35:15
Equivalence of Two Statements
36:51
Suppose Kelvin-Plank Statement is False
38:16
Clausius Statement is False
43:46
Extra Example 1: Heat Engine Cycle
-1
Extra Example 2: Refrigerator
-2
Carnot Engine

1h 36m 57s

Intro
0:00
Reversible Process
0:55
All Real Processes are Irreversible
3:20
Ball Falls Onto Sand
3:49
Heat Flow from Hot to Cold
7:30
Container with Gas and Piston (Frictionless)
9:20
Carnot Engine
15:29
Cylinder With Piston
16:01
Isothermal Expansion
19:15
Insulate Base of Cylinder
19:39
Efficiency
32:40
Work Done by Gas
34:42
Carnot Principle
46:44
Heat Taken From Hot Reservoir
54:40
Example
56:53
Steam Engine with Two Temperatures
57:12
Work Done
59:21
Extra Example 1: Carnot Isothermal Expansion
-1
Extra Example 2: Energy In Out as Heat
-2
Extra Example 3: Gas through Cycle
-3
Entropy and Second Law of Thermodynamics

53m 32s

Intro
0:00
One Way Process
0:40
Hot to Cold (Conserved Energy)
1:12
Gas in a Insulated Container
2:03
Entropy
9:05
Change in Entropy
16:13
System at Constant Temperature
16:35
Insulated Container
19:51
Work Done by Gas
26:40
Second Law of Thermodynamics: Entropy Statement
29:30
Irreversible Process
30:10
Gas Reservoir
33:02
Extra Example 1: Ice Melting
-1
Extra Example 2: Partition with Two Gases
-2
Extra Example 3: Radiation from Sun
-3
Section 3: Waves
Traveling Waves

1h 21m 27s

Intro
0:00
What is a Wave?
0:19
Example: Rod and Swinging Balls
0:55
Huge Number of Atoms
2:35
Disturbance Propagates
5:51
Source of Disturbance
8:25
Wave Propagation
8:50
Mechanism of Medium
10:18
Disturbance Moves
12:19
Types of Waves
12:52
Transverse Wave
13:11
Longitudinal Wave
17:30
Sinusoidal Waves
26:47
Every Cycle has 1 Wavelength
35:15
Time for Each Cycle
36:32
Speed of Wave
37:10
Speed of Wave on Strings
42:24
Formula for Wave Speed
51:11
Example
51:25
String with Blade Generate Pulse
51:35
Reflection of Waves
55:18
String Fixed at End
55:37
Wave Inverted
58:31
Wave on a Frictionless Ring
58:52
Free End: No Inverted Reflection
1:00:18
Extra Example 1: Tension in Cord
-1
Extra Example 2: Waves on String
-2
Extra Example 3: Mass on Cord with Pulse
-3
Sound

1h 20m 56s

Intro
0:00
Longitudinal Sound Wave
0:12
Tube Filled With Gas and Piston at One End
1:07
Compression or Condensation
5:01
Moving the Piston Back
6:16
Rarefraction
7:06
Wavelength
11:57
Frequency
13:07
Diaphragm of a Large Speaker
13:20
Audible Wave Human Being
14:50
Frequency Less Than 20 Khz Infrasonic Wave
15:40
Larger Than 20 Khz Ultrasonic Wave
16:15
Pressure as a Sound Wave
18:30
Sound Wave Propagation in Tube
19:13
Speed of Sound
25:10
Speed of Sound in Gas
32:50
Speed of Sound at 0 Degrees
36:50
Speed of Sound in Liquid
41:48
Speed of Sound in Solid
46:00
Sound Intensity
46:29
Energy Produced/Sec
49:12
Decibels
51:10
Sound Level or Intensity Level
54:30
Threshold of Hearing
54:52
Extra Example 1: Eardrum
-1
Extra Example 2: Sound Detector
-2
Extra Example 3: Lightning and Thunder
-3
Doppler Effect

1h 33m 51s

Intro
0:00
Observer Moving, Source Stationary
0:10
Observer Intercepts the Wave Front
1:47
Number of Waves Intercepted
5:25
Wave Fronts Integrated
6:05
Towards the Source
11:15
Moving Away from Source
15:02
Example: Rain
19:42
Observer Stationary Source Moving
20:40
During Time
27:43
Wavelength Measured by Observed
28:38
General Case
33:27
Source and Observer Moving
33:40
Observer is Moving
33:50
Observer is Stationary
34:24
Supersonic Speed
43:30
Airplane
44:03
Extra Example 1: Oscillating Spring
-1
Extra Example 2: Police Siren
-2
Extra Example 3: Sonic Jet
-3
Interference

