Home » Physics » AP Physics B » Work

Connecting...

This is a quick preview of the lesson. For full access, please Log In or Sign up.
For more information, please see full course syllabus of AP Physics B
Bookmark & Share Embed

Share this knowledge with your friends!

Copy & Paste this embed code into your website’s HTML

Please ensure that your website editor is in text mode when you paste the code.
(In Wordpress, the mode button is on the top right corner.)
  ×
  • - Allow users to view the embedded video in full-size.
Since this lesson is not free, only the preview will appear on your website.

  • Discussion

  • Study Guides

  • Download Lecture Slides

  • Table of Contents

  • Related Books & Services

Lecture Comments (9)

1 answer

Last reply by: Jamal Tischler
Tue Aug 18, 2015 7:08 AM

Post by steven horton on June 30, 2014

Thank you Professor Jishi for teaching on educator. You teach the concepts of physics and not the ridiculous numerical problems and examples like other professors.

0 answers

Post by Oguzhan Yabici on March 26, 2013

#1 ... displacement is 2 meters not 20 .

0 answers

Post by Jimmy Wu on September 23, 2012

You mess up at the Extra Example one

0 answers

Post by Riley Argue on April 27, 2012

Thanks professor

0 answers

Post by Shahryar Hussain on March 13, 2012

In "Block pulled Horizontal surface" ,don't we need to know mass also to calculate work done by net Force.

2 answers

Last reply by: Jamal Tischler
Tue Aug 18, 2015 7:42 AM

Post by Kyle Lumague on August 13, 2011

When there is an acceleration on the box equal in both directions, the box will not move to the left, it will stay in place while the truck moves to the right, then the box will just fall after the truck is no longer underneath it.

Work

  • If an object is displaced while some constant force acts on it, the work done by the force is the dot product of the force and displacement vectors.
  • The work done in stretching (or compressing) a spring by a distance x is kx2/2, where k is the force constant of the spring.
  • Work-Kinetic energy theorem: The work done on an object by the net force is equal to the change in kinetic energy:

    Work done by net force = Final kinetic energy – Initial kinetic energy

  • The potential energy of a system is the work done in assembling the system. For an object of mass m at a height h, near the surface of the Earth, the potential energy of the Earth-object system is mgh.
  • If a spring is stretched (or compressed) by a distance x, then the elastic potential energy stored in the spring is kx2/2.
  • Power is the rate of doing work; Power = F.v

Work

Lecture Slides are screen-captured images of important points in the lecture. Students can download and print out these lecture slide images to do practice problems as well as take notes while watching the lecture.

  1. Work Done by a Constant Force
  2. Stretching or Compressing a Spring
  3. Work Kinetic Energy Theorem
  4. Block Pulled on a Rough Horizontal Surface
  5. Potential Energy of a System
  6. Elastic Potential Energy in a Spring Block System
  7. Power
  8. Extra Example 1: Work Done, Block on Horizontal Surface
    • Extra Example 2: Object and Compressed Spring
      • Extra Example 3: Person Running
        • Work Done by a Constant Force 0:09
          • Example: Force f on Object Moved a Displacement d in Same Direction
          • Force Applied on Object at Angle ø and Displacement d
          • Work Done
          • Force Perpendicular to Displacement (No Work)
          • Example: Lifting an Object from the Surface of Earth to Height h
          • Total Work Done
          • Example: Object on an Inclined Surface
          • Example: Object on Truck
          • Work Done on a Box with No Friction
          • Work Done with Static Friction
        • Stretching or Compressing a Spring 14:50
          • Example: Stretching a Spring
          • Work Done in Stretching a Spring
          • Spring Stretched Amount A
          • Spring Stretched Amount B With Constant Velocity
          • Force at Starting
          • Force at End
          • Total Displacement
          • Average Force
          • Work Done
          • Compressing a Spring
        • Work Kinetic Energy Theorem 24:02
          • Object Mass M on Frictionless Surface
          • Object Moved a Displacement d With Acceleration a
          • Work Done on an Object by Net Force (Kinetic Energy Theorem)
          • Example: Object at Height
          • Force on Object
          • Work Energy Theorem
        • Block Pulled on a Rough Horizontal Surface 35:14
          • Object on a Surface with Friction
          • Coefficient of Kinetic Friction
          • Work Done by Net Force = Change in K.E
          • Applying a Force on an Object at an Angle ø and Displacement d
          • Net Force
          • Work Done
        • Potential Energy of a System 44:39
          • Potential Energy of Two or More Objects
          • Example: Object of Mass m at Height h
          • Earth and Object in Position
          • Potential Energy, u=mgh
          • Absolute Value of Potential Energy
          • Example: Two Objects at Different Heights
        • Elastic Potential Energy in a Spring Block System 52:03
          • Example: Spring of Mass m Stretching
          • Work Done Stretching a Spring
        • Power 55:24
          • Work Done by an Object
          • Rate of Doing Work
        • Extra Example 1: Work Done, Block on Horizontal Surface
        • Extra Example 2: Object and Compressed Spring
        • Extra Example 3: Person Running

        Related Books

        Related Books & Services

        Professor Jishi

        Professor Jishi

        Work

        Slide Duration:

        Table of Contents

        Section 1: Mechanics
        Introduction to Physics (Basic Math)

        1h 17m 37s

        Intro
        0:00
        What is Physics?
        1:35
        Physicists and Philosophers
        1:57
        Differences Between
        2:48
        Experimental Observations
        3:20
        Laws (Mathematical)
        3:48
        Modification of Laws/Experiments
        4:24
        Example: Newton's Laws of Mechanics
        5:38
        Example: Einstein's Relativity
        6:18
        Units
        8:50
        Various Units
        9:37
        SI Units
        10:02
        Length (meter)
        10:18
        Mass (kilogram)
        10:35
        Time (second)
        10:51
        MKS Units (meter kilogram second)
        11:04
        Definition of Second
        11:55
        Definition of Meter
        14:06
        Definition of Kilogram
        15:21
        Multiplying/Dividing Units
        19:10
        Trigonometry Overview
        21:24
        Sine and Cosine
        21:31
        Pythagorean Theorem
        23:44
        Tangent
        24:15
        Sine and Cosine of Angles
        24:35
        Similar Triangles
        25:54
        Right Triangle (Oppposite, Adjacent, Hypotenuse)
        28:16
        Other Angles (30-60-90)
        29:16
        Law of Cosines
        31:38
        Proof of Law of Cosines
        33:03
        Law of Sines
        37:03
        Proof of Law of Sines
        38:03
        Scalars and Vectors
        41:00
        Scalar: Magnitude
        41:22
        Vector: Magnitude and Direction
        41:52
        Examples
        42:31
        Extra Example 1: Unit Conversion
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Law of Cosines
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Dimensional Analysis
        -3
        Vector Addition

        1h 10m 31s

        Intro
        0:00
        Graphical Method
        0:10
        Magnitude and Direction of Two Vectors
        0:40
        Analytical Method or Algebraic Method
        8:45
        Example: Addition of Vectors
        9:12
        Parallelogram Rule
        11:42
        Law of Cosines
        14:22
        Law of Sines
        18:32
        Components of a Vector
        21:35
        Example: Vector Components
        23:30
        Introducing Third Dimension
        31:14
        Right Handed System
        33:06
        Specifying a Vector
        34:44
        Example: Calculate the Components of Vector
        36:33
        Vector Addition by Means of Components
        41:23
        Equality of Vectors
        47:11
        Dot Product
        48:39
        Extra Example 1: Vector Addition
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Angle Between Vectors
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Vector Addition
        -3
        Motion in One Dimension

        1h 19m 35s

        Intro
        0:00
        Position, Distance, and Displacement
        0:12
        Position of the Object
        0:30
        Distance Travelled by The Object
        5:34
        Displacement of The Object
        9:05
        Average Speed Over a Certain Time Interval
        14:46
        Example Of an Object
        15:15
        Example: Calculating Average Speed
        20:19
        Average Velocity Over a Time Interval
        22:22
        Example Calculating Average Velocity of an Object
        22:45
        Instantaneous Velocity
        30:45
        Average Acceleration Over a Time Interval
        40:50
        Example: Average Acceleration of an Object
        42:01
        Instantaneous Acceleration
        47:17
        Example: Acceleration of Time T
        47:33
        Example with Realistic Equation
        49:52
        Motion With Constant Acceleration: Kinematics Equation
        53:39
        Example: Motion of an Object with Constant Acceleration
        53:55
        Extra Example 1: Uniformly Accelerated Motion
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Catching up with a Car
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Velocity and Acceleration
        -3
        Kinematics Equation Of Calculus

        59m

        Intro
        0:00
        The Derivative
        0:12
        Idea of a Derivative
        0:27
        Derivative of a function X= df/dx
        6:55
        Example: F(x)=Constant c
        7:22
        Example: F(x)= X
        9:37
        Example: F(x)= AX
        11:29
        Example: F(x)= X squared
        12:30
        Example: F(x)= X cubed
        15:23
        Example: F(x) =SinX
        16:24
        Example: F(x) =CosX
        16:30
        Product of Functions
        16:56
        Example: F(x) = X (squared) Sin X
        17:15
        Quotient Rule
        23:03
        Example: F(x)=uV-vU/V2
        23:48
        Kinematics of Equation
        25:10
        First Kinematic Equation : V=Vo+aT
        31:13
        Extra Example 1: Particle on X-Axis
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Graphical Analysis
        -2
        Freely Falling Objects

        1h 28m 59s

        Intro
        0:00
        Acceleration Due to Gravity
        0:11
        Dropping an Object at Certain Height
        0:25
        Signs : V , A , D
        7:07
        Example: Shooting an Object Upwards
        7:34
        Example: Ground To Ground
        12:13
        Velocity at Maximum Height
        14:30
        Time From Ground to Ground
        23:10
        Shortcut: Calculate Time Spent in Air
        24:07
        Example: Object Short Downwards
        30:19
        Object Short Downwards From a Height H
        30:30
        Use of Quadratic Formula
        36:23
        Example: Bouncing Ball
        41:00
        Ball Released From Certain Height
        41:22
        Time Until Stationary
        43:10
        Coefficient of Restitution
        46:40
        Example: Bouncing Ball. Continued
        53:02
        Extra Example 1: Object Shot Off Cliff
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Object Released Off Roof
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Rubber Ball (Coefficient of Restitution)
        -3
        Motion in Two Dimensions, Part 1

