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Professor Switkes

Professor Switkes

Related Rates

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Table of Contents

Section 1: Overview of Functions
Review of Functions

26m 29s

Intro
0:00
What is a Function
0:10
Domain and Range
0:21
Vertical Line Test
0:31
Example: Vertical Line Test
0:47
Function Examples
1:57
Example: Squared
2:10
Example: Natural Log
2:41
Example: Exponential
3:21
Example: Not Function
3:54
Odd and Even Functions
4:39
Example: Even Function
5:10
Example: Odd Function
5:53
Odd and Even Examples
6:48
Odd Function
6:55
Even Function
8:43
Increasing and Decreasing Functions
10:15
Example: Increasing
10:42
Example: Decreasing
10:55
Increasing and Decreasing Examples
11:41
Example: Increasing
11:48
Example: Decreasing
12:33
Types of Functions
13:32
Polynomials
13:45
Powers
14:06
Trigonometric
14:34
Rational
14:50
Exponential
15:13
Logarithmic
15:29
Lecture Example 1
15:55
Lecture Example 2
17:51
Additional Example 3
-1
Additional Example 4
-2
Compositions of Functions

12m 29s

Intro
0:00
Compositions
0:09
Alternative Notation
0:32
Three Functions
0:47
Lecture Example 1
1:19
Lecture Example 2
3:25
Lecture Example 3
6:45
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Section 2: Limits
Average and Instantaneous Rates of Change

20m 59s

Intro
0:00
Rates of Change
0:11
Average Rate of Change
0:21
Instantaneous Rate of Change
0:33
Slope of the Secant Line
0:46
Slope of the Tangent Line
1:00
Lecture Example 1
1:14
Lecture Example 2
6:36
Lecture Example 3
11:30
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Limit Investigations

22m 37s

Intro
0:00
What is a Limit?
0:10
Lecture Example 1
0:56
Lecture Example 2
5:28
Lecture Example 3
9:27
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Algebraic Evaluation of Limits

28m 19s

Intro
0:00
Evaluating Limits
0:09
Lecture Example 1
1:06
Lecture Example 2
5:16
Lecture Example 3
8:15
Lecture Example 4
12:58
Additional Example 5
-1
Additional Example 6
-2
Formal Definition of a Limit

23m 39s

Intro
0:00
Formal Definition
0:13
Template
0:55
Epsilon and Delta
1:24
Lecture Example 1
1:40
Lecture Example 2
9:20
Additional Example 3
-1
Additional Example 4
-2
Continuity and the Intermediate Value Theorem

19m 9s

Intro
0:00
Continuity
0:13
Continuous
0:16
Discontinuous
0:37
Intermediate Value Theorem
0:52
Example
1:22
Lecture Example 1
2:58
Lecture Example 2
9:02
Additional Example 3
-1
Additional Example 4
-2
Section 3: Derivatives, part 1
Limit Definition of the Derivative

22m 52s

Intro
0:00
Limit Definition of the Derivative
0:11
Three Versions
0:13
Lecture Example 1
1:02
Lecture Example 2
4:33
Lecture Example 3
6:49
Lecture Example 4
10:11
Additional Example 5
-1
Additional Example 6
-2
The Power Rule

26m 1s

Intro
0:00
Power Rule of Differentiation
0:14
Power Rule with Constant
0:41
Sum/Difference
1:15
Lecture Example 1
1:59
Lecture Example 2
6:48
Lecture Example 3
11:22
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
The Product Rule

14m 54s

Statement of the Product Rule
0:08
Lecture Example 1
0:41
Lecture Example 2
2:27
Lecture Example 3
5:03
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
The Quotient Rule

19m 17s

Intro
0:00
Statement of the Quotient Rule
0:07
Carrying out the Differentiation
0:23
Quotient Rule in Words
1:00
Lecture Example 1
1:19
Lecture Example 2
4:23
Lecture Example 3
8:00
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Applications of Rates of Change

17m 43s

Intro
0:00
Rates of Change
0:11
Lecture Example 1
0:44
Lecture Example 2
5:16
Lecture Example 3
7:38
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Trigonometric Derivatives

26m 58s

Intro
0:00
Six Basic Trigonometric Functions
0:11
Patterns
0:47
Lecture Example 1
1:18
Lecture Example 2
7:38
Lecture Example 3
12:15
Lecture Example 4
14:25
Additional Example 5
-1
Additional Example 6
-2
The Chain Rule

23m 47s

Intro
0:00
Statement of the Chain Rule
0:09
Chain Rule for Three Functions
0:27
Lecture Example 1
1:00
Lecture Example 2
4:34
Lecture Example 3
7:23
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

27m 5s

Intro
0:00
Six Basic Inverse Trigonometric Functions
0:10
Lecture Example 1
1:11
Lecture Example 2
8:53
Lecture Example 3
12:37
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Equation of a Tangent Line