1h 18m 44s

Intro
0:00
Principle of Linear Superposition
0:10
Example: String Sending Two Pulses
1:26
Sum of Two Pulses
3:38
Interference
11:56
Two Speakers Driven By Same Frequency
12:29
Constructive Interference
22:09
Destructive Interference
33:06
Example
37:25
Two Speakers
37:42
Speed of Sound
38:25
Diffraction
43:53
Circular Aperture
49:59
Beats
52:15
Two Frequency
53:02
Time Separated by 1 sec
59:55
Extra Example 1: Two Speakers
-1
Extra Example 2: Tube and Sound Detector
-2
Standing Waves

1h 34m 34s

Intro
0:00
Standing Wave on String
0:09
Propagation Waves
0:59
String with Both Ends Fixed
1:06
Sine Wave
5:43
Placing Two Nodes and Vibrating String
7:26
Fundamental Frequency
13:50
First Overtone
14:05
Example
20:49
Spring
21:08
Hanging a Weight with a Pulley
21:26
Air Columns
26:22
Pipe Open at Both Ends
27:13
Pipe Open at One End
36:55
Example
41:56
Container with Water
42:05
Tuning Fork
43:00
Resonance
44:07
Length of Pipe Producing Wavelength
51:51
Extra Example 1: String Sound Wave
-1
Extra Example 2: Block with Wire is Plucked
-2
Extra Example 3: Pipe Natural Frequencies
-3
Section 4: Electricity and Magnetism
Electric Force

56m 18s

Intro
0:00
Electric Charge
0:18
Matter Consists of Atom
1:01
Two Types of Particles: Protons & Neutrons
1:48
Object with Excess Electrons: Negatively Charged
7:58
Carbon Atom
8:30
Positively Charged Object
9:55
Electric Charge
10:07
Rubber Rod Rubs Against Fur (Negative Charge)
10:16
Glass Rod Rub Against Silk (Positive Charge)
11:48
Hanging Rubber Rod
12:44
Conductors and Insulators
16:00
Electrons Close to Nucleus
18:34
Conductors Have Mobile Charge
21:30
Insulators: No Moving Electrons
23:06
Copper Wire Connected to Excess Negative charge
23:22
Other End Connected to Excess Positive Charge
24:09
Charging a Metal Object
27:25
By Contact
28:05
Metal Sphere on an Insulating Stand
28:16
Charging by Induction
30:59
Negative Rubber Rod
31:26
Size of Atom
36:08
Extra Example 1: Three Metallic Objects
-1
Extra Example 2: Rubber Rod and Two Metal Spheres
-2
Coulomb's Law

1h 27m 18s

Intro
0:00
Coulomb's Law
0:59
Two Point Charges by Distance R
1:11
Permitivity of Free Space
5:28
Charges on the Vertices of a Triangle
8:00
3 Charges on Vertices of Right Triangle
8:29
Charge of 4, -5 and -2 micro-Coulombs
10:00
Force Acting on Each Charge
10:58
Charges on a Line
21:29
2 Charges on X-Axis
22:40
Where Should Q should be Placed, Net Force =0
23:23
Two Small Spheres Attached to String
31:08
Adding Some Charge
32:03
Equilibrium Net Force on Each Sphere = 0
33:38
Simple Harmonic Motion of Point Charge
37:40
Two Charges on Y-Axis
37:55
Charge is Attracted
39:52
Magnitude of Net Force on Q
42:23
Extra Example 1: Vertices of Triangle
-1
Extra Example 2: Tension in String
-2
Extra Example 3: Two Conducting Spheres
-3
Extra Example 4: Force on Charge
-4
Electric Field

1h 37m 24s

Intro
0:00
Definition of Electric Field
0:11
Q1 Produces Electric Field
3:23
Charges on a Conductor
4:26
Field of a Point Charge
13:10
Charge Point Between Two Fields
13:20
Electric Field E=kq/r2
14:29
Direction of the Charge Field
15:10
Positive Charge, Field is Radially Out
15:45
Field of a Collection of a Point Charge
19:40
Two Charges Q1,Q2
19:56
Q1 Positive, Electric Field is Radially Out
20:32
Q2 is Negative, Electric Field is Radially Inward
20:46
4 Charges are Equal
23:54
Parallel Plate Capacitor
25:42
Two Plates ,Separated by a Distance
26:44
Fringe Effect
30:26
E=Constant Between the Parallel Plate Capacitor
30:40
Electric Field Lines
35:16
Pictorial Representation of Electric Field
35:30
Electric Lines are Tangent to the Vector
35:57
Lines Start at Positive Charge, End on Negative Charge
41:24
Parallel Line Proportional to Charge
45:51
Lines Never Cross
46:00
Conductors and Shielding
49:33
Static Equilibrium
51:09
No Net Moment of Charge
53:09
Electric Field is Perpendicular to the Surface of Conductor
55:40
Extra Example 1: Plastic Sphere Between Capacitor
-1
Extra Example 2: Electron Between Capacitor
-2
Extra Example 3: Zero Electric Field
-3
Extra Example 4: Dimensional Analysis
-4
Electric Potential