        1h 8m 38s

        Intro
        0:00
        Position, Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration
        0:10
        Position of an Object in X-Y Plane
        0:19
        Displacement of an Object
        2:48
        Average Velocity
        4:30
        Instantaneous Velocity at Time T
        5:22
        Acceleration of Object
        8:49
        Projectile Motion
        9:57
        Object Shooting at Angle
        10:15
        Object Falling Vertically
        14:48
        Velocity of an Object
        18:17
        Displacement of an Object
        19:20
        Initial Velocity Remains Constant
        21:24
        Deriving Equation of a Parabola
        25:23
        Example: Shooting a Soccer Ball
        25:25
        Time Ball Spent in Air (Ignoring Air Resistance)
        27:48
        Range of Projectile
        34:49
        Maximum Height Reached by the Projectile
        36:25
        Example: Shooting an Object Horizontally
        40:38
        Time Taken for Shooting
        42:34
        Range
        46:01
        Velocity Hitting Ground
        46:30
        Extra Example 1: Projectile Shot with an Angle
        -1
        Extra Example 2: What Angle
        -2
        Motion in Two Dimensions, Part 2: Circular Dimension

        1h 1m 54s

        Intro
        0:00
        Uniform Circular Motion
        0:15
        Object Moving in a Circle at Constant Speed
        0:26
        Calculation Acceleration
        3:30
        Change in Velocity
        3:45
        Magnitude of Acceleration
        14:21
        Centripetal Acceleration
        18:15
        Example: Earth Rotating Around The Sun
        18:42
        Center of the Earth
        20:45
        Distance Travelled in Making One Revolution
        21:34
        Acceleration of the Revolution
        23:37
        Tangential Acceleration and Radial Acceleration
        25:35
        If Magnitude and Direction Change During Travel
        26:22
        Tangential Acceleration
        27:45
        Example: Car on a Curved Road
        29:50
        Finding Total Acceleration at Time T if Car is at Rest
        31:13
        Extra Example 1: Centripetal Acceleration on Earth
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Pendulum Acceleration
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Radius of Curvature
        -3
        Newton's Laws of Motion

        1h 29m 51s

        Intro
        0:00
        Force
        0:21
        Contact Force (Push or Pull)
        1:02
        Field Forces
        1:49
        Gravity
        2:06
        Electromagnetic Force
        2:43
        Strong Force
        4:12
        Weak Force
        5:17
        Contact Force as Electromagnetic Force
        6:08
        Focus on Contact Force and Gravitational Force
        6:50
        Newton's First Law
        7:37
        Statement of First Law of Motion
        7:50
        Uniform Motion (Velocity is Constant)
        9:38
        Inertia
        10:39
        Newton's Second Law
        11:19
        Force as a Vector
        11:35
        Statement of Second Law of Motion
        12:02
        Force (Formula)
        12:22
        Example: 1 Force
        13:04
        Newton (Unit of Force)
        13:31
        Example: 2 Forces
        14:09
        Newton's Third Law
        19:38
        Action and Reaction Law
        19:46
        Statement of Third Law of Motion
        19:58
        Example: 2 Objects
        20:15
        Example: Objects in Contact
        21:54
        Example: Person on Earth
        22:54
        Gravitational Force and the Weight of an Object
        24:01
        Force of Attraction Formula
        24:42
        Point Mass and Spherical Objects
        26:56
        Example: Gravity on Earth
        28:37
        Example: 1 kg on Earth
        35:31
        Friction
        37:09
        Normal Force
        37:14
        Example: Small Force
        40:01
        Force of Static Friction
        43:09
        Maximum Force of Static Friction
        46:03
        Values of Coefficient of Static Friction
        47:37
        Coefficient of Kinetic Friction
        47:53
        Force of Kinetic Friction
        48:27
        Example: Horizontal Force
        49:36
        Example: Angled Force
        52:36
        Extra Example 1: Wire Tension
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Car Friction
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Big Block and Small Block
        -3
        Applications of Newton's Laws, Part 1: Inclines

        1h 24m 35s

        Intro
        0:00
        Acceleration on a Frictionless Incline
        0:35
        Force Action on the Object(mg)
        1:31
        Net Force Acting on the Object
        2:20
        Acceleration Perpendicular to Incline
        8:45
        Incline is Horizontal Surface
        11:30
        Example: Object on an Inclined Surface
        13:40
        Rough Inclines and Static Friction
        20:23
        Box Sitting on a Rough Incline
        20:49
        Maximum Values of Static Friction
        25:20
        Coefficient of Static Friction
        27:53
        Acceleration on a Rough Incline
        29:00
        Kinetic Friction on Rough Incline
        29:15
        Object Moving up the Incline
        33:20
        Net force on the Object
        36:36
        Example: Time to Reach the Bottom of an Incline
        41:50
        Displacement is 5m Down the Incline
        45:26
        Velocity of the Object Down the Incline
        47:49
        Extra Example 1: Bottom of Incline
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Incline with Initial Velocity
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Moving Down an Incline
        -3
        Applications of Newton's Laws, Part 2: Strings and Pulleys

        1h 10m 3s

        Intro
        0:00
        Atwood's Machine
        0:19
        Object Attached to a String
        0:39
        Tension on a String
        2:15
        Two Objects Attached to a String
        2:23
        Pulley Fixed to the Ceiling, With Mass M1 , M2
        4:53
        Applying Newton's 2nd Law to Calculate Acceleration on M1, M2
        9:21
        One Object on a Horizontal Surface: Frictionless Case
        17:36
        Connecting Two Unknowns, Tension and Acceleration
        20:27
        One Object on a Horizontal Surface: Friction Case
        23:57
        Two Objects Attached to a String with a Pulley
        24:14
        Applying Newton's 2nd Law
        26:04
        Tension of an Object Pulls to the Right
        27:31
        One of the Object is Incline : Frictionless Case
        32:59
        Sum of Two Forces on Mass M2
        34:39
        If M1g is Larger Than M2g
        36:29
        One of the Object is Incline : Friction Case
        40:29
        Coefficient of Kinetic Friction
        41:18
        Net Force Acting on M2
        45:12
        Extra Example 1: Two Masses on Two Strings
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Three Objects on Rough Surface
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Acceleration of a Block
        -3
        Accelerating Frames

        1h 13m 28s

        Intro
        0:00
        What Does a Scale Measure
        0:11
        Example: Elevator on a Scale
        0:22
        Normal Force
        4:57
        Apparent Weight in an Elevator
        7:42
        Example: Elevator Starts Moving Upwards
        9:05
        Net Force (Newton's Second Law)
        11:34
        Apparent Weight
        14:36
        Pendulum in an Accelerating Train
        15:58
        Example: Object Hanging on the Ceiling of a Train
        16:15
        Angle In terms of Increased Acceleration
        22:04
        Mass and Spring in an Accelerating Truck
        23:40
        Example: Spring on a Stationary Truck
        23:55
        Surface of Truck is Frictionless
        27:38
        Spring is Stretched by distance X
        28:40
        Cup of Coffee
        29:55
        Example: Moving Train and Stationary Objects inside Train
        30:05
        Train Moving With Acceleration A
        32:45
        Force of Static Friction Acting on Cup
        36:30
        Extra Example 1: Train Slows with Pendulum
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Person in Elevator Releases Object
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Hanging Object in Elevator
        -3
        Circular Motion, Part 1

        1h 1m 15s

        Intro
        0:00
        Object Attached to a String Moving in a Horizontal Circle
        0:09
        Net Force on Object (Newton's Second Law)
        1:51
        Force on an Object
        3:03
        Tension of a String
        4:40
        Conical Pendulum
        5:40
        Example: Object Attached to a String in a Horizontal Circle
        5:50
        Weight of an Object Vertically Down
        8:05
        Velocity And Acceleration in Vertical Direction
        11:20
        Net Force on an Object
        13:02
        Car on a Horizontal Road
        16:09
        Net Force on Car (Net Vertical Force)
        18:03
        Frictionless Road
        18:43
        Road with Friction
        22:41
        Maximum Speed of Car Without Skidding
        26:05
        Banked Road
        28:13
        Road Inclined at an Angle ø
        28:32
        Force on Car
        29:50
        Frictionless Road
        30:45
        Road with Friction
        36:22
        Extra Example 1: Object Attached to Rod with Two Strings
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Car on Banked Road
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Person Held Up in Spinning Cylinder
        -3
        Circular Motion, Part 2

        50m 29s

        Intro
        0:00
        Normal Force by a Pilot Seat
        0:14
        Example : Pilot Rotating in a Circle r and Speed s
        0:33
        Pilot at Vertical Position in a Circle of Radius R
        4:18
        Net Force on Pilot Towards Center (At Bottom)
        5:53
        Net Force on Pilot Towards Center (At Top)
        7:55
        Object Attached to a String in Vertical Motion
        10:46
        Example: Object in a Circle Attached to String
        10:59
        Case 1: Object with speed v and Object is at Bottom
        11:30
        Case 2: Object at Top in Vertical Motion
        15:24
        Object at Angle ø (General Position)
        17:48
        2 Radial Forces (Inward & Outward)
        20:32
        Tension of String
        23:44
        Extra Example 1: Pail of Water in Vertical Circle
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Roller Coaster Vertical Circle
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Bead in Frictionless Loop
        -3
        Work

