INSTRUCTORS Carleen Eaton Grant Fraser Eric Smith

Eric Smith

Eric Smith

Properties of Real Numbers

Slide Duration:

Table of Contents

Section 1: Properties of Real Numbers
Basic Types of Numbers

30m 41s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Basic Types of Numbers
0:36
Natural Numbers
1:02
Whole Numbers
1:29
Integers
2:04
Rational Numbers
2:38
Irrational Numbers
5:06
Imaginary Numbers
6:48
Basic Types of Numbers Cont.
8:09
The Big Picture
8:10
Real vs. Imaginary Numbers
8:30
Rational vs. Irrational Numbers
8:48
Basic Types of Numbers Cont.
10:55
Number Line
11:06
Absolute Value
11:44
Inequalities
12:39
Example 1
13:16
Example 2
17:30
Example 3
21:56
Example 4
24:27
Example 5
27:48
Operations on Numbers

19m 26s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Operations on Numbers
0:25
Addition
0:53
Subtraction
1:33
Multiplication & Division
2:19
Exponents
3:24
Bases
4:04
Square Roots
4:59
Principle Square Roots
5:09
Perfect Squares
6:32
Simplifying and Combining Roots
6:52
Example 1
8:16
Example 2
12:30
Example 3
14:02
Example 4
16:27
Order of Operations

12m 6s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
The Order of Operations
0:25
Work Inside Parentheses
0:42
Simplify Exponents
0:52
Multiplication & Division from Left to Right
0:57
Addition & Subtraction from Left to Right
1:11
Remember PEMDAS
1:21
The Order of Operations Cont.
2:27
Example
2:43
Example 1
3:55
Example 2
5:36
Example 3
7:35
Example 4
8:56
Properties of Real Numbers

18m 52s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
The Properties of Real Numbers
0:23
Commutative Property of Addition and Multiplication
0:44
Associative Property of Addition and Multiplication
1:50
Distributive Property of Multiplication Over Addition
3:20
Division Property of Zero
4:46
Division Property of One
5:23
Multiplication Property of Zero
5:56
Multiplication Property of One
6:17
Addition Property of Zero
6:29
Why Are These Properties Important?
6:53
Example 1
9:16
Example 2
13:04
Example 3
14:30
Example 4
16:57
Section 2: Linear Equations
The Vocabulary of Linear Equations

12m 22s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:09
The Vocabulary of Linear Equations
0:44
Variables
0:52
Terms
1:09
Coefficients
1:40
Like Terms
2:18
Examples of Like Terms
2:37
Expressions
4:01
Equations
4:26
Linear Equations
5:04
Solutions
5:55
Example 1
6:16
Example 2
7:16
Example 3
8:45
Example 4
10:20
Solving Linear Equations in One Variable

28m 52s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:08
Solving Linear Equations in One Variable
0:34
Conditional Cases
0:51
Identity Cases
1:09
Contradiction Cases
1:30
Solving Linear Equations in One Variable Cont.
2:00
Addition Property of Equality
2:10
Multiplication Property of Equality
2:43
Steps to Solve Linear Equations
3:14
Example 1
4:22
Example 2
8:21
Example 3
12:32
Example 4
14:19
Example 5
17:25
Example 6
22:17
Solving Formulas

12m 2s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Solving Formulas
0:18
Formulas
0:26
Use the Same Properties as Solving Linear Equations
1:36
Addition Property of Equality
1:55
Multiplication Property of Equality
1:58
Steps to Solve Formulas
2:43
Example 1
3:56
Example 2
6:09
Example 3
8:39
Applications of Linear Equations

28m 41s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:10
Applications of Linear Equations
0:43
The Six-Step Method to Solving Word Problems
0:55
Common Terms
3:12
Example 1
5:03
Example 2
9:40
Example 3
13:48
Example 4
17:58
Example 5
23:28
Applications of Linear Equations, Motion & Mixtures

24m 26s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:21
Motion and Mixtures
0:46
Motion Problems: Distance, Rate, and Time
1:06
Mixture Problems: Amount, Percent, and Total
1:27
The Table Method
1:58
The Beaker Method
3:38
Example 1
5:05
Example 2
9:44
Example 3
14:20
Example 4
19:13
Section 3: Graphing
Rectangular Coordinate System

22m 55s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:11
The Rectangular Coordinate System
0:39
The Cartesian Coordinate System
0:40
X-Axis
0:54
Y-Axis
1:04
Origin
1:11
Quadrants
1:26
Ordered Pairs
2:10
Example 1
2:55
The Rectangular Coordinate System Cont.
6:09
X-Intercept
6:45
Y-Intercept
6:55
Relation of X-Values and Y-Values
7:30
Example 2
11:03
Example 3
12:13
Example 4
14:10
Example 5
18:38
Slope & Graphing