1h 17m 9s

Intro
0:00
Electric Potential Difference
0:11
Example :Earth and Object
0:36
Work Done
2:01
Work Done Against Field
5:31
Difference in Potential, Between Points
9:08
Va=Vb+Ed
11:35
Potential Difference in a Constant Electric Field
18:03
Force Applied Along the Path
18:42
Work Done Along the Path
23:28
Potential Difference is Same
23:45
Point Charge
28:50
Electric Field of Point Charge is Radial
29:10
Force Applied is Perpendicular to Displacement
32:01
Independent of Path
41:08
Collection of Point Charge
43:56
Electric Potential at Charge Points
44:15
Equipotentail Surface
46:33
Plane Perpendicular to Field
46:49
Force Perpendicular to Surface
47:37
Potential Energy: System of a Two Point Charges
54:17
Work Done in Moving the Charge to Infinity
55:53
Potential Energy: System of Point Charges
57:05
Extra Example 1: Electric Potential of Particle
-1
Extra Example 2: Particle Fired at Other Particle
-2
Capacitor

1h 24m 14s

Intro
0:00
Capacitance
0:09
Consider Two Conductor s
0:25
Electric Field Passing from Positive to Negative
1:19
Potential Difference
3:31
Defining Capacitance
3:51
Parallel Plate Capacitance
8:30
Two Metallic Plates of Area a and Distance d
8:46
Potential Difference between Plates
13:12
Capacitance with a Dielectric
22:14
Applying Electric Field to a Capacitor
22:44
Dielectric
30:32
Example
34:56
Empty Capacitor
35:12
Connecting Capacitor to a Battery
35:26
Inserting Dielectric Between Plates
39:02
Energy of a Charged Capacitor
43:01
Work Done in Moving a Charge, Difference in Potential
47:48
Example
54:10
Parallel Plate Capacitor
54:22
Connect and Disconnect the Battery
55:27
Calculating Q=cv
55:50
Withdraw Mica Sheet
56:49
Word Done in Withdrawing the Mica
1:00:23
Extra Example 1: Parallel Plate Capacitor
-1
Extra Example 2: Mica Dielectric
-2
Combination of Capacitors

1h 3m 23s

Intro
0:00
Parallel Combination
0:20
Two Capacitors in Parallel With a Battery
0:40
Electric Field is Outside
5:47
Point A is Directly Connected to Positive Terminal
7:57
Point B is Directly Connected to Negative Terminal
8:10
Voltage Across Capacitor
12:54
Energy Stored
14:52
Series Combination
17:58
Two Capacitors Connected End to End With a Battery
18:10
Equivalent Capacitor
25:20
A is Same Potential
26:59
C is Same Potential
27:06
Potential Difference Across First Capacitor (Va-Vb)
27:42
(Vb-Vc) is Potential Difference Across Second Capacitor
28:10
Energy Stored in C1,C2
29:53
Example
31:07
Two Capacitor in Series, 2 in Parallel, 3 in Parallel, 1 Capacitor Connected
31:28
Final Equivalent Circuit
37:31
Extra Example 1: Four Capacitors
-1
Extra Example 2: Circuit with Switches
-2
Electric Current

1h 19m 17s

Intro
0:00
Definition
0:20
Consider a Wire ,Cylindrical
0:40
Cross Sectional Area
1:06
Crossing Charges Will be Counted
2:50
Amount of Charge Crosses Cross Sectional Area
3:29
Current I=q/t
4:18
Charges Flowing in Opposite Direction
5:58
Current Density
6:19
Applying Electric Field
11:50
Current in a Wire
15:24
Wire With a Cross Section Area A
15:33
Current Flowing to Right
18:57
How Much Charge Crosses Area A
19:15
Drift Velocity
20:02
Carriers in Cylinder
22:40
Ohm's Law
24:58
Va-Vb = Electric Field times Length of Wire
28:27
Ohm's Law
28:54
Consider a Copper Wire of 1m , Cross Sectional Area 1cm/sq
34:24
Temperature Effect
37:07
Heating a Wire
37:05
Temperature Co-Efficient of Resistivity
39:57
Battery EMF
43:00
Connecting a Resistance to Battery
44:30
Potential Difference at Terminal of Battery
45:15
Power
53:30
Battery Connected with a Resistance
53:47
Work Done on Charge
56:55
Energy Lost Per Second
1:00:35
Extra Example 1: Current
-1
Extra Example 2: Water Heater
-2
Circuits