15m 52s

Intro
0:00
Point Slope Form
0:10
Lecture Example 1
0:47
Lecture Example 2
3:15
Lecture Example 3
6:10
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Section 4: Derivatives, part 2
Implicit Differentiation

30m 5s

Intro
0:00
Purpose
0:09
Implicit Function
0:20
Lecture Example 1
0:32
Lecture Example 2
7:14
Lecture Example 3
11:22
Lecture Example 4
16:43
Additional Example 5
-1
Additional Example 6
-2
Higher Derivatives

13m 16s

Intro
0:00
Notation
0:08
First Type
0:19
Second Type
0:54
Lecture Example 1
1:41
Lecture Example 2
3:15
Lecture Example 3
4:57
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Logarithmic and Exponential Function Derivatives

17m 42s

Intro
0:00
Essential Equations
0:12
Lecture Example 1
1:34
Lecture Example 2
2:48
Lecture Example 3
5:54
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Hyperbolic Trigonometric Function Derivatives

14m 30s

Intro
0:00
Essential Equations
0:15
Six Basic Hyperbolic Trigc Functions
0:32
Six Basic Inverse Hyperbolic Trig Functions
1:21
Lecture Example 1
1:48
Lecture Example 2
3:45
Lecture Example 3
7:09
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Related Rates

29m 5s

Intro
0:00
What Are Related Rates?
0:08
Lecture Example 1
0:35
Lecture Example 2
5:25
Lecture Example 3
11:54
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Linear Approximation

23m 52s

Intro
0:00
Essential Equations
0:09
Linear Approximation (Tangent Line)
0:18
Example: Graph
1:18
Differential (df)
2:06
Delta F
5:10
Lecture Example 1
6:38
Lecture Example 2
11:53
Lecture Example 3
15:54
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Section 5: Application of Derivatives
Absolute Minima and Maxima

18m 57s

Intro
0:00
Minimums and Maximums
0:09
Absolute Minima and Maxima (Extrema)
0:53
Critical Points
1:25
Lecture Example 1
2:58
Lecture Example 2
6:57
Lecture Example 3
10:02
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Mean Value Theorem and Rolle's Theorem

20m

Intro
0:00
Theorems
0:09
Mean Value Theorem
0:13
Graphical Explanation
0:36
Rolle's Theorem
2:06
Graphical Explanation
2:28
Lecture Example 1
3:36
Lecture Example 2
6:33
Lecture Example 3
9:32
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
First Derivative Test, Second Derivative Test

27m 11s

Intro
0:00
Local Minimum and Local Maximum
0:14
Example
1:01
First and Second Derivative Test
1:26
First Derivative Test
1:36
Example
2:00
Second Derivative Test (Concavity)
2:58
Example: Concave Down
3:15
Example: Concave Up
3:54
Inconclusive
4:19
Lecture Example 1
5:23
Lecture Example 2
12:03
Lecture Example 3
15:54
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
L'Hopital's Rule

23m 9s

Intro
0:00
Using L'Hopital's Rule
0:09
Informal Definition
0:34
Lecture Example 1
1:27
Lecture Example 2
4:00
Lecture Example 3
5:40
Lecture Example 4
9:38
Additional Example 5
-1
Additional Example 6
-2
Curve Sketching

40m 16s

Intro
0:00
Collecting Information
0:15
Domain and Range
0:17
Intercepts
0:21
Symmetry Properties (Even/Odd/Periodic)
0:33
Asymptotes (Vertical/Horizontal/Slant)
0:45
Critical Points
1:15
Increasing/Decreasing Intervals
1:24
Inflection Points
1:38
Concave Up/Down
1:52
Maxima/Minima
2:03
Lecture Example 1
2:58
Lecture Example 2
10:52
Lecture Example 3
17:55
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Applied Optimization

25m 37s

Intro
0:00
Real World Problems
0:08
Sketch
0:11
Interval
0:20
Rewrite in One Variable
0:26
Maximum or Minimum
0:34
Critical Points
0:42
Optimal Result
0:52
Lecture Example 1
1:05
Lecture Example 2
6:12
Lecture Example 3
13:31
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Newton's Method

25m 13s

Intro
0:00
Approximating Using Newton's Method
0:10
Good Guesses for Convergence
0:32
Lecture Example 1
0:49
Lecture Example 2
4:21
Lecture Example 3
7:59
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Section 6: Integrals
Approximating Areas and Distances

36m 50s

Intro
0:00
Three Approximations
0:12
Right Endpoint, Left Endpoint, Midpoint
0:22
Formulas
1:05
Velocity and Distance
1:35
Lecture Example 1
2:28
Lecture Example 2
12:10
Lecture Example 3
19:43
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Riemann Sums, Definite Integrals, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

