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Alvin Sylvain

Alvin Sylvain

Arrays & Pointers

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Table of Contents

Section 1: Introduction to C++
Introduction

26m 51s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:11
What You'll Learn
0:51
Evaluate & Write Some Real C++ Code
3:22
Learn Some 'Best Practices'
3:43
C++ in the Wild
4:01
Examples
7:11
Declare an Integer
7:20
Call Functions
7:41
Examples
10:20
Factorial
10:36
Loop
12:20
Examples
13:20
If Greater Than 0
14:06
If Each 0 Equal 1
14:23
Modular Example - Function
14:34
Trig - Examples
16:44
A Brief History
19:02
Combines Features From Simula 67 and C
19:20
1998 - First International Standard Known as C++98
20:14
2011- New C++11
20:24
C=++ Advantages
20:36
Combines Functional Programming with Object-Oriented Programming
21:29
Compiled Code Works Closely with the Hardware
22:18
Language Elements
22:51
C++ Disadvantages
23:09
Little Run-Time Checking
23:39
Library of Tools are Not as Extensive as Other Languages
24:40
Ready to Get Started!
26:35
Getting Started

44m 24s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:15
Acquiring a C++ Compiler - Windows
1:06
Setting up MinGW
2:44
Acquiring a C++ Compiler - Others
3:24
Redhat (Fedora) Linux
3:40
Ubuntu (Debian) Linux
4:19
Apple Macintosh
4:43
Acquiring a C++ Compiler - IDE
5:05
Eclipse CDT
5:12
Eclipse Older Version
6:30
Acquiring an Editor
6:46
Acquiring an Editor
8:36
Linux
8:40
Macintosh
8:51
'Hello World' Everybody's First Program
9:35
Source Code
13:31
Basic Program Structure
17:50
Example
20:14
Basic Program Structure
21:02
Main Function Definition
21:29
Compiling, Linking, Running
22:14
Examples: Compile
22:47
Link
24:55
Build Tools
26:11
Build a 'Makefile'
26:26
Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
27:25
Quick Note on Variable Declaration
28:03
Example: Integers
28:26
Example: Floating Point Numbers
29:05
Your Second Program - User Input Basic 'How Old Are You?'
30:49
Workspace / Source Code
32:21
New Workspace
33:29
Quick Note on Character Arrays
34:44
Example
35:34
Your Third Program - User Text Input 'What’s Your Name?'
37:13
Example
37:46
Workspace
39:50
Do Your Homework!
42:56
Data Storage

10m 8s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:12
Variables, Identifiers, Names
1:34
Identifiers Defined
1:51
Example of Valid Identifiers
2:16
Styles: Multi-Word Identifiers
3:59
Compiler Doesn't Care
4:51
Styles: Identify Identifiers
5:38
Simple Data Types
8:08
Variable Type Declaration
10:35
Commentary
11:42
More Than One Variable Declared
13:22
Compiler Allocates Storage
14:23
Example
15:30
Variable Initialization
16:47
C Style
17:39
Example
18:23
C++ 'Class' Style
18:35
Numeric Literals
19:41
'Long' Types
21:15
Beware: Do Not Use
23:40
Character Literals
24:27
Examples
24:49
Quoted Special Characters
27:43
String Literals
29:55
String Object
32:28
Homework
33:20
Operators & Expression

32m 24s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:11
Parameters for Operators
0:47
Left Side vs. Right Side
1:56
Example
3:12
Operators - Assignment
3:40
Assignment - Don't Confuse Readers
5:17
Operators - Arithmetic
7:53
Operators - Compound Assignment
9:38
Operators: Increment / Decrement
10:24
Examples
10:50
Pre- vs. Post-Operator
11:20
Operators - Comparators
12:19
Operators - Logical
13:38
Examples
14:35
Operators - Boolean Truth Tables
15:45
Examples
16:55
Operators - Input and Output
18:42
I/O Stream
18:56
Operators - Type Casting, Sizeof
20:42
'Sizeof'
21:46
Type-Casting Cautions
22:27
Classic Example
22:38
Type Promotion
25:46
Operator Precedence
26:58
Firth Things: Unary Operators
27:27
Expressions
28:32
Examples
28:58
Cautions
30:17
Classic Example
30:31
Hey! Wrong Kind of Operator!
32:13
Branching