1h 34m 8s

Intro
0:00
Simple Rules
0:16
Resistance in Series
0:33
Current Passing Per Second is Equal
1:36
Potential Difference
3:10
Parallel Circuit, R1, R2
5:08
Battery, Current Starts From Positive Terminal to Negative Terminal
10:08
Series Combination of Resistances
13:06
R1, R2 Connected to Battery
13:35
Va-Vb=Ir1,Vb-Vc=Ir2
16:59
Three Resistance Connected in Series Req=r1+r2+r3
18:55
Parallel Combination of Resistance
19:28
R1 and R2 Combined Parallel
19:50
I=i1+i2 (Total Current)
24:26
Requ=I/E
24:51
A Simple Circuit
27:57
Intro
28:40
Current Splits
29:15
Total Resistance
31:52
Current I= 6/17.2
35:10
Another Simple Circuit
37:46
Battery has Small Internal Resistance
38:02
2 Ohms Internal Resistance, and Two Resistance in Parallel
38:24
Drawing Circuit
48:53
Finding Current
52:06
RC Circuit
55:17
Battery , Resistance and Capacitance Connected
55:30
Current is Function of Time
58:00
R, C are Time Constants
59:25
Extra Example 1: Resistor Current/Power
-1
Extra Example 2: Find Current
-2
Extra Example 3: Find Current
-3
Extra Example 4: Find Current
-4
Kirchhoff's Rules

1h 42m 2s

Intro
0:00
First Kirchhoff Rule
0:19
Two Resistance Connected With a Battery
0:29
Many Resistance
1:40
Increase in Potential from A to B
4:46
Charge Flowing fromHigher Potential to Lower Potential
5:13
Second Kirchhoff Rule
9:17
Current Entering
9:27
Total Current Arriving is Equal Current Leaving
13:20
Example
14:10
Battery 6 V, Resistance 20, 30 Ohms and Another Battery 4v
14:30
Current Entering I2+I3
21:18
Example 2
31:20
2 Loop circuit with 6v and 12 v and Resistance, Find Current in Each Resistance
32:29
Example 3
42:02
Battery and Resistance in Loops
42:23
Ammeters and Voltmeters
56:22
Measuring Current is Introducing an Ammeter
56:35
Connecting Voltmeter, High Resistance
57:31
Extra Example 1: Find Current
-1
Extra Example 2: Find Current
-2
Extra Example 3: Find Current
-3
Magnetic Field

1h 38m 19s

Intro
0:00
Magnets
0:13
Compass Will Always Point North
3:49
Moving a Compass Needle
5:50
Force on a Charged Particles
10:37
Electric Field and Charge Particle Q
10:48
Charge is Positive Force
11:11
Charge Particle is At Rest
13:38
Taking a Charged Particle and Moving to Right
16:15
Using Right Hand Rule
23:37
C= Magnitude of A, B
26:30
Magnitude of C
26:55
Motion of Particle in Uniform Magnetic Field
33:30
Magnetic Field has Same Direction
34:02
Direction of Force
38:40
Work Done By Force=0
41:40
Force is Perpendicular With Velocity
42:00
Bending an Electron Beam
48:09
Heating a Filament
48:29
Kinetic Energy of Battery
51:54
Introducing Magnetic Field
52:10
Velocity Selector
53:45
Selecting Particles of Specific Velocity
54:00
Parallel Plate Capacitor
54:30
Magnetic Force
56:20
Magnitude of Force
56:45
Extra Example 1: Vectors
-1
Extra Example 2: Proton in Magnetic Field
-2
Extra Example 3: Proton Circular Path
-3
Force on a Current in a Magnetic Field

1h 16m 3s

Intro
0:00
Effect of Magnetic Field on Current
0:44
Conduction Wire, Horse Shoe Magnet
0:55
Introducing a Battery to the Wire
3:10
Wire Bends Pushing Left
3:50
Wire Bends Toward Right
5:08
In Absence of Magnetic Field
5:34
Magnet and Wire Force Towards Upward
10:22
Force
11:55
Conductor Connected to Battery, Carrying Current to Right
12:52
Magnetic Field Oriented into Page
13:20
Force on 1 Change
20:00
Total Force on Wire
21:45
Vector of magnitude
25:40
Direction is Scalar
26:12
Force on Wire
31:00
Torque on a Current loop
35:38
Square of Rectangle of Wire in Loop
35:49
Passing Current
36:14
Force on 1
36:25
Force on 3
40:46
Force on 2
42:26
Force on 4
45:12
Example
49:33
Wire of Length
49:50
Magnetic Field, Force on Wire
52:37
Extra Example 1: Lifting a Wire
-1
Extra Example 2: Rod on Two Rails
-2
Extra Example 3: Rod on Two Rails with Friction
-3
Magnetic Field Produced by Currents