22m 2s

Intro
0:00
Important Equations
0:22
Riemann Sum
0:28
Integral
1:58
Integrand
2:35
Limits of Integration (Upper Limit, Lower Limit)
2:43
Other Equations
3:05
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
4:00
Lecture Example 1
5:04
Lecture Example 2
10:43
Lecture Example 3
13:52
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Substitution Method for Integration

23m 19s

Intro
0:00
U-Substitution
0:13
Important Equations
0:30
Purpose
0:36
Lecture Example 1
1:30
Lecture Example 2
6:17
Lecture Example 3
9:00
Lecture Example 4
11:24
Additional Example 5
-1
Additional Example 6
-2
Section 7: Application of Integrals, part 1
Area Between Curves

19m 59s

Intro
0:00
Area Between Two Curves
0:12
Graphic Description
0:34
Lecture Example 1
1:44
Lecture Example 2
5:39
Lecture Example 3
8:45
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Volume by Method of Disks and Washers

24m 22s

Intro
0:00
Important Equations
0:16
Equation 1: Rotation about x-axis (disks)
0:27
Equation 2: Two curves about x-axis (washers)
3:38
Equation 3: Rotation about y-axis
5:31
Lecture Example 1
6:05
Lecture Example 2
8:28
Lecture Example 3
11:55
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Volume by Method of Cylindrical Shells

30m 29s

Intro
0:00
Important Equations
0:50
Equation 1: Rotation about y-axis
1:04
Equation 2: Rotation about y-axis (2 curves)
7:34
Equation 3: Rotation about x-axis
8:15
Lecture Example 1
8:57
Lecture Example 2
14:26
Lecture Example 3
18:15
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Average Value of a Function

16m 31s

Intro
0:00
Important Equations
0:11
Origin of Formula
0:34
Lecture Example 1
2:51
Lecture Example 2
5:30
Lecture Example 3
8:13
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Section 8: Extra
Graphs of f, f', f''

23m 58s

Intro
0:00
Slope Function of f(x)
0:41
Slope is Zero
0:53
Slope is Positive
1:03
Slope is Negative
1:13
Slope Function of f'(x)
1:31
Slope is Zero
1:42
Slope is Positive
1:48
Slope is Negative
1:54
Lecture Example 1
2:23
Lecture Example 2
8:06
Lecture Example 3
12:36
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Slope Fields for Differential Equations

18m 32s

Intro
0:00
Things to Remember
0:13
Graphic Description
0:42
Lecture Example 1
1:44
Lecture Example 2
6:59
Lecture Example 3
9:46
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
Separable Differential Equations

17m 4s

Intro
0:00
Differential Equations
0:10
Focus on Exponential Growth/Decay
0:27
Separating Variables
0:47
Lecture Example 1
1:35
Lecture Example 2
6:41
Lecture Example 3
9:36
Additional Example 4
-1
Additional Example 5
-2
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Lecture Comments (2)

0 answers

Post by Alan Delez on October 4, 2012

A bug is moving along the right side of the parabola y=x^2 at a rate such that its distance from the origin is increasing at 1cm/min. At what rates are the x- and y-coordinates of the bug increasing when the bug is at the point (2,4)?

0 answers

Post by Rebecca Kerns on May 5, 2010

example 4 does not finish, it just starts over when the instructor get to the rate of water.

Related Rates

  • You will be differentiating both sides of an equation with respect to .
  • Many problems here are geometrical – I strongly advise drawing a sketch!
  • Use variables for those quantities that vary with other quantities in the problem.
  • Wait to substitute in specific variable values until after you have differentiated!