        1h 27m 50s

        Work Done by a Constant Force
        0:09
        Example: Force f on Object Moved a Displacement d in Same Direction
        0:24
        Force Applied on Object at Angle ø and Displacement d
        2:00
        Work Done
        3:59
        Force Perpendicular to Displacement (No Work)
        5:40
        Example: Lifting an Object from the Surface of Earth to Height h
        5:58
        Total Work Done
        7:39
        Example: Object on an Inclined Surface
        8:08
        Example: Object on Truck
        10:18
        Work Done on a Box with No Friction
        11:05
        Work Done with Static Friction
        14:38
        Stretching or Compressing a Spring
        14:50
        Example: Stretching a Spring
        15:20
        Work Done in Stretching a Spring
        15:51
        Spring Stretched Amount A
        17:00
        Spring Stretched Amount B With Constant Velocity
        17:59
        Force at Starting
        19:29
        Force at End
        19:51
        Total Displacement
        20:43
        Average Force
        21:20
        Work Done
        21:51
        Compressing a Spring
        23:32
        Work Kinetic Energy Theorem
        24:02
        Object Mass M on Frictionless Surface
        24:32
        Object Moved a Displacement d With Acceleration a
        26:20
        Work Done on an Object by Net Force (Kinetic Energy Theorem)
        28:41
        Example: Object at Height
        30:39
        Force on Object
        32:25
        Work Energy Theorem
        34:14
        Block Pulled on a Rough Horizontal Surface
        35:14
        Object on a Surface with Friction
        35:26
        Coefficient of Kinetic Friction
        35:50
        Work Done by Net Force = Change in K.E
        38:09
        Applying a Force on an Object at an Angle ø and Displacement d
        39:40
        Net Force
        43:30
        Work Done
        44:03
        Potential Energy of a System
        44:39
        Potential Energy of Two or More Objects
        45:28
        Example: Object of Mass m at Height h
        46:15
        Earth and Object in Position
        46:56
        Potential Energy, u=mgh
        49:05
        Absolute Value of Potential Energy
        49:55
        Example: Two Objects at Different Heights
        50:47
        Elastic Potential Energy in a Spring Block System
        52:03
        Example: Spring of Mass m Stretching
        52:30
        Work Done Stretching a Spring
        54:29
        Power
        55:24
        Work Done by an Object
        56:13
        Rate of Doing Work
        56:41
        Extra Example 1: Work Done, Block on Horizontal Surface
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Object and Compressed Spring
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Person Running
        -3
        Conservation of Energy, Part 1

        1h 24m 49s

        Intro
        0:00
        Total Energy of an Isolated System
        0:13
        Example: Object in an Empty Space
        2:22
        Force Applied on an Object
        3:25
        Hot Object t in Vacuum
        4:09
        Hot Object Placed in Cold Water
        5:32
        Isolated System (Conservation of Energy)
        7:15
        Example: Earth and Object (Isolated System)
        8:29
        Energy May be Transformed from One Form to Another
        13:05
        Forms of Energy
        13:30
        Example: Earth Object System
        14:17
        Example: Object Falls from Height h (Transform of Energy)
        16:12
        Example: Object Moving on a Rough Surface
        17:54
        Spring-Block System: Horizontal System
        20:52
        Example: System of Block & Spring
        21:03
        Conservation of Energy
        26:49
        Velocity of Object at Any Point
        27:39
        Spring-Loaded Gun Shot Upwards
        29:02
        Example: Spring on a Surface Being Compressed
        29:19
        Speed of Pendulum
        37:43
        Example: Object Suspended from Ceiling with String
        38:07
        Swinging the Pendulum at Angle ø From Rest
        39:00
        Cart on a Circular Track: Losing Contact
        45:47
        Example: Cart on Circular Track (Frictionless)
        46:13
        When Does the Cart Lose Contact
        49:16
        Setting Fn=0 When an Object Loses Contact
        52:51
        Velocity of anObject at Angle ø (Conservation of Energy)
        53:47
        Extra Example 1: Mass on Track to Loop
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Pendulum Released from Rest
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Object Dropped onto Spring
        -3
        Conservation of Energy, Part 2

        1h 2m 52s

        Intro
        0:00
        Block Spring Collision
        0:16
        Spring Attached to Mass
        0:31
        Frictionless Surface
        0:51
        Object Collides with a Spring and Stops
        1:51
        Amount of Compression in a Spring
        3:39
        Surface with Friction
        4:17
        Object Collidse with Spring (Object Stops at Collision)
        4:51
        Force of Friction
        9:18
        Object Sliding Down an Incline
        10:58
        Example: Object on Inclined Surface
        11:15
        Frictionless Case to Find Velocity of an Object
        12:08
        Object at Rough Inclined Surface(Friction Case)
        14:52
        Heat Produced
        16:30
        Object Arrives at Lesser Speed with Friction
        21:11
        Connected Object in Motion
        22:35
        Two Objects Connected Over a Pulley ,Spring Connected to One Object
        22:47
        Coefficient of Friction (Initial & Final Configuration at Rest)
        25:27
        Object of m1 at Height h
        27:40
        If No Friction
        29:51
        Amount of Heat Produced In Presence of Friction
        30:31
        Extra Example 1: Objects and Springs
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Mass against Horizontal Spring
        -2
        Collisions, Part 1

        1h 31m 19s

        Intro
        0:00
        Linear Momentum
        0:10
        Example: Object of Mass m with Velocity v
        0:25
        Example: Object Bounced on a Wall
        1:08
        Momentum of Object Hitting a Wall
        2:20
        Change in Momentum
        4:10
        Force is the Rate of Change of Momentum
        4:30
        Force=Mass*Acceleration (Newton's Second Law)
        4:45
        Impulse
        10:24
        Example: Baseball Hitting a Bat
        10:40
        Force Applied for a Certain Time
        11:50
        Magnitude Plot of Force vs Time
        13:35
        Time of Contact of Baseball = 2 milliseconds (Average Force by Bat)
        17:42
        Collision Between Two Particles
        22:40
        Two Objects Collide at Time T
        23:00
        Both Object Exerts Force on Each Other (Newton's Third Law)
        24:28
        Collision Time
        25:42
        Total Momentum Before Collision = Total momentums After Collision
        32:52
        Collision
        33:58
        Types of Collisions
        34:13
        Elastic Collision ( Mechanical Energy is Conserved)
        34:38
        Collision of Particles in Atoms
        35:50
        Collision Between Billiard Balls
        36:54
        Inelastic Collision (Rubber Ball)
        39:40
        Two Objects Collide and Stick (Completely Inelastic)
        40:35
        Completely Inelastic Collision
        41:07
        Example: Two Objects Colliding
        41:23
        Velocity After Collision
        42:14
        Heat Produced=Initial K.E-Final K.E
        47:13
        Ballistic Pendulum
        47:37
        Example: Determine the Speed of a Bullet
        47:50
        Mass Swings with Bulled Embedded
        49:20
        Kinetic Energy of Block with the Bullet
        50:28
        Extra Example 1: Ball Strikes a Wall
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Clay Hits Block
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Bullet Hits Block
        -3
        Extra Example 4: Child Runs onto Sled
        -4
        Collisions, Part 2

        1h 18m 48s

        Intro
        0:00
        Elastic Collision: One Object Stationary
        0:28
        Example: Stationary Object and Moving Object
        0:42
        Conservation of Momentum
        2:48
        Mechanical Energy Conservation
        3:43
        Elastic Collision: Both Objects Moving
        17:34
        Example: Both Objects Moving Towards Each Other
        17:48
        Kinetic Energy Conservation
        19:20
        Collision With a Spring-Block System
        29:17
        Example: Object of Mass Moving with Velocity
        29:30
        Object Attached to Spring of Mass with Velocity
        29:50
        Two Objects Attached to a Spring
        31:30
        Compression of Spring after Collision
        33:41
        Before Collision: Total Energy (Conservation of Energy)
        37:25
        After Collision: Total Energy
        38:49
        Collision in Two Dimensions
        42:29
        Object Stationary and Other Object is Moving
        42:46
        Head on Collision (In 1 Dimension)
        44:07
        Momentum Before Collision
        45:45
        Momentum After Collision
        46:06
        If Collision is Elastic (Conservation of Kinetic Energy) Before Collision
        50:29
        Example
        51:58
        Objects Moving in Two Directions
        52:33
        Objects Collide and Stick Together (Inelastic Collision)
        53:28
        Conservation of Momentum
        54:17
        Momentum in X-Direction
        54:27
        Momentum in Y-Direction
        56:15
        Maximum Height after Collision
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Two Objects Hitting a Spring
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Mass Hits and Sticks
        -3
        Rotation of a Rigid Body About a Fixed Axis

        1h 13m 20s

        Intro
        0:00
        Particle in Circular Motion
        0:11
        Specify a Position of a Particle
        0:55
        Radian
        3:02
        Angular Displacement
        8:50
        Rotation of a Rigid Body
        15:36
        Example: Rotating Disc
        16:17
        Disk at 5 Revolution/Sec
        17:24
        Different Points on a Disk Have Different Speeds
        21:56
        Angular Velocity
        23:03
        Constant Angular Acceleration: Kinematics
        31:11
        Rotating Disc
        31:42
        Object Moving Along x-Axis (Linear Case)
        33:05
        If Alpha= Constant
        35:15
        Rotational Kinetic Energy
        42:11
        Rod in X-Y Plane, Fixed at Center
        42:43
        Kinetic Energy
        46:45
        Moment of Inertia
        52:46
        Moment of Inertia for Certain Shapes
        54:06
        Rod at Center
        54:47
        Ring
        55:45
        Disc
        56:35
        Cylinder
        56:56
        Sphere
        57:20
        Extra Example 1: Rotating Wheel
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Two Spheres Attached to Rotating Rod
        -2
        Static Equilibrium

        1h 38m 57s

        Intro
        0:00
        Torque
        0:09
        Introduction to Torque
        0:16
        Rod in X-Y Direction
        0:30
        Particle in Equilibrium
        18:15
        Particle in Equilibrium, Net Force=0
        18:30
        Extended Object Like a Rod
        19:13
        Conditions of Equilibrium
        26:34
        Forces Acting on Object (Proof of Torque)
        31:46
        The Lever
        35:38
        Rod on Lever with Two Masses
        35:51
        Standing on a Supported Beam
        40:53
        Example : Wall and Beam Rope Connect Beam and Wall
        41:00
        Net Force
        45:38
        Net Torque
        48:33
        Finding ø
        52:50
        Ladder About to Slip
        53:38
        Example: Finding Angle ø Where Ladder Doesn't slip
        53:44
        Extra Example 1: Bear Retrieving Basket
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Sliding Cabinet
        -2
        Simple Harmonic Motion