27m 58s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:11
Slope and Graphing
0:48
Standard Form
1:14
Example 1
2:24
Slope and Graphing Cont.
4:58
Slope, m
5:07
Slope is Rise over Run
6:11
Don't Mix Up the Coordinates
8:20
Example 2
9:39
Slope and Graphing Cont.
14:26
Slope-Intercept Form
14:34
Example 3
16:55
Example 4
18:00
Slope and Graphing Cont.
19:00
Rewriting an Equation in Slope-Intercept Form
19:39
Rewriting an Equation in Standard Form
20:09
Slopes of Vertical & Horizontal Lines
20:56
Example 5
22:49
Example 6
24:09
Example 7
25:59
Example 8
26:57
Linear Equations in Two Variables

20m 36s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:13
Linear Equations in Two Variables
0:36
Point-Slope Form
1:07
Substitute in the Point and the Slope
2:21
Parallel Lines: Two Lines with the Same Slope
4:05
Perpendicular Lines: Slopes are Negative Reciprocals of Each Other
4:39
Perpendicular Lines: Product of Slopes is -1
5:24
Example 1
6:02
Example 2
7:50
Example 3
10:49
Example 4
13:26
Example 5
15:30
Example 6
17:43
Section 4: Functions
Introduction to Functions

21m 24s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Introduction to Functions
0:58
Relations
1:03
Functions
1:37
Independent Variables
2:00
Dependent Variables
2:11
Function Notation
2:21
Function
3:43
Input and Output
3:53
Introduction to Functions Cont.
4:45
Domain
4:46
Range
4:55
Functions Represented by a Diagram
6:41
Natural Domain
9:11
Evaluating Functions
12:02
Example 1
13:13
Example 2
15:03
Example 3
16:18
Example 4
19:54
Graphing Functions

16m 12s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:09
Graphing Functions
0:54
Using Slope-Intercept Form
1:56
Vertical Line Test
2:58
Determining the Domain
4:20
Determining the Range
5:43
Example 1
6:06
Example 2
7:18
Example 3
8:31
Example 4
11:04
Section 5: Systems of Linear Equations
Systems of Linear Equations

25m 54s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:13
Systems of Linear Equations
0:46
System of Equations
0:51
System of Linear Equations
1:15
Solutions
1:35
Points as Solutions
1:53
Finding Solutions Graphically
5:13
Example 1
6:37
Example 2
12:07
Systems of Linear Equations Cont.
17:01
One Solution, No Solution, or Infinite Solutions
17:10
Example 3
18:31
Example 4
22:37
Solving a System Using Substitution

20m 1s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:09
Solving a System Using Substitution
0:32
Substitution Method
1:24
Substitution Example
2:35
One Solution, No Solution, or Infinite Solutions
7:50
Example 1
9:45
Example 2
12:48
Example 3
15:01
Example 4
17:30
Solving a System Using Elimination

19m 40s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:09
Solving a System Using Elimination
0:27
Elimination Method
0:42
Elimination Example
2:01
One Solution, No Solution, or Infinite Solutions
7:05
Example 1
8:53
Example 2
11:46
Example 3
15:37
Example 4
17:45
Applications of Systems of Equations

24m 34s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:12
Applications of Systems of Equations
0:30
Word Problems
1:31
Example 1
2:17
Example 2
7:55
Example 3
13:07
Example 4
17:15
Section 6: Inequalities
Solving Linear Inequalities in One Variable

17m 13s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:08
Solving Linear Inequalities in One Variable
0:37
Inequality Expressions
0:46
Linear Inequality Solution Notations
3:40
Inequalities
3:51
Interval Notation
4:04
Number Lines
4:43
Set Builder Notation
5:24
Use Same Techniques as Solving Equations
6:59
'Flip' the Sign when Multiplying or Dividing by a Negative Number
7:12
'Flip' Example
7:50
Example 1
8:54
Example 2
11:40
Example 3
14:01
Compound Inequalities

16m 13s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Compound Inequalities
0:37
'And' vs. 'Or'
0:44
'And'
3:24
'Or'
3:35
'And' Symbol, or Intersection
3:51
'Or' Symbol, or Union
4:13
Inequalities
4:41
Example 1
6:22
Example 2
9:30
Example 3
11:27
Example 4
13:49
Solving Equations with Absolute Values

14m 12s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:08
Solve Equations with Absolute Values
0:18
Solve Equations with Absolute Values Cont.
1:11
Steps to Solving Equations with Absolute Values
2:21
Example 1
3:23
Example 2
6:34
Example 3
10:12
Inequalities with Absolute Values