1h 16m 19s

Intro
0:00
Long Straight Wire
0:49
Long Wire Connect to Battery (Imaginary Plane)
1:07
Introducing a Compass
3:15
Amperes Law/Biot-Savart law
8:01
Wire With Current I
8:35
Magnetic Permeability of Free Space
11:41
Example
13:22
Wire With Current 5 Amps
13:35
Calculation Magnetic Field Produced By Wire
16:42
Magnetic Force Between Parallel Current Carrying Wire
21:34
Two Wires Carrying Curren
21:45
Calculating Force of Attraction
23:27
Magnetic Field B Produced by First Wire
25:14
Force on Second Wire
28:33
Example
33:59
Wire on Ground
34:10
Another Wire
34:24
Magnetic Force on Wire 2
37:35
Coils
41:16
Circular Loop
42:25
Magnetic Field is Not Uniform
42:55
Magnetic Field at Center
43:11
Solenoid
46:20
Wire of length L in Coil with a Battery
47:11
Extra Example 1: Two Parallel Wires
-1
Extra Example 2: Magnetic Field of Wires
-2
Electromagnetic Induction

1h 34m 15s

Intro
0:00
Induced EMF
0:51
Electro Motive Force
1:05
Hang a Wire Loop and Using a Magnet
3:02
Magnetic Field is Strong
7:07
Induced EMF is Not Related
9:20
Motional EMF
11:43
Conducting Metal
12:10
Rod Moves to Right
12:52
Force Exerted on Charge Carrier
15:20
Potential Difference
20:05
Example
25:57
Rod in Magnetic Field, Connected by Wires
27:10
Power Dissipated
32:18
In 1 Minute, Total Energy Consumption
34:53
Where Does the Energy Come From
37:50
Magnetic Waves with Conductive Bar
38:12
To Keep the Rod Moving With Constant Velocity
46:33
Work Done By External Agent in 1 Min
46:50
Relation to Magnetic Flux
51:03
Area Swept by Rod
54:44
Magnetic Flux
57:34
Magnetic Field is Constant
57:50
Area Perpendicular To field
58:02
Extra Example 1: Motional EMF of Rod
-1
Extra Example 2: Motional EMF, Current, Power
-2
Extra Example 3: Current in Resistor
-3
Faraday's Law

1h 30m 49s

Intro
0:00
Faraday's Law
0:57
Coil Connected to Battery With Switch
1:14
Closed Switch Ammeter Reads Current
3:45
Current in First Coil Drops to Zero
8:30
Change in Flux Generates Current
8:53
Induced EMF
9:13
Example
13:45
Coil Has N Turns
13:55
Connecting the Ends of Wire to Resistance
14:40
Total Flux
16:55
Motional EMF Revisited
25:04
Rod Moving in a Magnetic Field
25:24
Magnetic Force Pushes Electrons
28:01
Magnetic Field is Perpendicular to Area
31:50
Flux in Loop
32:15
Lenz's Law
40:03
Magnetic Field into Page
40:30
Current Induced by Increased Flux
44:35
Current Induced to Oppose Change in Flux
49:28
Flux is Increasing, Opposing Created Magnetic Field In Opposite Direction
55:01
Extra Example 1: Loop of Wire in Magnetic Field
-1
Extra Example 2: Coil in Square
-2
Extra Example 3: Decreasing Magnetic Field
-3
Section 5: Optics
Reflection of Light

1h 12m 22s

Intro
0:00
Nature of Light
0:22
Aristotle: Light Illuminated from Eye
0:58
Light Rays
15:50
Light Source Eliminates Stream Of Light
16:22
Wave Fronts and Crests
16:57
Reflection
18:50
Sending Light on Surface
19:01
Light Reflects Parallel Out
19:20
Specular Reflection
20:06
Surface is Not Smooth
20:16
Reflected in Different Direction
20:35
Law of Reflection
21:47
Light Ray Hits the Plane Mirror
22:08
Drawing Normal Perpendicular to Surface of Mirror
22:50
Angle of Incidence
23:15
Angle of Reflection
23:50
Path of Least Time
26:43
Fermat's Principle
30:14
Light Takes Path of Shortest Time
38:49
Formation of Image by Plane Mirror
40:11
Plane Mirror and a Source
40:20
Looking at first Reflection
42:30
S is the Real Object
48:05
Real and Virtual Object and Image
50:10
Optical Instrument
50:37
If Rays are Divergent Object is Real
51:42
Rays are Convergent, Virtual Object
52:54
Extra Example 1: Object Between Two Mirrors
-1
Extra Example 2: Plane Mirror Polished Side Up
-2
Spherical Mirror