        1h 33m 39s

        Intro
        0:00
        (Six x)/x
        0:09
        (Sin x)/x Lim-->0
        0:17
        Definition of Sine
        5:57
        Sine Expressed in Radians
        8:09
        Example: Sin(5.73)
        9:26
        Derivative Sin(Ax+b)
        12:14
        f(x)=Sin(ax+b)
        13:11
        Sin(α+β)
        14:56
        Derivative Cos(Ax+b)
        20:05
        F(x)=Cos(Ax+b)
        20:10
        Harmonic Oslillation: Equation of Motion
        26:00
        Example: Object Attached to Spring
        26:25
        Object is Oscillating
        27:04
        Force Acting on Object F=m*a
        31:21
        Equation of Motion
        34:41
        Solution to The Equation of Motion
        36:40
        x(t) Funtion of time
        38:50
        x=Cos(ωt+ø) Taking Derivative
        41:33
        Period
        50:37
        Pull The Spring With Mass and Time t Released
        50:54
        Calculating Time Period =A cos(ωt - φ)
        52:53
        Energy of Harmonic Oscillator
        55:59
        Energy of The Oscillator
        56:58
        Pendulum
        58:10
        Mass Attached to String and Swing
        58:20
        Extra Example 1: Two Springs Attached to Wall
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Simple Pendulum
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Block and Spring Oscillation
        -3
        Universal Gravitation

        1h 9m 20s

        Intro
        0:00
        Newton's Law of Gravity
        0:09
        Two Particles of Mass m1,m2
        1:22
        Force of Attraction
        3:02
        Sphere and Small Particle of Mass m
        4:39
        Two Spheres
        5:35
        Variation of g With Altitude
        7:24
        Consider Earth as an Object
        7:33
        Force Applied To Object
        9:27
        At or Near Surface of Earth
        11:51
        Satellites
        15:39
        Earth and Satellite
        15:45
        Geosynchronous Satellite
        21:25
        Gravitational Potential Energy
        27:32
        Object and Earth Potential Energy=mgh
        24:45
        P.E=0 When Objects are Infinitely Separated
        30:32
        Total Energy
        38:28
        If Object is Very Far From Earth, R=Infinity
        40:25
        Escape
        42:33
        Shoot an Object Which Should Not Come Back Down
        43:06
        Conservation of Energy
        48:48
        Object at Maximum Height (K.E=0)
        45:22
        Escape Velocity (Rmax = Infinity)
        46:50
        Extra Example 1: Density of Earth and Moon
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Satellite Orbiting Earth
        -2
        Fluids: Statics

        1h 41m

        Intro
        0:00
        Mass Density
        0:23
        Density of Mass Solid
        0:33
        Density of Liquid
        1:06
        Density of Gas
        1:22
        Density of Aluminium
        2:03
        Desnsity of Water
        2:34
        Density of Air
        2:45
        Example: Room
        3:11
        Pressure
        4:59
        Pressure at Different Points in Liquid
        5:09
        Force on Face of Cube
        6:40
        Molecules Collide on Face of Cube
        9:34
        Newton's Third Law
        10:20
        Variation of Pressure With Depth
        15:12
        Atmospheric Pressure
        16:08
        Cylinder in a Fluid of Height H
        19:40
        Hydraulic Press
        29:50
        Fluid Cylider
        30:12
        Hydraulics
        35:56
        Archimedes Principle
        40:23
        Object in a Fluid (Submerged)
        40:55
        Volume of a Cylinder
        45:24
        Mass of Displaced Fluid
        45:48
        Buoyant Force
        47:30
        Weighing a Crown
        51:03
        Crown Suspended on Scale in Air
        51:24
        Crown Weighed in Water
        51:42
        Density of Gold
        57:20
        Extra Example 1: Aluminum Ball in Water
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Swimming Pool
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Helium Balloon
        -3
        Extra Example 4: Ball in Water
        -4
        Fluids in Motion

        1h 8m 43s

        Intro
        0:00
        Ideal Fluid Flow
        0:15
        Fluid Flow is Steady
        0:57
        Fluid is Incompressable (Density is Uniform)
        2:50
        Fluid Flow is Non-Viscous
        3:49
        Honey
        4:10
        Water
        4:32
        Fluid Flow (Rotational)
        6:15
        Equation of Continuity
        9:05
        Fluid Flowing in a Pipe
        9:20
        Fluid Entering Pipe
        11:00
        Fluid Leaving Pipe
        15:26
        Garden Hose
        21:20
        Filling a Bucket
        22:30
        Speed of Water
        24:05
        Bernoulli's Equation
        28:45
        Pipe Varying with Height and Cross Section
        29:18
        Net Work Done
        35:37
        Venturi Tube
        43:31
        Finding V1, V2 with Two Unknowns
        46:20
        Equation of Continutity
        46:55
        Extra Example 1: Water in a Pipe
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Water Tank with Hole
        -2
        Section 2: Thermodynamics
        Temperature

        1h 16m 17s

        Intro
        0:00
        Celsius and Fahrenheit
        0:20
        Thermometer in Ice Water
        1:03
        Thermometer in Boiling Water
        3:03
        Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion
        10:30
        Kelvin Temperature Scale
        11:15
        Constant Volume Gas Thermometer
        11:57
        Measuring Temperature of Liquid
        12:25
        Temperature Increase, Pressure Increase
        14:56
        Absolute Zero -273.15 Degree/Celsius
        22:34
        Thermometers
        25:44
        Thermometric Property
        26:14
        Constant Volume Gas Thermometer
        27:53
        Example: Electrical Resistance
        29:05
        Linear Thermal Expansion
        31:40
        Heated Metal Rod
        31:58
        Expansion of Holes
        41:05
        Sheet of Some Substance and Heat it
        41:16
        Sheet with Hole
        42:04
        As Temperature Increases, Hole Expands
        46:42
        Volume Thermal Expansion
        47:02
        Cube of Aluminum
        47:14
        Water Expands More than Glass
        53:44
        Behavior of Water Near 4c
        54:33
        Plotting the Density of Water
        54:55
        Extra Example 1: Volume of Diesel Fuel
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Brass Pendulum
        -2
        Heat

        1h 22m 1s

        Intro
        0:00
        Heat and Internal Energy
        0:09
        Cup of Hot Tea, Object is Hot
        0:50
        Heat Flows From Hot Object to Cold Object
        3:06
        Internal Energy , Kinetic+Potential Energy of All Atoms
        5:50
        Specific Heat
        9:01
        Object of Substance
        9:18
        Temperature Change by Delta T
        10:03
        Mass of Water
        17:29
        Calorimeter
        21:35
        Calorimeter-Thermal Insulated Container
        22:23
        Latent Heat
        30:23
        Ice at 0 degrees
        30:52
        Heating the Ice
        31:15
        Water-Latent Heat of Fusion
        33:50
        Converting Ice from -20 to 0 Degree
        38:35
        Example: Ice Water
        42:10
        Water of Mass 0.2 Kg
        42:23
        Mass of Ice that is Melted
        48:23
        Transfer Of Heat
        48:27
        Convection Mass Moment
        49:00
        Conduction
        53:14
        Radiation
        57:42
        Extra Example 1: Electric Heater with Water
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Mass of Steam
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Water in Pool
        -3
        Kinetic Theory of Gases

        1h 14m 37s

        Intro
        0:00
        Ideal Gas Law
        0:08
        Ideal Gas Definition
        0:24
        1 Mole of Gas
        1:49
        Avogadro's Number
        2:21
        Gas in a Container, Pressure Increases with Temperature
        6:22
        Ideal Gas law
        10:30
        Boltzmann's Constant
        12:49
        Example
        13:30
        Conceptual Example
        13:48
        Shake and Open the Coke Bottle
        14:36
        Quantitative Example: Container with Gas
        19:50
        Heat the Gas to 127 Degrees
        20:23
        Kinetic Theory
        24:06
        Container in a Cube Shape
        24:16
        Molecules Travelling with Velocity v
        26:01
        Change in Momentum of Molecule Per Second
        30:38
        Newton's Third law
        31:58
        Example
        45:40
        5 Moles of Helium in Container
        45:50
        Finding Number of Atoms
        47:23
        Calculating Pressure
        48:46
        Distribution of Molecules
        49:45
        Root Mean Square
        53:10
        Extra Example 1: Helium Gas in Balloon
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Oxygen Molecules
        -2
        First Law of Thermodynamics

        1h 31m 27s

        Intro
        0:00
        Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
        0:09
        Two Objects in Contact
        0:29
        Thermometer in Thermal Equilibrium (Exchanged Energy)
        5:20
        First Law of Thermodynamics
        6:06
        Monatomic Ideal Gas
        6:20
        Internal Energy
        9:59
        Change in Internal Energy of System
        18:35
        Work Done on a Gas
        22:29
        Cylinder with Frictionless Piston
        22:50
        Displacement of Piston
        25:11
        Under Constant Pressure
        27:37
        Work Done by Gas
        34:24
        Example
        35:29
        Ideal gas, Monatomic Expands Isobarically
        35:48
        Isobaric: Process at Constant Atmospheric Pressure
        37:33
        Work Done By Gas
        40:21
        Example 2
        47:19
        Steam
        47:30
        Cylinder with Steam
        49:20
        Work Done By Gas
        51:20
        Change in Internal Energy of System
        52:53
        Extra Example 1: Gas Expanding Isobarically
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Block of Aluminum
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Gas in Piston
        -3
        Thermal Process in an Ideal Gas