17m 7s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Inequalities with Absolute Values
0:23
Recall…
2:08
Example 1
3:39
Example 2
6:06
Example 3
8:14
Example 4
10:29
Example 5
13:29
Graphing Inequalities in Two Variables

15m 33s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Graphing Inequalities in Two Variables
0:32
Split Graph into Two Regions
1:53
Graphing Inequalities
5:44
Test Points
6:20
Example 1
7:11
Example 2
10:17
Example 3
13:06
Systems of Inequalities

21m 13s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:08
Systems of Inequalities
0:24
Test Points
1:10
Steps to Solve Systems of Inequalities
1:25
Example 1
2:23
Example 2
7:28
Example 3
12:51
Section 7: Polynomials
Integer Exponents

44m 51s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:09
Integer Exponents
0:42
Exponents 'Package' Multiplication
1:25
Example 1
2:00
Example 2
3:13
Integer Exponents Cont.
4:50
Product Rule for Exponents
4:51
Example 3
7:16
Example 4
10:15
Integer Exponents Cont.
13:13
Power Rule for Exponents
13:14
Power Rule with Multiplication and Division
15:33
Example 5
16:18
Integer Exponents Cont.
20:04
Example 6
20:41
Integer Exponents Cont.
25:52
Zero Exponent Rule
25:53
Quotient Rule
28:24
Negative Exponents
30:14
Negative Exponent Rule
32:27
Example 7
34:05
Example 8
36:15
Example 9
39:33
Example 10
43:16
Adding & Subtracting Polynomials

18m 33s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
0:25
Terms
0:33
Coefficients
0:51
Leading Coefficients
1:13
Like Terms
1:29
Polynomials
2:21
Monomials, Binomials, Trinomials, and Polynomials
5:41
Degrees
7:00
Evaluating Polynomials
8:12
Adding and Subtracting Polynomials Cont.
9:25
Example 1
11:48
Example 2
13:00
Example 3
14:41
Example 4
16:15
Multiplying Polynomials

25m 7s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Multiplying Polynomials
0:41
Distributive Property
1:00
Example 1
2:49
Multiplying Polynomials Cont.
8:22
Organize Terms with a Table
8:23
Example 2
13:40
Multiplying Polynomials Cont.
16:33
Multiplying Binomials with FOIL
16:48
Example 3
18:49
Example 4
20:04
Example 5
21:42
Dividing Polynomials

44m 56s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Dividing Polynomials
0:29
Dividing Polynomials by Monomials
2:10
Dividing Polynomials by Polynomials
2:59
Dividing Numbers
4:09
Dividing Polynomials Example
8:39
Example 1
12:35
Example 2
14:40
Example 3
16:45
Example 4
21:13
Example 5
24:33
Example 6
29:02
Dividing Polynomials with Synthetic Division Method
33:36
Example 7
38:43
Example 8
42:24
Section 8: Factoring Polynomials
Greatest Common Factor & Factor by Grouping

28m 27s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:09
Greatest Common Factor
0:31
Factoring
0:40
Greatest Common Factor (GCF)
1:48
GCF for Polynomials
3:28
Factoring Polynomials
6:45
Prime
8:21
Example 1
9:14
Factor by Grouping
14:30
Steps to Factor by Grouping
17:03
Example 2
17:43
Example 3
19:20
Example 4
20:41
Example 5
22:29
Example 6
26:11
Factoring Trinomials

21m 44s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Factoring Trinomials
0:25
Recall FOIL
0:26
Factor a Trinomial by Reversing FOIL
1:52
Tips when Using Reverse FOIL
5:31
Example 1
7:04
Example 2
9:09
Example 3
11:15
Example 4
13:41
Factoring Trinomials Cont.
15:50
Example 5
18:42
Factoring Trinomials Using the AC Method

30m 9s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:08
Factoring Trinomials Using the AC Method
0:27
Factoring when Leading Term has Coefficient Other Than 1
1:07
Reversing FOIL
1:18
Example 1
1:46
Example 2
4:28
Factoring Trinomials Using the AC Method Cont.
7:45
The AC Method
8:03
Steps to Using the AC Method
8:19
Tips on Using the AC Method
9:29
Example 3
10:45
Example 4
16:50
Example 5
21:08
Example 6
24:58
Special Factoring Techniques