26m 15s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:03
Code Blocks, Scope
1:32
'Scope' of the Block of Code
2:27
Scope Example
2:56
'If' Statement
5:20
'Else' Clause
6:43
Example
7:01
Nested 'If'
7:52
Example
8:08
More Nested 'If'
8:41
'If' Without Blocks
9:53
'Chained If'
10:35
Example
10:51
'If' Statement's Expression
11:36
'If' Statement Stylistic Notes
12:55
'Else' Clause Stylistic Notes
14:24
'Switch' Multiple Choice
15:15
'Switch' Like 'Chained-If'
16:35
'Switch Tricks'
17:56
Leave Break Out
18:10
'Conditional' Statement Cautions
19:54
'Conditional' Statement Example
21:56
Another Example
23:05
'Goto' and 'Label'
23:40
Do's and Don'ts
1:54
Looping

28m 19s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:08
Important Kind of Branch
1:17
Branch That Loops
1:43
In The Beginning
3:51
'While' Loop - Pre-Test
4:45
'Do-While' Loop - Post-Test
6:47
'Do-While' Run It Again
7:31
'For' Loop-Counting Loops
9:38
'For' Loop-Most Typical Use
11:46
Useful Feature
12:47
'For' Loop - Similar to 'While'
13:47
Example
13:57
Equivalent 'While' Loop
14:34
'Break' Out of Loop
15:50
'Break' Examples
17:07
'Continue' Back to Beginning
18:49
'For' Loop
19:04
'Continue' Caution
20:05
Infinite Loop
20:58
Loop Inside of Loops
21:44
Typical Bug
22:50
More Looped Loops
24:08
What a Loop!
27:46
Functions, Part 1

14m 44s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:09
Value of Functions
0:46
Example Without Function
2:04
Example With Function
3:30
Function Prototype
4:11
Return Type
4:33
Name
4:40
Parameters
4:52
Nomenclature
5:27
Prototype Example
5:45
Function Definition
6:28
Definition Example
8:11
Function Parameter Types
8:52
Definition
9:47
Using the Function
11:09
Functions Return Single Value
13:15
Break Problem into Pieces
14:12
Functions, Part 2

16m 56s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:09
Parameters by Value
0:47
Example
1:26
Parameters by Reference
2:55
Example
3:53
Parameters by Reference Example
4:20
Default Parameters
6:36
Acceptable Example
7:13
Unacceptable Example
7:27
Default Parameters Example
7:42
Return Value
8:41
Special Type: Void
10:31
Overloading
11:07
Name Accordingly & Carefully
11:17
Example
11:59
Overloading Example
12:31
Modularization
13:41
Smaller Modules
14:14
Isolated Modules
15:17
Cut Into More Pieces
16:31
Arrays & Pointers

40m 44s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:10
Use a 'Chunk' of Memory
3:22
Declaring an Array
6:27
Example
6:55
Select an Element From Array
8:44
Example
10:15
Multi-Dimensional Array
12:15
Examples
13:09
Compile-Time Initialization
14:18
Example
15:04
Multi-Initialization
16:27
Character String Initialization
18:27
Examples
18:43
Pointers
20:11
Example
21:02
Pointer Declaration
22:20
Reference Operator
22:52
Referencing and Dereferencing
24:30
Example
24:49
Pointer Arithmetic
27:10
Function Call-By Reference
31:06
Function Array/ Pointer Example
32:21
Null Terminated Character Arrays
34:22
Example
35:13
'New' and 'Delete'
36:31
Example
37:44
Array of Pointers
40:19
Structures

24m 37s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:10
Keep Data Organized
1:25
Multiple Arrays
2:01
Structure Declaration
3:19
Example
4:00
Structure Declaration
4:24
Example
4:53
Structure Usage
6:03
Example Structure
6:09
Accessing Members
8:27
Structure Member Structures
9:38
Example
9:50
Initializing Member Structures
11:35
Example
11:44
Access Data Within Data
12:46
Arrays of Structures
13:11
Multi-Dimensional? Of Course!
15:18
Pointers to Structures
17:55
Pointed-to Structure Members
21:22
Structure Pointer Operator
22:41
Example
22:53
Structure for Pointers
24:16
Input/ Output (IO)