        1h 47m 16s

        Intro
        0:00
        Isobaric and Isovolumetric Process
        0:13
        Isobaric Definition
        0:24
        PV Diagram
        0:54
        Isovolumetric Process
        1:37
        Total work done By gas
        8:08
        Isothermal Expansion
        11:20
        Isothermal Definition
        11:42
        Piston on a Container
        12:57
        Work Done by Gas
        22:01
        Example
        22:09
        5 Moles of Helium gas
        22:20
        Determining T
        26:20
        Molar Specific Heat
        27:11
        Heating a Substance
        27:30
        Ideal Monoatomics Gas
        35:15
        Temperature Change in Constant Volume
        35:31
        Temperature Change in Constant Pressure
        39:10
        Adiabatic Process
        48:44
        IsoVolumetric Process V=0
        48:57
        Isobaric Process at P=0
        49:15
        Isothermal C=0
        49:36
        Adiabatic Process: Definition
        50:33
        Extra Example 1: Gas in Cycle
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Gas Compressed Isothermally
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Two Compartments of Gas
        -3
        Heat Engines and Second Law of Thermodynamics

        1h 3m 37s

        Intro
        0:00
        Introduction
        0:13
        Statement of Conservation of Energy
        0:44
        Flow of Heat from Hot to Cold
        3:31
        Heat Engines: Kelvin-Plank Statement
        4:36
        Steam Engine
        4:55
        Efficiency of Engine
        10:49
        Kelvin Plank Statement of Second Law
        13:25
        Example
        17:01
        Heat Engine with Efficiency 25%
        17:10
        Work Done During 1 cycle
        18:03
        Power
        20:15
        Heat Pump: Clausius Statement
        20:47
        Refrigerator
        26:35
        Coefficient of Performance (COP)
        27:48
        Clausius Statement
        34:03
        Impossible Engine
        35:15
        Equivalence of Two Statements
        36:51
        Suppose Kelvin-Plank Statement is False
        38:16
        Clausius Statement is False
        43:46
        Extra Example 1: Heat Engine Cycle
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Refrigerator
        -2
        Carnot Engine

        1h 36m 57s

        Intro
        0:00
        Reversible Process
        0:55
        All Real Processes are Irreversible
        3:20
        Ball Falls Onto Sand
        3:49
        Heat Flow from Hot to Cold
        7:30
        Container with Gas and Piston (Frictionless)
        9:20
        Carnot Engine
        15:29
        Cylinder With Piston
        16:01
        Isothermal Expansion
        19:15
        Insulate Base of Cylinder
        19:39
        Efficiency
        32:40
        Work Done by Gas
        34:42
        Carnot Principle
        46:44
        Heat Taken From Hot Reservoir
        54:40
        Example
        56:53
        Steam Engine with Two Temperatures
        57:12
        Work Done
        59:21
        Extra Example 1: Carnot Isothermal Expansion
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Energy In Out as Heat
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Gas through Cycle
        -3
        Entropy and Second Law of Thermodynamics

        53m 32s

        Intro
        0:00
        One Way Process
        0:40
        Hot to Cold (Conserved Energy)
        1:12
        Gas in a Insulated Container
        2:03
        Entropy
        9:05
        Change in Entropy
        16:13
        System at Constant Temperature
        16:35
        Insulated Container
        19:51
        Work Done by Gas
        26:40
        Second Law of Thermodynamics: Entropy Statement
        29:30
        Irreversible Process
        30:10
        Gas Reservoir
        33:02
        Extra Example 1: Ice Melting
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Partition with Two Gases
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Radiation from Sun
        -3
        Section 3: Waves
        Traveling Waves

        1h 21m 27s

        Intro
        0:00
        What is a Wave?
        0:19
        Example: Rod and Swinging Balls
        0:55
        Huge Number of Atoms
        2:35
        Disturbance Propagates
        5:51
        Source of Disturbance
        8:25
        Wave Propagation
        8:50
        Mechanism of Medium
        10:18
        Disturbance Moves
        12:19
        Types of Waves
        12:52
        Transverse Wave
        13:11
        Longitudinal Wave
        17:30
        Sinusoidal Waves
        26:47
        Every Cycle has 1 Wavelength
        35:15
        Time for Each Cycle
        36:32
        Speed of Wave
        37:10
        Speed of Wave on Strings
        42:24
        Formula for Wave Speed
        51:11
        Example
        51:25
        String with Blade Generate Pulse
        51:35
        Reflection of Waves
        55:18
        String Fixed at End
        55:37
        Wave Inverted
        58:31
        Wave on a Frictionless Ring
        58:52
        Free End: No Inverted Reflection
        1:00:18
        Extra Example 1: Tension in Cord
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Waves on String
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Mass on Cord with Pulse
        -3
        Sound

        1h 20m 56s

        Intro
        0:00
        Longitudinal Sound Wave
        0:12
        Tube Filled With Gas and Piston at One End
        1:07
        Compression or Condensation
        5:01
        Moving the Piston Back
        6:16
        Rarefraction
        7:06
        Wavelength
        11:57
        Frequency
        13:07
        Diaphragm of a Large Speaker
        13:20
        Audible Wave Human Being
        14:50
        Frequency Less Than 20 Khz Infrasonic Wave
        15:40
        Larger Than 20 Khz Ultrasonic Wave
        16:15
        Pressure as a Sound Wave
        18:30
        Sound Wave Propagation in Tube
        19:13
        Speed of Sound
        25:10
        Speed of Sound in Gas
        32:50
        Speed of Sound at 0 Degrees
        36:50
        Speed of Sound in Liquid
        41:48
        Speed of Sound in Solid
        46:00
        Sound Intensity
        46:29
        Energy Produced/Sec
        49:12
        Decibels
        51:10
        Sound Level or Intensity Level
        54:30
        Threshold of Hearing
        54:52
        Extra Example 1: Eardrum
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Sound Detector
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Lightning and Thunder
        -3
        Doppler Effect

        1h 33m 51s

        Intro
        0:00
        Observer Moving, Source Stationary
        0:10
        Observer Intercepts the Wave Front
        1:47
        Number of Waves Intercepted
        5:25
        Wave Fronts Integrated
        6:05
        Towards the Source
        11:15
        Moving Away from Source
        15:02
        Example: Rain
        19:42
        Observer Stationary Source Moving
        20:40
        During Time
        27:43
        Wavelength Measured by Observed
        28:38
        General Case
        33:27
        Source and Observer Moving
        33:40
        Observer is Moving
        33:50
        Observer is Stationary
        34:24
        Supersonic Speed
        43:30
        Airplane
        44:03
        Extra Example 1: Oscillating Spring
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Police Siren
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Sonic Jet
        -3
        Interference

        1h 18m 44s

        Intro
        0:00
        Principle of Linear Superposition
        0:10
        Example: String Sending Two Pulses
        1:26
        Sum of Two Pulses
        3:38
        Interference
        11:56
        Two Speakers Driven By Same Frequency
        12:29
        Constructive Interference
        22:09
        Destructive Interference
        33:06
        Example
        37:25
        Two Speakers
        37:42
        Speed of Sound
        38:25
        Diffraction
        43:53
        Circular Aperture
        49:59
        Beats
        52:15
        Two Frequency
        53:02
        Time Separated by 1 sec
        59:55
        Extra Example 1: Two Speakers
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Tube and Sound Detector
        -2
        Standing Waves

        1h 34m 34s

        Intro
        0:00
        Standing Wave on String
        0:09
        Propagation Waves
        0:59
        String with Both Ends Fixed
        1:06
        Sine Wave
        5:43
        Placing Two Nodes and Vibrating String
        7:26
        Fundamental Frequency
        13:50
        First Overtone
        14:05
        Example
        20:49
        Spring
        21:08
        Hanging a Weight with a Pulley
        21:26
        Air Columns
        26:22
        Pipe Open at Both Ends
        27:13
        Pipe Open at One End
        36:55
        Example
        41:56
        Container with Water
        42:05
        Tuning Fork
        43:00
        Resonance
        44:07
        Length of Pipe Producing Wavelength
        51:51
        Extra Example 1: String Sound Wave
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Block with Wire is Plucked
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Pipe Natural Frequencies
        -3
        Section 4: Electricity and Magnetism
        Electric Force

        56m 18s

        Intro
        0:00
        Electric Charge
        0:18
        Matter Consists of Atom
        1:01
        Two Types of Particles: Protons & Neutrons
        1:48
        Object with Excess Electrons: Negatively Charged
        7:58
        Carbon Atom
        8:30
        Positively Charged Object
        9:55
        Electric Charge
        10:07
        Rubber Rod Rubs Against Fur (Negative Charge)
        10:16
        Glass Rod Rub Against Silk (Positive Charge)
        11:48
        Hanging Rubber Rod
        12:44
        Conductors and Insulators
        16:00
        Electrons Close to Nucleus
        18:34
        Conductors Have Mobile Charge
        21:30
        Insulators: No Moving Electrons
        23:06
        Copper Wire Connected to Excess Negative charge
        23:22
        Other End Connected to Excess Positive Charge
        24:09
        Charging a Metal Object
        27:25
        By Contact
        28:05
        Metal Sphere on an Insulating Stand
        28:16
        Charging by Induction
        30:59
        Negative Rubber Rod
        31:26
        Size of Atom
        36:08
        Extra Example 1: Three Metallic Objects
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Rubber Rod and Two Metal Spheres
        -2
        Coulomb's Law

        1h 27m 18s

        Intro
        0:00
        Coulomb's Law
        0:59
        Two Point Charges by Distance R
        1:11
        Permitivity of Free Space
        5:28
        Charges on the Vertices of a Triangle
        8:00
        3 Charges on Vertices of Right Triangle
        8:29
        Charge of 4, -5 and -2 micro-Coulombs
        10:00
        Force Acting on Each Charge
        10:58
        Charges on a Line
        21:29
        2 Charges on X-Axis
        22:40
        Where Should Q should be Placed, Net Force =0
        23:23
        Two Small Spheres Attached to String
        31:08
        Adding Some Charge
        32:03
        Equilibrium Net Force on Each Sphere = 0
        33:38
        Simple Harmonic Motion of Point Charge
        37:40
        Two Charges on Y-Axis
        37:55
        Charge is Attracted
        39:52
        Magnitude of Net Force on Q
        42:23
        Extra Example 1: Vertices of Triangle
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Tension in String
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Two Conducting Spheres
        -3
        Extra Example 4: Force on Charge
        -4
        Electric Field