30m 14s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Special Factoring Techniques
0:26
Difference of Squares
1:46
Perfect Square Trinomials
2:38
No Sum of Squares
3:32
Special Factoring Techniques Cont.
4:03
Difference of Squares Example
4:04
Perfect Square Trinomials Example
5:29
Example 1
7:31
Example 2
9:59
Example 3
11:47
Example 4
15:09
Special Factoring Techniques Cont.
19:07
Sum of Cubes and Difference of Cubes
19:08
Example 5
23:13
Example 6
26:12
Section 9: Quadratic Equations
Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

23m 38s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:08
Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring
0:19
Quadratic Equations
0:20
Zero Factor Property
1:39
Zero Factor Property Example
2:34
Example 1
4:00
Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring Cont.
5:54
Example 2
7:28
Example 3
11:09
Example 4
14:22
Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring Cont.
18:17
Higher Degree Polynomial Equations
18:18
Example 5
20:22
Solving Quadratic Equations

29m 27s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:12
Solving Quadratic Equations
0:29
Linear Factors
0:38
Not All Quadratics Factor Easily
1:22
Principle of Square Roots
3:36
Completing the Square
4:50
Steps for Using Completing the Square
5:15
Completing the Square Works on All Quadratic Equations
6:41
The Quadratic Formula
7:28
Discriminants
8:25
Solving Quadratic Equations - Summary
10:11
Example 1
11:54
Example 2
13:03
Example 3
16:30
Example 4
21:29
Example 5
25:07
Equations in Quadratic Form

16m 47s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:08
Equations in Quadratic Form
0:24
Using a Substitution
0:53
U-Substitution
1:26
Example 1
2:07
Example 2
5:36
Example 3
8:31
Example 4
11:14
Quadratic Formulas & Applications

29m 4s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:09
Quadratic Formulas and Applications
0:35
Squared Variable
0:40
Principle of Square Roots
0:51
Example 1
1:09
Example 2
2:04
Quadratic Formulas and Applications Cont.
3:34
Example 3
4:42
Example 4
13:33
Example 5
20:50
Graphs of Quadratics

26m 53s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Graphs of Quadratics
0:39
Axis of Symmetry
1:46
Vertex
2:12
Transformations
2:57
Graphing in Quadratic Standard Form
3:23
Example 1
5:06
Example 2
6:02
Example 3
9:07
Graphs of Quadratics Cont.
11:26
Completing the Square
12:02
Vertex Shortcut
12:16
Example 4
13:49
Example 5
17:25
Example 6
20:07
Example 7
23:43
Polynomial Inequalities

21m 42s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Polynomial Inequalities
0:30
Solving Polynomial Inequalities
1:20
Example 1
2:45
Polynomial Inequalities Cont.
5:12
Larger Polynomials
5:13
Positive or Negative Intervals
7:16
Example 2
9:01
Example 3
13:53
Section 10: Rational Equations
Multiply & Divide Rational Expressions

26m 41s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:09
Multiply and Divide Rational Expressions
0:44
Rational Numbers
0:55
Dividing by Zero
1:45
Canceling Extra Factors
2:43
Negative Signs in Fractions
4:52
Multiplying Fractions
6:26
Dividing Fractions
7:17
Example 1
8:04
Example 2
14:01
Example 3
16:23
Example 4
18:56
Example 5
22:43
Adding & Subtracting Rational Expressions

20m 24s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions
0:41
Common Denominators
0:52
Common Denominator Examples
1:14
Steps to Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions
2:39
Example 1
3:34
Example 2
5:27
Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions Cont.
6:57
Least Common Denominators
6:58
Transitioning from Fractions to Rational Expressions
9:08
Identifying Least Common Denominators for Rational Expressions
9:56
Subtracting vs. Adding
10:41
Example 3
11:19
Example 4
12:36
Example 5
15:08
Example 6
16:46
Complex Fractions

18m 23s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:09
Complex Fractions
0:37
Dividing to Simplify Complex Fractions
1:10
Example 1
2:03
Example 2
3:58
Complex Fractions Cont.
9:15
Using the Least Common Denominator to Simplify Complex Fractions
9:16
Both Methods Lead to the Same Answer
10:07
Example 3
10:42
Example 4
14:28
Solving Rational Equations

16m 24s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Solving Rational Equations
0:23
Isolate the Specified Variable
1:23
Example 1
1:58
Example 2
5:00
Example 3
8:23
Example 4
13:25
Rational Inequalities

18m 54s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Rational Inequalities
0:18
Testing Intervals for Rational Inequalities
0:38
Steps to Solving Rational Inequalities
1:05
Tips to Solving Rational Inequalities
2:27
Example 1
3:33
Example 2
12:21
Applications of Rational Expressions