1h 30m 39s

Intro
0:00
Concave and Convex Mirror
0:17
Piece of Mirror From a Spherical Mirror
1:00
If Inner face is Polished, Concave Mirror
2:00
Principal Axix
3:41
Polished Outer Side, Convex Mirror
4:15
Focal Point
5:21
Consider a Concave Mirror
6:03
Sending a Ray of Parallel Light
6:18
Paraxial Rays
9:36
Ray Diagrams
19:10
Concave Mirror
19:25
Principal Axis
19:40
Rays Diverging Virtual Image
29:14
Image Formation in Concave Mirrors: Real Object
30:20
Real Object
30:51
Draw a Ray to Principal Axis
31:05
Put the Object beyond F
38:13
Image Formation in Concave Mirrors: Virtual Object
46:44
Rays Leaving the Image: Diverging
48:00
Summary of Concave Mirror
56:17
Real Object real Image
56:52
Real Object Virtual Image
57:11
Virtual Object Real Image
57:24
Virtual Object Virtual Image
57:40
Extra Example 1: Concave Mirror Image Location
-1
Extra Example 2: Concave Mirror Focal Length
-2
Extra Example 3: Concave Mirror Image Location
-3
Convex Mirror

1h 6m 47s

Intro
0:00
Image Formation: Real Object
0:21
Drawing ray Parallel to Principal Axis
1:15
Virtual Object Producing real Image
17:41
Image Formation: Virtual Objects
18:21
Ray Going through C and Reflects Back
18:40
Real Object Virtual Image
26:20
Virtual Object: Real Image
26:30
Virtual Object: Virtual Image
27:00
Summary
35:30
Size of Image Over Size of Object
36:12
Magnification
41:47
Example: Convex Mirror
42:38
Extra Example 1: Convex Mirror
-1
Extra Example 2: Convex or Concave
-2
Refraction of Light, Part 1

1h 30m 58s

Intro
0:00
Index of Refraction
0:31
Speed of Light
1:15
Speed of Light in Medium
3:02
Index of Refraction of Medium
3:33
Index of Refraction of Water
4:52
Index of Refraction of Glass
5:13
Snell's Law
8:09
Light is Incident from One Medium to Another
9:05
Light Bends Toward the Normal
10:49
Example: Air/Water
12:32
Light is Incident at Angle of 53 Degrees
13:09
Water is more Optically Dense Than Air
17:20
Apparent Depth
18:19
Container of Water
19:01
Penny at the Bottom
19:17
Light Ray is Perpendicular to the Surface
19:35
From Snell's Law
29:39
Derivation of Snell's Law
32:38
Idea of Wave Fronts
33:05
Second Derivation of Snell's Law
48:17
Same as Fermat's Principal
48:38
Air and Water
49:10
Extra Example 1: Light Hits Glass
-1
Extra Example 2: Find Theta
-2
Extra Example 3: Index of Refraction
-3
Refraction of Light, Part 2

1h 21m 37s

Intro
0:00
Prism and the Rainbow
0:13
Monochromatic Light Through Prism
1:09
Sending White Light Through Prism
7:08
Violet Bends More Than Red Light
8:12
Angle Between Incident Light and Red
13:25
Water Drops in the Atmosphere
14:10
Total Internal Reflection
18:13
Surface has Air and Water
18:30
Increase Angle
19:33
Light Traveling in a Larger Index and Meets Lower Index
29:30
Water and Air Angle of Refraction is 90 Degree
29:57
Optical Fibers
32:22
Long Coaxial Cable
32:40
Choose Angle for No Light Leakage
35:03
Thin Lenses
45:13
Two Pieces of Transparent Glass
45:58
Plano Convex
47:32
Bi-Concave
47:50
Plano Concave
48:05
Lens Maker Formula
51:59
Ray Diagrams
53:44
Ray Through the Center
53:06
Extra Example 1: Angle of Incidence
-1
Extra Example 2: Block Underwater
-2
Images Formed by Lenses

1h 25m 20s

Intro
0:00
Converging Lenses: Real Objects
0:25
Ray Going Through Center
1:50
Converging Lens: Virtual Objects
18:30
Reverse Path
20:40
Virtual Object Real Image
22:47
Diverging Lens
24:59
Lens Summary
33:40
Object, Lens, Image
34:52
Object Distance to Lens
35:21
Image Distance to Lens
36:01
Focal Length
36:12
Magnification
37:21
Example: Converging Lens
38:07
Q=50 cm Real Image
41:52
Move Object 10 cm From the Lens
42:30
Diverging Lens
45:20
Extra Example 1: Converging Lens
-1
Extra Example 2: Diverging Lens
-2
Extra Example 3: Two Thing Converging Lenses
-3
Extra Example 4: Diverging Lens Final Image
-4
Interference of Light Waves