Related Rates

The radius of a sphere is growing at a rate of 1 [m/s]. Find the rate at which the area is changing.
  • A = πr2
  • [d/dt]A = [d/dt]πr2
  • [dA/dt] = π(2r) [dr/dt]
[dA/dt] = 2 πr (1 [m/s])
The radius of a sphere is growing at a rate of 1 [m/s]. Find the rate at which the circumference is changing.
  • C = 2 πr
  • [d/dt]C = [d/dt]2 πr
  • [dC/dt] = 2 π[dr/dt]
  • [dC/dt] = 2 π[dr/dt] 1 [m/s]
[dC/dt] = 2 π[m/s]
A sphere's volume is decreasing at a rate of 10 [(m3)/s] from an initial volume V0 = 100 m3. How big is the diameter after 5 seconds of decreasing?
  • How does the volume relate to the diameter?
  • Volume of a sphere is [4/3] πr3
  • V = [4/3] π([d/2])3
  • Find the volume after 5 seconds. To find the current volume, we need to add the initial volume and the rate of change multiplied by time.
  • V = V0 + [dV/dt] t
  • V = 100 m3 − 10 [(m3)/s] 5 s = 50 m3
  • We subtracted above because the problem said the volume was decreasing. Now we plug in to the volume formula and solve for d.
  • 50 m3 = [4/3] π([d/2])3
  • [(150 m3)/(4 π)] = ([d/2])3
  • [d/2] = 3√{[(150 m3)/(4 π)]}
d = 2 3√{[150/(4 π)]} m
A hose is pouring water at a rate of 3 [(m3)/s] into a rigid cylindrical container. The container has a radius of 10  m. What is the rate at which the height of the water level rises? (Volume of a cylinder = πh r2)
  • We need a formula that relates the volume of a cylinder and its height.
  • V = πh r2
  • The problem says its a rigid container, so we can treat the radius as a constant. Otherwise, we would have to use the product rule when taking the derivative.
  • [d/dt]V = [d/dt]πh r2
  • [dV/dt] = πr2 [dh/dt]
  • [dh/dt] = [dV/dt] [1/(πr2)]
  • [dh/dt] = 3 [(m3)/s] [1/(π(10 m)2)]
[dh/dt] = [3/(100π)] [m/s]
A locomotive's position is given by x(t) = 36 [m/s] t. A train car unhitches from the engine and begins to slow. Its position is given by x(t) = −20 [m/s] t. At what rate is the distance between the two trains growing?
  • In this case, the trains are traveling along the same axis, so all we have to do here is add the speeds.
  • v(t) = [d/dt]36 [m/s] t + [d/dt](−20 [m/s] t)
v(t) = 16 [m/s]
A person's Body Mass Index in imperial units is given by BMI = [(703  weight)/(height2)]. A 70 inch person is increasing their BMI by 1 [lb/(in2)] every year while maintaining a constant height. At what rate is their weight changing?
  • [d/dt]BMI = [d/dt][(703  weight)/(height2)]
  • [d/dt]BMI = [703/(height2)] [d/dt]weight
  • [d/dt]weight = [d/dt]BMI [(height2)/703]
  • [d/dt]weight = 1 [lb/(in2  year)] [((70 in)2)/703]
  • [d/dt]weight = [4900/703] [lb/year]
The person's weight is increasing at a rate of about 7  lbs  per  year
The pressure of a gas in a container is given by P = [nRT/V] where n is the number of molecules, R is a constant, T is the temperature, and V is the volume. Given that the volume is constant, solve for the rate of change of pressure.
  • [d/dt]P = [d/dt][nRT/V]
  • [dP/dt] = [R/V] [d/dt]nT
  • [dP/dt] = [R/V] (n [d/dt]T + T [d/dt]n)
  • [dP/dt] = [R/V] (n [dT/dt] + T [dn/dt])
[dP/dt] = [R/V] (n [dT/dt] + T [dn/dt])
Using the pressure formula of the previous problem, find the rate of change of P with respect to time given that n and T are constants.
  • [d/dt]P = [d/dt][nRT/V]
  • [dP/dt] = nRT [d/dt][1/V]
  • We can use the quotient rule, or treat it as a negative exponent.
  • [dP/dt] = nRT [d/dt]V−1
  • [dP/dt] = nRT (−V−2) [d/dt]V
[dP/dt] = −[nRT/(V2)] [dV/dt]
Water pressure at a depth is given by P = P0 + ρg h. At the surface of water, P0 = 105 [kg/(s2  m)], ρ = 1000 [kg/(m3)], g = 9.8 [m/(s2)], and h is the height or depth of the water. If pressure is increasing at a rate of 9800 [kg/(s3  m)], how fast are you descending?
  • [d/dt]P = [d/dt]P0 + [d/dt]ρg h
  • [dP/dt] = ρg [dh/dt]
  • [dh/dt] = [([dP/dt])/(ρg)]
  • [dh/dt] = [(9800 [kg/(s3  m)])/(1000 [kg/(m3)] 9.8 [m/(s2)])]
[dh/dt] = 1 [m/s]
A cube initially has sides 1  m in length. The length of the sides is increasing at 2 [m/s]. At what rate is the volume increasing when the length is 4  m?
  • V = l3
  • [d/dt]V = [d/dt]l3
  • [dV/dt] = 3  l2 [d/dt]l
  • [dV/dt] = 3 (4  m)2 2 [m/s]
[dV/dt] = 96 [(m3)/s]

*These practice questions are only helpful when you work on them offline on a piece of paper and then use the solution steps function to check your answer.

Answer

Related Rates

Lecture Slides are screen-captured images of important points in the lecture. Students can download and print out these lecture slide images to do practice problems as well as take notes while watching the lecture.

  • Intro 0:00
  • What Are Related Rates? 0:08
  • Lecture Example 1 0:35
  • Lecture Example 2 5:25
  • Lecture Example 3 11:54
  • Additional Example 4
  • Additional Example 5

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