20m 20s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Applications of Rational Expressions
0:27
Work Problems
1:05
Example 1
2:58
Example 2
6:45
Example 3
13:17
Example 4
16:37
Variation & Proportion

27m 4s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:10
Variation and Proportion
0:34
Variation
0:35
Inverse Variation
1:01
Direct Variation
1:10
Setting Up Proportions
1:31
Example 1
2:27
Example 2
5:36
Variation and Proportion Cont.
8:29
Inverse Variation
8:30
Example 3
9:20
Variation and Proportion Cont.
12:41
Constant of Proportionality
12:42
Example 4
13:59
Variation and Proportion Cont.
16:17
Varies Directly as the nth Power
16:30
Varies Inversely as the nth Power
16:53
Varies Jointly
17:09
Combining Variation Models
17:36
Example 5
19:09
Example 6
22:10
Section 11: Radical Equations
Rational Exponents

14m 32s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Rational Exponents
0:32
Power on Top, Root on Bottom
1:05
Example 1
1:37
Rational Exponents Cont.
4:04
Using Rules from Exponents for Radicals as Exponents
4:05
Combining Terms Under a Single Root
4:50
Example 2
5:21
Example 3
7:39
Example 4
11:23
Example 5
13:14
Simplify Rational Exponents

15m 12s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Simplify Rational Exponents
0:25
Product Rule for Radicals
0:26
Product Rule to Simplify Square Roots
1:11
Quotient Rule for Radicals
1:42
Applications of Product and Quotient Rules
2:17
Higher Roots
2:48
Example 1
3:39
Example 2
6:35
Example 3
8:41
Example 4
11:09
Adding & Subtracting Radicals

17m 22s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Adding and Subtracting Radicals
0:33
Like Terms
1:29
Bases and Exponents May be Different
2:02
Bases and Powers Must be Same when Adding and Subtracting
2:42
Add Radicals' Coefficients
3:55
Example 1
4:47
Example 2
6:00
Adding and Subtracting Radicals Cont.
7:10
Simplify the Bases to Look the Same
7:25
Example 3
8:23
Example 4
11:45
Example 5
15:10
Multiply & Divide Radicals

19m 24s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:08
Multiply and Divide Radicals
0:25
Rules for Working With Radicals
0:26
Using FOIL for Radicals
1:11
Don’t Distribute Powers
2:54
Dividing Radical Expressions
4:25
Rationalizing Denominators
6:40
Example 1
7:22
Example 2
8:32
Multiply and Divide Radicals Cont.
9:23
Rationalizing Denominators with Higher Roots
9:25
Example 3
10:51
Example 4
11:53
Multiply and Divide Radicals Cont.
13:13
Rationalizing Denominators with Conjugates
13:14
Example 5
15:52
Example 6
17:25
Solving Radical Equations

15m 5s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:07
Solving Radical Equations
0:17
Radical Equations
0:18
Isolate the Roots and Raise to Power
0:34
Example 1
1:13
Example 2
3:09
Solving Radical Equations Cont.
7:04
Solving Radical Equations with More than One Radical
7:05
Example 3
7:54
Example 4
13:07
Complex Numbers

29m 16s

Intro
0:00
Objectives
0:06
Complex Numbers
1:05
Imaginary Numbers
1:08
Complex Numbers
2:27
Real Parts
2:48
Imaginary Parts
2:51
Commutative, Associative, and Distributive Properties
3:35
Adding and Subtracting Complex Numbers
4:04
Multiplying Complex Numbers
6:16
Dividing Complex Numbers
8:59
Complex Conjugate
9:07
Simplifying Powers of i
14:34
Shortcut for Simplifying Powers of i
18:33
Example 1
21:14
Example 2
22:15
Example 3
23:38
Example 4
26:33
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Lecture Comments (18)

2 answers

Last reply by: A J
Mon Dec 30, 2019 5:06 PM

Post by A J on December 28, 2019

Hello professor, this is not pertaining to this section, but do you have a lesson on distance formula? Thank you!

3 answers

Last reply by: DetectivePikachu_ yeet
Fri Nov 20, 2020 8:53 PM

Post by Albert Luh on December 1, 2019

Professor, when you answer, why do you always put a :^D at the end?

3 answers

Last reply by: Albert Luh
Sun Dec 1, 2019 4:18 PM

Post by Annika Lee on July 2, 2019

why is 0 divided by 0 undefined?

2 answers

Last reply by: Hong Yang
Fri Jun 5, 2020 8:56 AM

Post by levon guyumjan on November 11, 2014

I truly enjoy your explanations, you do have the ability to be a teacher thank you for your hard work.