1h 27m 2s

Intro
0:00
Condition for Interference
0:24
Two Light Sources S1, S2
0:49
Source are Incoherent
1:36
Uniform Intensity on Screen
6:10
Source Should be Coherent
6:31
Source with Single Wavelength
7:30
Two Slits with One Source
8:37
Young's Double Slit Experiment
13:33
Wave Front Looks Planer
14:15
Light Propagates Like Waves
17:58
Constructive and Destructive Interference
22:39
Two Slits Separated by d
23:01
Consider a Point at Center of Screen
24:33
Path Difference
34:46
Constructive Interference
35:59
Destructive Interference
36:05
Example
43:52
Two Slits Separated
44:09
Screen is 2 ms Away
44:30
Second Order Maximum
45:06
First Maximum
48:48
Extra Example 1: Double Slit Wavelength
-1
Extra Example 2: Two Radio Antennas
-2
Extra Example 3: Double Slit Thickness
-3
Thin Film Interference

1h 4m 58s

Intro
0:00
Change of Phase Due to Reflection
0:37
Plane Mirror
1:28
Object Produces Virtual Image
1:48
Consider a Screen and Point
2:04
Path Difference
3:40
Constructive Interferences
5:09
Destructive Interference
5:26
Two Media N1, N2
15:25
N2>N1 Changes in Phase 180 Degrees
15:40
Thin Film Interference
18:50
Air and Film and Air Film of Thickness
19:12
Angle of Incident is Very Small
19:40
Two Waves are Destructive
22:14
Path Difference
22:30
If Delta=1, 2, 3 No Change in Phase
27:44
Destructive Interference
29:12
Constructive Interferences
32:45
Example: Soap Bubbles
33:34
Air, Soap, Air
33:55
Thickness Results in Constructive Interference
35:58
Example: Non-Reflective Coating For Solar Cells
38:05
Sending Light
41:50
Destructive Interference
44:08
Extra Example 1: Spaced Plates Separation
-1
Extra Example 2: Oil Film
-2
Diffraction

1h 18m 22s

Intro
0:00
Diffraction of Waves
0:18
Source of Sound Waves
0:31
Huygens' Principle
1:14
Diffraction of Light from Narrow Slit
10:57
Light From a Distant Source
11:48
Pick Any Point
13:55
Source of Wave Front
14:36
Waves Traveling Parallel to Each Other
15:27
Franhofer Diffraction
19:38
Drawing Perpendicular
20:12
First Maximum
23:12
Every Wave Has Interference and Diffraction
27:44
Width of Central Maximum
32:49
Width of Slit is 0.2 mm
33:13
Monochromatic Light
33:40
If Angle is << 1
36:39
If W= 2cms
41:15
Intensity of Diffraction Patterns
44:21
Plotting Intensity Versus Light
44:59
Resolution
45:35
Considering Two Source
45:55
Two Objects Resolved
46:41
Rayleigh Principle
47:44
Diffraction Grating
51:18
First Order Max
58:00
Intensity Shown in Figure
58:21
Extra Example 1: Slit Diffraction
-1
Extra Example 2: Minima in Diffraction Pattern
-2
Extra Example 3: Diffraction Grating
-3
Section 6: Modern Physics
Dual Nature of Light

1h 19m 2s

Intro
0:00
Photoelectric Effect
0:13
Shine Light on Metal Surface
2:39
Another Metal Surface Both Enclosed and Connected to Battery
3:02
Connecting Ammeter to Read Current
3:50
Connecting a Variable Voltage
4:20
Negative Voltage Has Stopping Potential
10:20
Features of Photoelectric Effect
20:44
Dependence on Intensity
21:01
Energy Carried By Wave Proportional to Intensity
21:11
Kinetic Energy
23:21
Dependence of Photoemission on Time
23:40
Dependence on Frequency
26:54
Measuring Maximum Kinetic Energy
31:11
Einstein and the Photoelectric Effect
31:21
Stream of Quantum Particles
33:00
Dim Blue Light, Few Photons
36:42
Bright Red Light, Many Photons
37:31
Electron is Bound to Surface of Metal
39:33
Example
44:20
Incident Light 200 nm
45:20
Compton Scattering
50:22
Shooting X-Rays at Targets
50:45
Photons Colliding with Electrons
55:48
Compton Wavelength of Electron
56:05
Example
57:25
Lambda=0.1nm
57:30
Extra Example 1: Photoelectric Effect
-1
Extra Example 2: Different Frequency Radiation
-2
Matter Waves