43m 36s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:15
Character Input Streams
3:02
'Getline' Method
5:12
Input Stream Object Methods
7:47
Input Examples
11:56
Character Output Streams
15:19
'Cout' = Standard Output
15:34
'Cerr' = Error Output
16:32
Insertion Operator
17:45
Format
18:12
Output Stream Object Methods
18:23
Output Examples
21:23
Formatting: I/O Manipulators
23:38
Set the Width
24:04
More I/O Manipulators
28:20
Scientific
28:44
Set Precision
29:15
Examples
31:04
File Input/Output
32:13
Output Streams
33:52
Insertion Operator
35:15
Example
35:22
Input Streams
36:50
Example
37:35
Error Messages
38:18
'errno'
39:10
Example
39:49
File Example
41:06
Got Files?
42:58
Review Using Real Code

48m 26s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:19
Checkbook Program
1:15
Source Code
1:26
3 Structures
1:47
Checkbook Program
6:36
Create Functions
7:15
Source Code: Constant Set up / Version
7:45
Delimiter
9:25
Load Transactions
13:00
Dump Transactions
13:17
Utility Functions
14:56
Structures
16:14
Bank Structure
16:35
Transactions
16:44
Global Constants
17:00
Source Code: Global Variables
18:29
Function Prototypes
18:52
Source Code
19:36
Find the Bug in the Code
22:04
Function Prototypes
24:32
'Main', the Director
25:16
Source Code
25:44
Read Initial Data
26:13
Source Code
26:45
Function to Create 'Init' File
30:34
Transactions File Functions
35:12
User Action Functions
36:58
First User Action
37:10
Source Code
38:32
Utility Functions
44:34
'Stringstream'
45:23
Write Your Own Cheque
47:26
C++ Standard Library

27m 53s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:22
System Time
1:42
Example
2:48
Back to the Future!
3:31
Human-Readable Time
5:27
Example
5:47
Static Memory
6:36
Local and GMT Time
7:45
localtime
8:28
gmtime
8:42
Example
8:50
Time Structure
9:23
Formatting Time
10:16
Example
11:02
Math Library
11:58
Other Math Functions
13:11
Functions from cstdlib (Standard Library)
13:47
More from cstdlib
15:31
Functions from ctype
19:29
More From ctype
21:27
Example
21:55
Functions from cstrings
23:00
More from cstrings
25:16
Additional Length Limited Versions
25:46
See the Library!
27:30
Handling Strings

33m 1s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:09
Two Kinds of Strings
2:21
Object String from C++
2:25
Classic Strings from C
3:30
C++ String Object
4:24
Useful Member Functions
4:34
String Object Examples
7:35
Initialization
7:39
Operations
7:49
String Object Member Functions
10:27
Member Function
10:40
Example
11:02
More Member Functions
13:34
Arrays of String Objects
16:18
Examples
16:34
Classic C Character String Array
19:00
Defined As
19:24
Useful Functions for C-String Operations
20:20
Array of Classic C String
22:00
Examples
22:10
Some Reasons Against Classic
24:36
Examples
24:59
Need to Use String Functions
25:33
Cautions with Classic C Strings
26:11
Examples
26:23
Especially with Copying and Concatenation
27:16
But You Can't be Rid of It
29:35
Examples
30:00
Don't Tangle Your Strings!
32:30
Object Oriented Programming

22m 45s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:15
Concepts
1:53
Object Oriented Programming (OOP)
2:42
Some Terminology
3:34
Object Defined
3:39
Class Defined
4:07
Instance Defined
4:20
Example
4:35
Abstraction
5:21
Emphasis on Essential
5:36
Emphasis on Characteristics
6:17
Encapsulation
7:29
Private Data
8:16
Public Methods
8:40
Protected Data
9:14
Inheritance
10:08
Example
10:39
Polymorphism
11:39
Example: Operator Overloading
12:24
'Is-a' vs. 'Has-a'
14:00
Multiple Inheritance
15:07
Example
15:28
Diamond Problem
17:59
Constructors / Destructors
18:27
My Kind of Inheritance
22:25
Source Files & OO Samples

35m 58s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:19
Source File Separation
2:31
Compilation Units
4:24
Example
4:34
Header File (Interface)
7:23
Include Header File
9:25
Example
10:12
Protect from Multi-Include
11:42
Example
12:33
Source File (Implementation)
14:05
Algorithms
14:23
Commands
15:49
Class Syntax
17:25
Private Member
18:00
Protected Member
18:23
Public Member
18:52
Class Prototype for Header
21:13
Class Implementation
23:21
Controlled Access
24:49
Inheritance
25:44
Implementation
27:44
Virtual Method
29:04
Pointer
31:37
Virtual Example
32:02
Base Class
32:12
Derived Classes
32:25
Polymorphic Example
33:14
Finished
35:23
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Lecture Comments (13)

1 answer

Last reply by: Alvin Sylvain
Sun Oct 30, 2016 2:27 PM

Post by ALI SAAD on January 6, 2016

Is there any plan to do  Data structure lectures?