        1h 37m 24s

        Intro
        0:00
        Definition of Electric Field
        0:11
        Q1 Produces Electric Field
        3:23
        Charges on a Conductor
        4:26
        Field of a Point Charge
        13:10
        Charge Point Between Two Fields
        13:20
        Electric Field E=kq/r2
        14:29
        Direction of the Charge Field
        15:10
        Positive Charge, Field is Radially Out
        15:45
        Field of a Collection of a Point Charge
        19:40
        Two Charges Q1,Q2
        19:56
        Q1 Positive, Electric Field is Radially Out
        20:32
        Q2 is Negative, Electric Field is Radially Inward
        20:46
        4 Charges are Equal
        23:54
        Parallel Plate Capacitor
        25:42
        Two Plates ,Separated by a Distance
        26:44
        Fringe Effect
        30:26
        E=Constant Between the Parallel Plate Capacitor
        30:40
        Electric Field Lines
        35:16
        Pictorial Representation of Electric Field
        35:30
        Electric Lines are Tangent to the Vector
        35:57
        Lines Start at Positive Charge, End on Negative Charge
        41:24
        Parallel Line Proportional to Charge
        45:51
        Lines Never Cross
        46:00
        Conductors and Shielding
        49:33
        Static Equilibrium
        51:09
        No Net Moment of Charge
        53:09
        Electric Field is Perpendicular to the Surface of Conductor
        55:40
        Extra Example 1: Plastic Sphere Between Capacitor
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Electron Between Capacitor
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Zero Electric Field
        -3
        Extra Example 4: Dimensional Analysis
        -4
        Electric Potential

        1h 17m 9s

        Intro
        0:00
        Electric Potential Difference
        0:11
        Example :Earth and Object
        0:36
        Work Done
        2:01
        Work Done Against Field
        5:31
        Difference in Potential, Between Points
        9:08
        Va=Vb+Ed
        11:35
        Potential Difference in a Constant Electric Field
        18:03
        Force Applied Along the Path
        18:42
        Work Done Along the Path
        23:28
        Potential Difference is Same
        23:45
        Point Charge
        28:50
        Electric Field of Point Charge is Radial
        29:10
        Force Applied is Perpendicular to Displacement
        32:01
        Independent of Path
        41:08
        Collection of Point Charge
        43:56
        Electric Potential at Charge Points
        44:15
        Equipotentail Surface
        46:33
        Plane Perpendicular to Field
        46:49
        Force Perpendicular to Surface
        47:37
        Potential Energy: System of a Two Point Charges
        54:17
        Work Done in Moving the Charge to Infinity
        55:53
        Potential Energy: System of Point Charges
        57:05
        Extra Example 1: Electric Potential of Particle
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Particle Fired at Other Particle
        -2
        Capacitor

        1h 24m 14s

        Intro
        0:00
        Capacitance
        0:09
        Consider Two Conductor s
        0:25
        Electric Field Passing from Positive to Negative
        1:19
        Potential Difference
        3:31
        Defining Capacitance
        3:51
        Parallel Plate Capacitance
        8:30
        Two Metallic Plates of Area a and Distance d
        8:46
        Potential Difference between Plates
        13:12
        Capacitance with a Dielectric
        22:14
        Applying Electric Field to a Capacitor
        22:44
        Dielectric
        30:32
        Example
        34:56
        Empty Capacitor
        35:12
        Connecting Capacitor to a Battery
        35:26
        Inserting Dielectric Between Plates
        39:02
        Energy of a Charged Capacitor
        43:01
        Work Done in Moving a Charge, Difference in Potential
        47:48
        Example
        54:10
        Parallel Plate Capacitor
        54:22
        Connect and Disconnect the Battery
        55:27
        Calculating Q=cv
        55:50
        Withdraw Mica Sheet
        56:49
        Word Done in Withdrawing the Mica
        1:00:23
        Extra Example 1: Parallel Plate Capacitor
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Mica Dielectric
        -2
        Combination of Capacitors

        1h 3m 23s

        Intro
        0:00
        Parallel Combination
        0:20
        Two Capacitors in Parallel With a Battery
        0:40
        Electric Field is Outside
        5:47
        Point A is Directly Connected to Positive Terminal
        7:57
        Point B is Directly Connected to Negative Terminal
        8:10
        Voltage Across Capacitor
        12:54
        Energy Stored
        14:52
        Series Combination
        17:58
        Two Capacitors Connected End to End With a Battery
        18:10
        Equivalent Capacitor
        25:20
        A is Same Potential
        26:59
        C is Same Potential
        27:06
        Potential Difference Across First Capacitor (Va-Vb)
        27:42
        (Vb-Vc) is Potential Difference Across Second Capacitor
        28:10
        Energy Stored in C1,C2
        29:53
        Example
        31:07
        Two Capacitor in Series, 2 in Parallel, 3 in Parallel, 1 Capacitor Connected
        31:28
        Final Equivalent Circuit
        37:31
        Extra Example 1: Four Capacitors
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Circuit with Switches
        -2
        Electric Current

        1h 19m 17s

        Intro
        0:00
        Definition
        0:20
        Consider a Wire ,Cylindrical
        0:40
        Cross Sectional Area
        1:06
        Crossing Charges Will be Counted
        2:50
        Amount of Charge Crosses Cross Sectional Area
        3:29
        Current I=q/t
        4:18
        Charges Flowing in Opposite Direction
        5:58
        Current Density
        6:19
        Applying Electric Field
        11:50
        Current in a Wire
        15:24
        Wire With a Cross Section Area A
        15:33
        Current Flowing to Right
        18:57
        How Much Charge Crosses Area A
        19:15
        Drift Velocity
        20:02
        Carriers in Cylinder
        22:40
        Ohm's Law
        24:58
        Va-Vb = Electric Field times Length of Wire
        28:27
        Ohm's Law
        28:54
        Consider a Copper Wire of 1m , Cross Sectional Area 1cm/sq
        34:24
        Temperature Effect
        37:07
        Heating a Wire
        37:05
        Temperature Co-Efficient of Resistivity
        39:57
        Battery EMF
        43:00
        Connecting a Resistance to Battery
        44:30
        Potential Difference at Terminal of Battery
        45:15
        Power
        53:30
        Battery Connected with a Resistance
        53:47
        Work Done on Charge
        56:55
        Energy Lost Per Second
        1:00:35
        Extra Example 1: Current
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Water Heater
        -2
        Circuits

        1h 34m 8s

        Intro
        0:00
        Simple Rules
        0:16
        Resistance in Series
        0:33
        Current Passing Per Second is Equal
        1:36
        Potential Difference
        3:10
        Parallel Circuit, R1, R2
        5:08
        Battery, Current Starts From Positive Terminal to Negative Terminal
        10:08
        Series Combination of Resistances
        13:06
        R1, R2 Connected to Battery
        13:35
        Va-Vb=Ir1,Vb-Vc=Ir2
        16:59
        Three Resistance Connected in Series Req=r1+r2+r3
        18:55
        Parallel Combination of Resistance
        19:28
        R1 and R2 Combined Parallel
        19:50
        I=i1+i2 (Total Current)
        24:26
        Requ=I/E
        24:51
        A Simple Circuit
        27:57
        Intro
        28:40
        Current Splits
        29:15
        Total Resistance
        31:52
        Current I= 6/17.2
        35:10
        Another Simple Circuit
        37:46
        Battery has Small Internal Resistance
        38:02
        2 Ohms Internal Resistance, and Two Resistance in Parallel
        38:24
        Drawing Circuit
        48:53
        Finding Current
        52:06
        RC Circuit
        55:17
        Battery , Resistance and Capacitance Connected
        55:30
        Current is Function of Time
        58:00
        R, C are Time Constants
        59:25
        Extra Example 1: Resistor Current/Power
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Find Current
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Find Current
        -3
        Extra Example 4: Find Current
        -4
        Kirchhoff's Rules

        1h 42m 2s

        Intro
        0:00
        First Kirchhoff Rule
        0:19
        Two Resistance Connected With a Battery
        0:29
        Many Resistance
        1:40
        Increase in Potential from A to B
        4:46
        Charge Flowing fromHigher Potential to Lower Potential
        5:13
        Second Kirchhoff Rule
        9:17
        Current Entering
        9:27
        Total Current Arriving is Equal Current Leaving
        13:20
        Example
        14:10
        Battery 6 V, Resistance 20, 30 Ohms and Another Battery 4v
        14:30
        Current Entering I2+I3
        21:18
        Example 2
        31:20
        2 Loop circuit with 6v and 12 v and Resistance, Find Current in Each Resistance
        32:29
        Example 3
        42:02
        Battery and Resistance in Loops
        42:23
        Ammeters and Voltmeters
        56:22
        Measuring Current is Introducing an Ammeter
        56:35
        Connecting Voltmeter, High Resistance
        57:31
        Extra Example 1: Find Current
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Find Current
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Find Current
        -3
        Magnetic Field

        1h 38m 19s

        Intro
        0:00
        Magnets
        0:13
        Compass Will Always Point North
        3:49
        Moving a Compass Needle
        5:50
        Force on a Charged Particles
        10:37
        Electric Field and Charge Particle Q
        10:48
        Charge is Positive Force
        11:11
        Charge Particle is At Rest
        13:38
        Taking a Charged Particle and Moving to Right
        16:15
        Using Right Hand Rule
        23:37
        C= Magnitude of A, B
        26:30
        Magnitude of C
        26:55
        Motion of Particle in Uniform Magnetic Field
        33:30
        Magnetic Field has Same Direction
        34:02
        Direction of Force
        38:40
        Work Done By Force=0
        41:40
        Force is Perpendicular With Velocity
        42:00
        Bending an Electron Beam
        48:09
        Heating a Filament
        48:29
        Kinetic Energy of Battery
        51:54
        Introducing Magnetic Field
        52:10
        Velocity Selector
        53:45
        Selecting Particles of Specific Velocity
        54:00
        Parallel Plate Capacitor
        54:30
        Magnetic Force
        56:20
        Magnitude of Force
        56:45
        Extra Example 1: Vectors
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Proton in Magnetic Field
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Proton Circular Path
        -3
        Force on a Current in a Magnetic Field