1 answer

Last reply by: Professor Eric Smith
Wed Jul 30, 2014 2:41 PM

Post by Kitt Parker on July 18, 2014

[28/9] , π, √{10} , 3.5

I was about to ask how do we know the size of N, but I believe its Pi.  On the practice question it looks like an N.

1 answer

Last reply by: Albert Luh
Tue Oct 22, 2019 7:50 PM

Post by Kitt Parker on July 18, 2014

I might have missed it, but I believe this learning experience could be improved with printable work sheets of questions and also questions that refer back a number of sections.  Id like to print out a sheet of questions, work them and then refer back to sections as necessary.  Just an idea.

Properties of Real Numbers

  • The commutative property of addition and multiplication says that the order of addition or multiplication does not matter.
  • The associate property of addition and multiplication says that the grouping of addition or multiplication does not matter.
  • The distributive property says that we can distribute multiplication over addition.
  • When 0 is divided by a number the result is zero, however we may not divide by zero, it remains undefined.
  • When you divide a number by 1 you get the same number back. A number divided by itself is one.
  • When multiplying by zero, the result is zero. Multiplying by 1, the number remains unchanged.
  • When adding zero to a number, the number remains unchanged.

Properties of Real Numbers

To what sets of numbers does the following number belong?
- 8
Real, Integer, Rational
To what sets of numbers does the following number belong?
− [22/60]
Real, Rational
To what sets of numbers does the following number belong?
√5
Real, Irrational
Order the numbers from largest to smallest value:
π, [28/9] , 3.5 , √{10}
[28/9] , π, √{10} , 3.5
To what sets of numbers does the following number belong?
- 2
real, integer, rational
To what sets of numbers does the following number belong?
[5/15]
real, rational
To what sets of numbers does the following number belong?
√{50}
real, irrational
To what sets of numbers does the following number belong?
- 67
real, rational, integer
To what sets of numbers does the following number belong?
− [1/8]
real, rational
To what sets of numbers does the following number belong?
√{100}
real, irrational

*These practice questions are only helpful when you work on them offline on a piece of paper and then use the solution steps function to check your answer.

Answer

Properties of Real Numbers

Lecture Slides are screen-captured images of important points in the lecture. Students can download and print out these lecture slide images to do practice problems as well as take notes while watching the lecture.

  • Intro 0:00
  • Objectives 0:07
  • The Properties of Real Numbers 0:23
    • Commutative Property of Addition and Multiplication
    • Associative Property of Addition and Multiplication
    • Distributive Property of Multiplication Over Addition
    • Division Property of Zero
    • Division Property of One
    • Multiplication Property of Zero
    • Multiplication Property of One
    • Addition Property of Zero
    • Why Are These Properties Important?
  • Example 1 9:16
  • Example 2 13:04
  • Example 3 14:30
  • Example 4 16:57

Transcription: Properties of Real Numbers

Welcome back to www.educator.com.0000

In this lesson we will take a look at the properties of real numbers.0002

Some of these properties involve the commutative, associative, distributive, identity, inverse and 0 properties.0008

It seems like that is quite a bit to keep track of but once we get into the nuts and bolts of it, you will see it is not so bad.0015

There are several properties that can help you put different numbers together.0028

Some of the very first properties are the commutative property and the associative property.0034

We will first deal with that commutative property first.0041

What the commutative property says is that the order of addition simply does not matter.0044

It also says that the order of multiplication does not matter.0050

It seems like you should, but a quick example shows that actually it does not make much of a difference.0054

For example, if I have 2 × 3 × 4, I'm just multiplying all those numbers together.0060

I actually do this from left to right, this would be 6 × 4, I will get 24.0070

Since the order does not matter, I can feel free to scramble up that order a little bit just like that.0079

3 × 4 × 2 and again do these from left to right, 3 × 4=12 × 2.0087

12 × 2 you will see that the answer is still the same.0095

When you have addition or multiplication, the order you have a little bit of freedom with, you can scramble them up just a little bit.0102

With the associative property, we are also changing something and we are saying that the grouping does not matter.0110

If you are dealing with the associative property of addition then changing the grouping of addition does not matter.0117

The associative property for multiplication then the grouping of multiplication does not matter.0124

Let me take a quick look at a nice quick example to see what I mean by the grouping.0129

Let us look at (2 + 3) + 4, here I'm adding a bunch of different numbers.0135

Up with parentheses to show that I'm grouping the first two together.0143

According to our order of operations, we would have 2 and 3 together first.0147

This would give us a result of 5 + 4, giving us a final result of 9.0153

If I take those same numbers and the same exact order and this time I decide to group together the 3 and the 4 together,0160

you will see that you will get exactly the same answer.0170

We will do what is inside parentheses first, 3 + 4 is 7 and then we will go ahead and we will put that 2 with the 7.0173