1h 30m 10s

Intro
0:00
De Broglie Wavelength
1:42
Photon of light E=hf
4:23
For particles Lambda=hp
12:20
Davisson and Germer, Electron Diffraction
14:06
Double Slit, Instead of Light Shooting Electrons
18:25
Detecting Electrons on Flourescent Screen
18:55
Bright Fringes
21:37
Example
26:03
Electron Moves
26:18
Kinetic Energy of Electron
32:20
Wavelength of Baseball
33:59
Refraction Pattern
40:00
Uncertainty Principle
41:44
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
42:05
Sending an Electron Through a Hole
47:54
In Y Direction the Position is Uncertain
51:54
Example
57:00
Speed of Electron
57:09
Position of Electron
1:00:38
Extra Example 1: Kinetic Energy of Electrons
-1
Extra Example 2: Uncertainty Principle
-2
Extra Example 3: Wavelength of Electron and Photon
-3
Hydrogen Atom

1h 25m 50s

Intro
0:00
Nuclear Model
0:12
J.J. Thomson Discovered Electrons
1:40
Rutherford Experiment
2:52
Example: Solar System
13:39
Planetary Model
14:40
Centripetal Acceleration
16:48
Line Spectra
18:48
Low Pressure Gas Connecting to High Voltage
19:37
Group of Wavelength
21:06
Emission Spectra
21:28
Lyman
22:38
Balmer Series
22:52
Pascen Series
23:04
Bohr's Model
27:14
Electron in Circular Orbit
27:30
Stationary Orbits
28:34
Radiation is Emitted When Electron Makes Transition
29:37
For Each Orbit Mass, Speed, Radius
33:55
Quantized Energy of the Bohr Model
35:58
Electron in Circular Orbit
36:24
Total Energy
45:18
Line Spectra Intercepted
46:12
Energy of Orbit
46:30
Balmer Series
53:36
Paschen Series
53:56
Example
54:57
N=1 and N=2
55:01
Extra Example 1: Balmer Series for Hydrogen
-1
Extra Example 2: Minimum n for Hydrogen
-2
Extra Example 3: Energy to Transition Electron
-3
Nuclear Physics

1h 30m 30s

Intro
0:00
Nucleus
0:33
Positively Charged Particles
0:53
Z=Atomic Mass Number
2:08
Example of Carbon, 6 Protons and 6 Neutrons
5:34
Nucleus with 27 Protons
10:48
Binding Energy
18:56
Intro
19:10
Helium Nucleus
19:51
Binding Energy
24:28
Alpha Decay
29:08
Energy of Uranium
38:04
Beta Decay
43:03
Nuclei Emits Negative Particles
45:00
Beta Particles are Electrons
45:24
Gamma Decay
57:01
Gamma Ray is Photon of High Energy
57:13
Nucleus Emits a Photon
59:02
Extra Example 1: Radium Alpha Decay
-1
Extra Example 2: Binding Energy of Iron
-2
Extra Example 3: Missing Particle
-3
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Lecture Comments (2)

0 answers

Post by Salman Khan on September 30, 2015

I was wondering how will I ever understand the derivation of the formulas. Thank you!

0 answers

Post by Jamal Tischler on October 8, 2014

I apreciate you proved the formulas ! It helped me.

Motion in Two Dimensions, Part 2: Circular Dimension

  • If an object moves with constant speed along a circle, it will experience a centripetal force, directed toward the center of the circle.
  • In the example of the Earth rotating around the sun, we can calculate the speed of the Earth from our knowledge of the distance between the earth and the sun, and that the period of rotation is one year.
  • If the speed of an object, moving in a circular path, changes with time, then in addition to the centripetal acceleration there is also tangential acceleration. The net acceleration is the vector sum of the centripetal and tangential accelerations.

Motion in Two Dimensions, Part 2: Circular Dimension

Lecture Slides are screen-captured images of important points in the lecture. Students can download and print out these lecture slide images to do practice problems as well as take notes while watching the lecture.

  • Intro 0:00
  • Uniform Circular Motion 0:15
    • Object Moving in a Circle at Constant Speed
    • Calculation Acceleration
    • Change in Velocity
    • Magnitude of Acceleration
    • Centripetal Acceleration
  • Example: Earth Rotating Around The Sun 18:42
    • Center of the Earth
    • Distance Travelled in Making One Revolution
    • Acceleration of the Revolution
  • Tangential Acceleration and Radial Acceleration 25:35
    • If Magnitude and Direction Change During Travel
    • Tangential Acceleration
  • Example: Car on a Curved Road 29:50
    • Finding Total Acceleration at Time T if Car is at Rest
  • Extra Example 1: Centripetal Acceleration on Earth
  • Extra Example 2: Pendulum Acceleration
  • Extra Example 3: Radius of Curvature

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