        1h 16m 3s

        Intro
        0:00
        Effect of Magnetic Field on Current
        0:44
        Conduction Wire, Horse Shoe Magnet
        0:55
        Introducing a Battery to the Wire
        3:10
        Wire Bends Pushing Left
        3:50
        Wire Bends Toward Right
        5:08
        In Absence of Magnetic Field
        5:34
        Magnet and Wire Force Towards Upward
        10:22
        Force
        11:55
        Conductor Connected to Battery, Carrying Current to Right
        12:52
        Magnetic Field Oriented into Page
        13:20
        Force on 1 Change
        20:00
        Total Force on Wire
        21:45
        Vector of magnitude
        25:40
        Direction is Scalar
        26:12
        Force on Wire
        31:00
        Torque on a Current loop
        35:38
        Square of Rectangle of Wire in Loop
        35:49
        Passing Current
        36:14
        Force on 1
        36:25
        Force on 3
        40:46
        Force on 2
        42:26
        Force on 4
        45:12
        Example
        49:33
        Wire of Length
        49:50
        Magnetic Field, Force on Wire
        52:37
        Extra Example 1: Lifting a Wire
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Rod on Two Rails
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Rod on Two Rails with Friction
        -3
        Magnetic Field Produced by Currents

        1h 16m 19s

        Intro
        0:00
        Long Straight Wire
        0:49
        Long Wire Connect to Battery (Imaginary Plane)
        1:07
        Introducing a Compass
        3:15
        Amperes Law/Biot-Savart law
        8:01
        Wire With Current I
        8:35
        Magnetic Permeability of Free Space
        11:41
        Example
        13:22
        Wire With Current 5 Amps
        13:35
        Calculation Magnetic Field Produced By Wire
        16:42
        Magnetic Force Between Parallel Current Carrying Wire
        21:34
        Two Wires Carrying Curren
        21:45
        Calculating Force of Attraction
        23:27
        Magnetic Field B Produced by First Wire
        25:14
        Force on Second Wire
        28:33
        Example
        33:59
        Wire on Ground
        34:10
        Another Wire
        34:24
        Magnetic Force on Wire 2
        37:35
        Coils
        41:16
        Circular Loop
        42:25
        Magnetic Field is Not Uniform
        42:55
        Magnetic Field at Center
        43:11
        Solenoid
        46:20
        Wire of length L in Coil with a Battery
        47:11
        Extra Example 1: Two Parallel Wires
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Magnetic Field of Wires
        -2
        Electromagnetic Induction

        1h 34m 15s

        Intro
        0:00
        Induced EMF
        0:51
        Electro Motive Force
        1:05
        Hang a Wire Loop and Using a Magnet
        3:02
        Magnetic Field is Strong
        7:07
        Induced EMF is Not Related
        9:20
        Motional EMF
        11:43
        Conducting Metal
        12:10
        Rod Moves to Right
        12:52
        Force Exerted on Charge Carrier
        15:20
        Potential Difference
        20:05
        Example
        25:57
        Rod in Magnetic Field, Connected by Wires
        27:10
        Power Dissipated
        32:18
        In 1 Minute, Total Energy Consumption
        34:53
        Where Does the Energy Come From
        37:50
        Magnetic Waves with Conductive Bar
        38:12
        To Keep the Rod Moving With Constant Velocity
        46:33
        Work Done By External Agent in 1 Min
        46:50
        Relation to Magnetic Flux
        51:03
        Area Swept by Rod
        54:44
        Magnetic Flux
        57:34
        Magnetic Field is Constant
        57:50
        Area Perpendicular To field
        58:02
        Extra Example 1: Motional EMF of Rod
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Motional EMF, Current, Power
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Current in Resistor
        -3
        Faraday's Law

        1h 30m 49s

        Intro
        0:00
        Faraday's Law
        0:57
        Coil Connected to Battery With Switch
        1:14
        Closed Switch Ammeter Reads Current
        3:45
        Current in First Coil Drops to Zero
        8:30
        Change in Flux Generates Current
        8:53
        Induced EMF
        9:13
        Example
        13:45
        Coil Has N Turns
        13:55
        Connecting the Ends of Wire to Resistance
        14:40
        Total Flux
        16:55
        Motional EMF Revisited
        25:04
        Rod Moving in a Magnetic Field
        25:24
        Magnetic Force Pushes Electrons
        28:01
        Magnetic Field is Perpendicular to Area
        31:50
        Flux in Loop
        32:15
        Lenz's Law
        40:03
        Magnetic Field into Page
        40:30
        Current Induced by Increased Flux
        44:35
        Current Induced to Oppose Change in Flux
        49:28
        Flux is Increasing, Opposing Created Magnetic Field In Opposite Direction
        55:01
        Extra Example 1: Loop of Wire in Magnetic Field
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Coil in Square
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Decreasing Magnetic Field
        -3
        Section 5: Optics
        Reflection of Light

        1h 12m 22s

        Intro
        0:00
        Nature of Light
        0:22
        Aristotle: Light Illuminated from Eye
        0:58
        Light Rays
        15:50
        Light Source Eliminates Stream Of Light
        16:22
        Wave Fronts and Crests
        16:57
        Reflection
        18:50
        Sending Light on Surface
        19:01
        Light Reflects Parallel Out
        19:20
        Specular Reflection
        20:06
        Surface is Not Smooth
        20:16
        Reflected in Different Direction
        20:35
        Law of Reflection
        21:47
        Light Ray Hits the Plane Mirror
        22:08
        Drawing Normal Perpendicular to Surface of Mirror
        22:50
        Angle of Incidence
        23:15
        Angle of Reflection
        23:50
        Path of Least Time
        26:43
        Fermat's Principle
        30:14
        Light Takes Path of Shortest Time
        38:49
        Formation of Image by Plane Mirror
        40:11
        Plane Mirror and a Source
        40:20
        Looking at first Reflection
        42:30
        S is the Real Object
        48:05
        Real and Virtual Object and Image
        50:10
        Optical Instrument
        50:37
        If Rays are Divergent Object is Real
        51:42
        Rays are Convergent, Virtual Object
        52:54
        Extra Example 1: Object Between Two Mirrors
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Plane Mirror Polished Side Up
        -2
        Spherical Mirror

        1h 30m 39s

        Intro
        0:00
        Concave and Convex Mirror
        0:17
        Piece of Mirror From a Spherical Mirror
        1:00
        If Inner face is Polished, Concave Mirror
        2:00
        Principal Axix
        3:41
        Polished Outer Side, Convex Mirror
        4:15
        Focal Point
        5:21
        Consider a Concave Mirror
        6:03
        Sending a Ray of Parallel Light
        6:18
        Paraxial Rays
        9:36
        Ray Diagrams
        19:10
        Concave Mirror
        19:25
        Principal Axis
        19:40
        Rays Diverging Virtual Image
        29:14
        Image Formation in Concave Mirrors: Real Object
        30:20
        Real Object
        30:51
        Draw a Ray to Principal Axis
        31:05
        Put the Object beyond F
        38:13
        Image Formation in Concave Mirrors: Virtual Object
        46:44
        Rays Leaving the Image: Diverging
        48:00
        Summary of Concave Mirror
        56:17
        Real Object real Image
        56:52
        Real Object Virtual Image
        57:11
        Virtual Object Real Image
        57:24
        Virtual Object Virtual Image
        57:40
        Extra Example 1: Concave Mirror Image Location
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Concave Mirror Focal Length
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Concave Mirror Image Location
        -3
        Convex Mirror

        1h 6m 47s

        Intro
        0:00
        Image Formation: Real Object
        0:21
        Drawing ray Parallel to Principal Axis
        1:15
        Virtual Object Producing real Image
        17:41
        Image Formation: Virtual Objects
        18:21
        Ray Going through C and Reflects Back
        18:40
        Real Object Virtual Image
        26:20
        Virtual Object: Real Image
        26:30
        Virtual Object: Virtual Image
        27:00
        Summary
        35:30
        Size of Image Over Size of Object
        36:12
        Magnification
        41:47
        Example: Convex Mirror
        42:38
        Extra Example 1: Convex Mirror
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Convex or Concave
        -2
        Refraction of Light, Part 1

        1h 30m 58s

        Intro
        0:00
        Index of Refraction
        0:31
        Speed of Light
        1:15
        Speed of Light in Medium
        3:02
        Index of Refraction of Medium
        3:33
        Index of Refraction of Water
        4:52
        Index of Refraction of Glass
        5:13
        Snell's Law
        8:09
        Light is Incident from One Medium to Another
        9:05
        Light Bends Toward the Normal
        10:49
        Example: Air/Water
        12:32
        Light is Incident at Angle of 53 Degrees
        13:09
        Water is more Optically Dense Than Air
        17:20
        Apparent Depth
        18:19
        Container of Water
        19:01
        Penny at the Bottom
        19:17
        Light Ray is Perpendicular to the Surface
        19:35
        From Snell's Law
        29:39
        Derivation of Snell's Law
        32:38
        Idea of Wave Fronts
        33:05
        Second Derivation of Snell's Law
        48:17
        Same as Fermat's Principal
        48:38
        Air and Water
        49:10
        Extra Example 1: Light Hits Glass
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Find Theta
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Index of Refraction
        -3
        Refraction of Light, Part 2