I'm sure enough you will notice that our answers are exactly the same.0184

The associative property says that the grouping for addition and multiplication does not matter.0188

The distributive property is a neat one, it deals with multiplication and addition.0203

It says that we can distribute our multiplication over addition.0207

We looked at several different examples of this but one of the classic things is something like this.0212

I have 2 × (3 + 4), according to the distributive property I will take this multiplication with the 2 and distribute it over addition.0221

I actually multiplied it by the 3 and then multiply it by 4.0233

This will be 2 × 3, this will be 2 × 4 and I can take care of each of those individually.0239

Get a 6 + 8, combine those together and get a 14.0248

Just to highlight that this property is valid, I will also do the same problem using my order of operations to take care of the part inside parentheses first.0256

3 + 4 is 7 and 2 × 7 is 14, I'm sure enough just like we should we get the same answer.0268

This is a unique one involves multiplication and addition.0281

Some other properties that you want to keep in mind have to deal with 0 and 1.0288

With the division of property of 0, we say that 0 divided by any number we get the results is 0.0295

If we are trying to divide by 0, that is something that we can not do.0305

For that one we say that it is undefined.0311

Be very careful for this one, many people will try and divide by 0 later on, simply can not do it.0315

When it comes to 1, 1 is a little bit easier to deal with.0323

When you divide a number by 1, the number remains unchanged, nothing happens.0326

Think of 5 ÷ 1, you will still get 5, or 7 ÷ 1 =7.0332

A number divided by itself is 1, that will be like 5 ÷ 5, number divided by itself results to 1.0338

All of these properties seem like they might be arbitrary, but all of them play a very important role.0348

On to the multiplication property of 0 and let us see what we can do with that.0360

With the multiplication property of 0, when you multiply it by 0 the result is simply 0.0366

Think of stuff like 3 × 0 result 0.0372

Multiplication property of 1 says that when you multiply a number by 1, the number remains unchanged.0377

3 × 1 now 3 stays exactly the same, it is still 3.0383

With the addition property of 0, when you add 0 to a number, the number remains unchanged, 3 + 0 is still 3.0389

These last few properties that deal with 0 and 1, they can be a little confusing to keep straight.0400

But again the most important is you can not divide it by 0, watch out for that one.0407

You may be thinking that all of these properties and say okay what is the big deal?0416

Why do I necessarily need to know these?0419

Will they become extremely important when you are manipulating large expressions, especially when you get into a lot of the solving stuff later on.0421

What they do is they allow us to take an expression change in many different ways without changing what it is.0429

For example, if I want to look at an example of the students work,0436

what allows them to do many of these steps is some of those of properties that we covered earlier.0441

In fact, let us take a close look at this and see what properties we will use.0446

In the very first part of this I see (7 + 2) × (x + 9) and in the next part I know that the 2 is moved inside parentheses and now I have 18.0451

What happened there is they took the 2 and they distributed it over the x and the 9.0462

What allows a person to do that part of this work is our distributive property.0469

In the next little bit of work, I see that they have actually switch the order of the 2x and the 18.0478

They have moved around where things are.0483

Are they allowed to do this? The answer is yes.0487

We are only dealing with addition right there so they can change the order just fine.0489

This is our commutative property, let us see what is going on in the next step.0496

In the next step, everything is in the same exact order but now the parentheses have moved into a different spot.0504

Now they are actually around the 7 and 8.0510

Since only addition is being shown here, then I know that this is a valid step, this is our associative property.0514

It looks like they did some simplifying to combine the 7 and 18 together and they switched the location of the 25 and 2x.0527

It looks like in that one they have used the commutative property again.0536

The big thing to take away from this is that we will be manipulating expressions quite a bit.0541

These properties that work in the background that allows to do many of these manipulations.0546

Switching the order of things or switching our grouping as we go along.0551

It is time to get into some examples and see what we can do about identifying many of these great properties.0557

Here I have lots of different examples and we just simply want to identify the property that is being used.0564

The first one I have 6 + - 4 = -4 + 6, carefully look at that and see what is changed.0570

One thing that picked up in my mind is I'm looking at the order of things and the order has been switched.0579

I will call this my commutative property.0586

Since this is dealing with addition, I could take this a little bit further and say this is the commutative property of addition.0598

The next one let us see what we got, 7 × 11 × 18 = (11 × 8) × 7, it is tricky here.0617

Let us see what is changed, the grouping is actually exactly the same.0626

The 11 and 8 are being grouped together and over here the 11 and the 8 are still being grouped together.0632