1 answer

Last reply by: Alvin Sylvain
Sun Sep 28, 2014 3:41 PM

Post by Ram Manohar Oruganti on September 23, 2014

What's the advantage of using new and delete over normal array allocation?

1 answer

Last reply by: Alvin Sylvain
Fri Feb 7, 2014 6:29 PM

Post by Ram Manohar Oruganti on February 7, 2014

char name[10] = {'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','\0'};
cout<<name<<endl; //prints abcdefghi
char name[10] = {'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j'};
cout<<name<<endl; //prints abcdefghij and some garbage values
So is the null terminator an indicator to the arry to stop raing from the next memory location? Would it continue reading until it encounters a null terminator? Thanks in advance.

3 answers

Last reply by: Alvin Sylvain
Sun Jun 30, 2013 10:27 AM

Post by Brandon Oakley on June 27, 2013

Hey Allan, I was doing pretty good in this course with the homeworks up until this problem set (arrays and pointers).. I hit a road block as I can't even program the first one for some reason.. I don't know if its because I am trying to initialize arrays wrong or.... Anywho, could you possibly offer a solution/ plan of attack template that will aid me in solving this homework? I am trying to move on with the course but I feel as though if I cannot get a grasp on this then whats the point of trying what is ahead

2 answers

Last reply by: Katenderi Mohamed
Wed Jul 18, 2012 4:41 AM

Post by Katenderi Mohamed on July 17, 2012

I have this game but I am not sure how to start writing its code, please can you help me out?

This function is required for the 'GAME' programming project in *

* This ffunction: *
1. Checks the board[][] array for a winner and returns
PLYR_TOKEN if player has won
COMP_TOKEN if computer has won
NONE if there is no winner yet
2. Analyses the current status of the game and determines priority values for each unoccupied place on the board and 'stores these in an array called place_val'.
3. Requires place_val to be passed to it.

Arrays & Pointers

  • Arrays are used for multiple pieces of data saved in a “chunk” of memory that the compiler will allocate
  • The size of the array is declared using square brackets
  • Square brackets are also used to specify which element of the array to work with in an expression
  • Arrays may be multi-dimensional
  • Arrays may be initialized at compile-time, which saves run-time and programmer effort for reference arrays
  • Character strings are a special case for initialing character arrays
  • Pointers are used to store the location, or the address, where data is stored, not the data itself
  • Use reference and dereference operators when working with pointers
  • Use pointer arithmetic when the pointer points into an array
  • Arrays passed as function parameters are “call by reference”, never “call by value”, since copying a large array can be impractical
  • Operators “new” and “delete” are used to allocate and de-allocate memory for arrays at run-time
  • Here are links to more information about C++ arrays and pointers: http://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/arrays/http://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/pointers/

Arrays & Pointers

Lecture Slides are screen-captured images of important points in the lecture. Students can download and print out these lecture slide images to do practice problems as well as take notes while watching the lecture.

  • Intro 0:00
  • Overview 0:10
  • Use a 'Chunk' of Memory 3:22
  • Declaring an Array 6:27
    • Example
  • Select an Element From Array 8:44
    • Example
  • Multi-Dimensional Array 12:15
    • Examples
  • Compile-Time Initialization 14:18
    • Example
  • Multi-Initialization 16:27
  • Character String Initialization 18:27
    • Examples
  • Pointers 20:11
    • Example
    • Pointer Declaration
    • Reference Operator
  • Referencing and Dereferencing 24:30
    • Example
  • Pointer Arithmetic 27:10
  • Function Call-By Reference 31:06
  • Function Array/ Pointer Example 32:21
  • Null Terminated Character Arrays 34:22
    • Example
  • 'New' and 'Delete' 36:31
    • Example
  • Array of Pointers 40:19

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