        1h 21m 37s

        Intro
        0:00
        Prism and the Rainbow
        0:13
        Monochromatic Light Through Prism
        1:09
        Sending White Light Through Prism
        7:08
        Violet Bends More Than Red Light
        8:12
        Angle Between Incident Light and Red
        13:25
        Water Drops in the Atmosphere
        14:10
        Total Internal Reflection
        18:13
        Surface has Air and Water
        18:30
        Increase Angle
        19:33
        Light Traveling in a Larger Index and Meets Lower Index
        29:30
        Water and Air Angle of Refraction is 90 Degree
        29:57
        Optical Fibers
        32:22
        Long Coaxial Cable
        32:40
        Choose Angle for No Light Leakage
        35:03
        Thin Lenses
        45:13
        Two Pieces of Transparent Glass
        45:58
        Plano Convex
        47:32
        Bi-Concave
        47:50
        Plano Concave
        48:05
        Lens Maker Formula
        51:59
        Ray Diagrams
        53:44
        Ray Through the Center
        53:06
        Extra Example 1: Angle of Incidence
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Block Underwater
        -2
        Images Formed by Lenses

        1h 25m 20s

        Intro
        0:00
        Converging Lenses: Real Objects
        0:25
        Ray Going Through Center
        1:50
        Converging Lens: Virtual Objects
        18:30
        Reverse Path
        20:40
        Virtual Object Real Image
        22:47
        Diverging Lens
        24:59
        Lens Summary
        33:40
        Object, Lens, Image
        34:52
        Object Distance to Lens
        35:21
        Image Distance to Lens
        36:01
        Focal Length
        36:12
        Magnification
        37:21
        Example: Converging Lens
        38:07
        Q=50 cm Real Image
        41:52
        Move Object 10 cm From the Lens
        42:30
        Diverging Lens
        45:20
        Extra Example 1: Converging Lens
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Diverging Lens
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Two Thing Converging Lenses
        -3
        Extra Example 4: Diverging Lens Final Image
        -4
        Interference of Light Waves

        1h 27m 2s

        Intro
        0:00
        Condition for Interference
        0:24
        Two Light Sources S1, S2
        0:49
        Source are Incoherent
        1:36
        Uniform Intensity on Screen
        6:10
        Source Should be Coherent
        6:31
        Source with Single Wavelength
        7:30
        Two Slits with One Source
        8:37
        Young's Double Slit Experiment
        13:33
        Wave Front Looks Planer
        14:15
        Light Propagates Like Waves
        17:58
        Constructive and Destructive Interference
        22:39
        Two Slits Separated by d
        23:01
        Consider a Point at Center of Screen
        24:33
        Path Difference
        34:46
        Constructive Interference
        35:59
        Destructive Interference
        36:05
        Example
        43:52
        Two Slits Separated
        44:09
        Screen is 2 ms Away
        44:30
        Second Order Maximum
        45:06
        First Maximum
        48:48
        Extra Example 1: Double Slit Wavelength
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Two Radio Antennas
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Double Slit Thickness
        -3
        Thin Film Interference

        1h 4m 58s

        Intro
        0:00
        Change of Phase Due to Reflection
        0:37
        Plane Mirror
        1:28
        Object Produces Virtual Image
        1:48
        Consider a Screen and Point
        2:04
        Path Difference
        3:40
        Constructive Interferences
        5:09
        Destructive Interference
        5:26
        Two Media N1, N2
        15:25
        N2>N1 Changes in Phase 180 Degrees
        15:40
        Thin Film Interference
        18:50
        Air and Film and Air Film of Thickness
        19:12
        Angle of Incident is Very Small
        19:40
        Two Waves are Destructive
        22:14
        Path Difference
        22:30
        If Delta=1, 2, 3 No Change in Phase
        27:44
        Destructive Interference
        29:12
        Constructive Interferences
        32:45
        Example: Soap Bubbles
        33:34
        Air, Soap, Air
        33:55
        Thickness Results in Constructive Interference
        35:58
        Example: Non-Reflective Coating For Solar Cells
        38:05
        Sending Light
        41:50
        Destructive Interference
        44:08
        Extra Example 1: Spaced Plates Separation
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Oil Film
        -2
        Diffraction

        1h 18m 22s

        Intro
        0:00
        Diffraction of Waves
        0:18
        Source of Sound Waves
        0:31
        Huygens' Principle
        1:14
        Diffraction of Light from Narrow Slit
        10:57
        Light From a Distant Source
        11:48
        Pick Any Point
        13:55
        Source of Wave Front
        14:36
        Waves Traveling Parallel to Each Other
        15:27
        Franhofer Diffraction
        19:38
        Drawing Perpendicular
        20:12
        First Maximum
        23:12
        Every Wave Has Interference and Diffraction
        27:44
        Width of Central Maximum
        32:49
        Width of Slit is 0.2 mm
        33:13
        Monochromatic Light
        33:40
        If Angle is << 1
        36:39
        If W= 2cms
        41:15
        Intensity of Diffraction Patterns
        44:21
        Plotting Intensity Versus Light
        44:59
        Resolution
        45:35
        Considering Two Source
        45:55
        Two Objects Resolved
        46:41
        Rayleigh Principle
        47:44
        Diffraction Grating
        51:18
        First Order Max
        58:00
        Intensity Shown in Figure
        58:21
        Extra Example 1: Slit Diffraction
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Minima in Diffraction Pattern
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Diffraction Grating
        -3
        Section 6: Modern Physics
        Dual Nature of Light

        1h 19m 2s

        Intro
        0:00
        Photoelectric Effect
        0:13
        Shine Light on Metal Surface
        2:39
        Another Metal Surface Both Enclosed and Connected to Battery
        3:02
        Connecting Ammeter to Read Current
        3:50
        Connecting a Variable Voltage
        4:20
        Negative Voltage Has Stopping Potential
        10:20
        Features of Photoelectric Effect
        20:44
        Dependence on Intensity
        21:01
        Energy Carried By Wave Proportional to Intensity
        21:11
        Kinetic Energy
        23:21
        Dependence of Photoemission on Time
        23:40
        Dependence on Frequency
        26:54
        Measuring Maximum Kinetic Energy
        31:11
        Einstein and the Photoelectric Effect
        31:21
        Stream of Quantum Particles
        33:00
        Dim Blue Light, Few Photons
        36:42
        Bright Red Light, Many Photons
        37:31
        Electron is Bound to Surface of Metal
        39:33
        Example
        44:20
        Incident Light 200 nm
        45:20
        Compton Scattering
        50:22
        Shooting X-Rays at Targets
        50:45
        Photons Colliding with Electrons
        55:48
        Compton Wavelength of Electron
        56:05
        Example
        57:25
        Lambda=0.1nm
        57:30
        Extra Example 1: Photoelectric Effect
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Different Frequency Radiation
        -2
        Matter Waves

        1h 30m 10s

        Intro
        0:00
        De Broglie Wavelength
        1:42
        Photon of light E=hf
        4:23
        For particles Lambda=hp
        12:20
        Davisson and Germer, Electron Diffraction
        14:06
        Double Slit, Instead of Light Shooting Electrons
        18:25
        Detecting Electrons on Flourescent Screen
        18:55
        Bright Fringes
        21:37
        Example
        26:03
        Electron Moves
        26:18
        Kinetic Energy of Electron
        32:20
        Wavelength of Baseball
        33:59
        Refraction Pattern
        40:00
        Uncertainty Principle
        41:44
        Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
        42:05
        Sending an Electron Through a Hole
        47:54
        In Y Direction the Position is Uncertain
        51:54
        Example
        57:00
        Speed of Electron
        57:09
        Position of Electron
        1:00:38
        Extra Example 1: Kinetic Energy of Electrons
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Uncertainty Principle
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Wavelength of Electron and Photon
        -3
        Hydrogen Atom

        1h 25m 50s

        Intro
        0:00
        Nuclear Model
        0:12
        J.J. Thomson Discovered Electrons
        1:40
        Rutherford Experiment
        2:52
        Example: Solar System
        13:39
        Planetary Model
        14:40
        Centripetal Acceleration
        16:48
        Line Spectra
        18:48
        Low Pressure Gas Connecting to High Voltage
        19:37
        Group of Wavelength
        21:06
        Emission Spectra
        21:28
        Lyman
        22:38
        Balmer Series
        22:52
        Pascen Series
        23:04
        Bohr's Model
        27:14
        Electron in Circular Orbit
        27:30
        Stationary Orbits
        28:34
        Radiation is Emitted When Electron Makes Transition
        29:37
        For Each Orbit Mass, Speed, Radius
        33:55
        Quantized Energy of the Bohr Model
        35:58
        Electron in Circular Orbit
        36:24
        Total Energy
        45:18
        Line Spectra Intercepted
        46:12
        Energy of Orbit
        46:30
        Balmer Series
        53:36
        Paschen Series
        53:56
        Example
        54:57
        N=1 and N=2
        55:01
        Extra Example 1: Balmer Series for Hydrogen
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Minimum n for Hydrogen
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Energy to Transition Electron
        -3
        Nuclear Physics

        1h 30m 30s

        Intro
        0:00
        Nucleus
        0:33
        Positively Charged Particles
        0:53
        Z=Atomic Mass Number
        2:08
        Example of Carbon, 6 Protons and 6 Neutrons
        5:34
        Nucleus with 27 Protons
        10:48
        Binding Energy
        18:56
        Intro
        19:10
        Helium Nucleus
        19:51
        Binding Energy
        24:28
        Alpha Decay
        29:08
        Energy of Uranium
        38:04
        Beta Decay
        43:03
        Nuclei Emits Negative Particles
        45:00
        Beta Particles are Electrons
        45:24
        Gamma Decay
        57:01
        Gamma Ray is Photon of High Energy
        57:13
        Nucleus Emits a Photon
        59:02
        Extra Example 1: Radium Alpha Decay
        -1
        Extra Example 2: Binding Energy of Iron
        -2
        Extra Example 3: Missing Particle
        -3
        Educator®

        Please sign in to participate in this lecture discussion.

        Resetting Your Password?
        or
        Still having trouble? Contact us
        OR

        Start Learning Now

        Our free lessons will get you started (Adobe Flash® required).
         Get immediate access to our entire library.

        Membership Overview

        • Available 24/7. Unlimited Access to Our Entire Library.
        • Search and jump to exactly what you want to learn.
        • *Ask questions and get answers from the community and our teachers!
        • Practice questions with step-by-step solutions.
        • Download lecture slides for taking notes.
        • Track your course viewing progress.
        • Accessible anytime, anywhere with our Android and iOS apps.