It has nothing to do with grouping.0637

This is another one where the order has changed.0639

Since the order has changed, it is still our commutative property.0642

This one has nothing to do with addition.0651

It is actually multiplication so I will say commutative property of multiplication.0652

Nice, I like it, next problem (11 × 7) + 4 = (11 × 7) + (11 × 4) more interesting.0663

This one has multiplication and addition, in fact it looks like they took the 11 and multiplied it by the 7 and by the 4.0672

We can recognize that as our distributive property.0681

That is the unique one, it has both multiplication and addition.0694

Continuing on, pi × √2 =√2 × pi, someone has been messing around with the order of things, another one of my commutative properties.0699

Since I have multiplication here, commutative property of multiplication.0720

One more for this example 6 + 2 + 7 = 6 + 2 + 7.0728

We noticed with that one all the numbers are in exactly the same order.0736

The order is untouched but what is different here is that the parentheses are showing up in an entirely different spot.0741

They are changing the grouping, this is our associative property.0749

I have addition, associative property of addition, not bad.0765

If you change the order of the numbers present, then you are dealing with your commutative property.0773

If you change the grouping, you have your associative property.0780

With these ones we have some sort of property present and we want to fill in the blank so that the property ring is true.0786

The first one it looks like they are trying to display the commutative property.0796

I have 3 + 4 + 5= 3 + 5+ _, the commutative property changes the order of things.0799

It looks like we are changing the order of the 4 and the 5 here.0808

I see I got the 5, we will put the 4 in there and that would be a good example of the commutative property.0812

I technically, the commutative property of addition.0818

The next one is the associative property that one changes grouping so the order should stay exactly the same.0821

Let us write the same exact numbers in the same exact order,4, 5, and 3, it looks good.0829

Now I can see that since the parentheses are in a different spot, the grouping has changed.0837

Alright distributive property, that one involves multiplication over division.0844

I mean multiplication over addition.0850

I can see that the two has been taken to the 7 and the 3, I'm just missing the 7.0856

We have a good example of all 3 properties.0866

Example 3 deals with our division by 0, remember that we can not divide 0.0873

It is important to recognize what numbers can we sometimes not use, those are known as restricted values.0878

With these ones we are going to try and come up with a number that our letter x in this first one can not be.0886

Let us say we do not want the bottom to be 0, if x was 4 then what we will have on the bottom is 4 - 4.0896

That would definitely give us a 0.0911

In terms of our restricted value, we would say that x can not equal 4, since 4 is restricted.0915

It can not be 4 when we get that 0, let us try the next one.0926

Looking at the bottom of that fraction, I have 5 + a, what would (a) have to be to give me a 0 on the bottom?0931

I'm adding to 5 and thinking about 0 but it is possible if we start thinking negative numbers.0942

In fact what happens if a =-5, based on what you have seen there on the bottom would be 5 - 5 and that would give you 0.0948

My restricted value, we would say that (a) can not be -5, I want that 0 on the bottom.0959

Let us try this one, it looks a little bit more difficult.0968

What can (y) not being what is restricted?0973

I will be subtracting 1 from it but I'm also multiplying by 4.0980

The one thing that is going to do it, I have to borrow my fractions but 1/4 is actually my restricted value.0988

To see this, I'm thinking of taking 1/4 and multiply it by 4, that gives you 1.0995

When we subtract 1 you get 0, you know that (y) can not equal a 1/4.0999

Keep in mind that you can not divide by 0 and sometimes there are simply values that are restricted, you can not use them.1009

One last example here, we will look at the distributive property and how we can use it to simplify some expressions.1020

You may have see me use these lines on top of the number here, actually show the multiplication of what I need to do.1028

Definitely a good practice you should adopt.1035

In the first one, I looked at 2 being multiplied by (a) and 2 being multiplied by (k).1039

This will give me (2 × a) + (2 × k), I will leave that one as it is.1046

Moving on to the next one, here is -5 × (4 - 2x), this one used multiplied by both parts inside those parentheses.1056

-5 × 4 =-20, we will do that first, -5 × -2x.1069

Negative x negative is a positive, we will say10x.1077

One more, you may be looking at that one the same way then why are we not using the distributive property.1085

All I see is a negative sign but imagine that as -1 and you will see that the distributive property will come in handy just fine.1090

We will take -1 and distribute it among both parts on the insides of those parentheses.1098

-1 × -2 = 2 and -1 × 10q= -10q.1104

In all of these examples, we want to take the multiplication and distribute it out over addition.1117

It even works for some of these subtraction problems here because subtraction is just like adding a negative number.1122

Thanks for watching www.educator.com.1130

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