Home » Mathematics » Geometry » Proving Segment Relationship

Mary Pyo

Mary Pyo

Proving Segment Relationship

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Table of Contents

Section 1: Tools of Geometry
Coordinate Plane

16m 41s

Intro
0:00
The Coordinate System
0:12
Coordinate Plane: X-axis and Y-axis
0:15
Quadrants
1:02
Origin
2:00
Ordered Pair
2:17
Coordinate Plane
2:59
Example: Writing Coordinates
3:01
Coordinate Plane, cont.
4:15
Example: Graphing & Coordinate Plane
4:17
Collinear
5:58
Extra Example 1: Writing Coordinates & Quadrants
7:34
Extra Example 2: Quadrants
8:52
Extra Example 3: Graphing & Coordinate Plane
10:58
Extra Example 4: Collinear
12:50
Points, Lines and Planes

17m 17s

Intro
0:00
Points
0:07
Definition and Example of Points
0:09
Lines
0:50
Definition and Example of Lines
0:51
Planes
2:59
Definition and Example of Planes
3:00
Drawing and Labeling
4:40
Example 1: Drawing and Labeling
4:41
Example 2: Drawing and Labeling
5:54
Example 3: Drawing and Labeling
6:41
Example 4: Drawing and Labeling
8:23
Extra Example 1: Points, Lines and Planes
10:19
Extra Example 2: Naming Figures
11:16
Extra Example 3: Points, Lines and Planes
12:35
Extra Example 4: Draw and Label
14:44
Measuring Segments

31m 31s

Intro
0:00
Segments
0:06
Examples of Segments
0:08
Ruler Postulate
1:30
Ruler Postulate
1:31
Segment Addition Postulate
5:02
Example and Definition of Segment Addition Postulate
5:03
Segment Addition Postulate
8:01
Example 1: Segment Addition Postulate
8:04
Example 2: Segment Addition Postulate
11:15
Pythagorean Theorem
12:36
Definition of Pythagorean Theorem
12:37
Pythagorean Theorem, cont.
15:49
Example: Pythagorean Theorem
15:50
Distance Formula
16:48
Example and Definition of Distance Formula
16:49
Extra Example 1: Find Each Measure
20:32
Extra Example 2: Find the Missing Measure
22:11
Extra Example 3: Find the Distance Between the Two Points
25:36
Extra Example 4: Pythagorean Theorem
29:33
Midpoints and Segment Congruence

42m 26s

Intro
0:00
Definition of Midpoint
0:07
Midpoint
0:10
Midpoint Formulas
1:30
Midpoint Formula: On a Number Line
1:45
Midpoint Formula: In a Coordinate Plane
2:50
Midpoint
4:40
Example: Midpoint on a Number Line
4:43
Midpoint
6:05
Example: Midpoint in a Coordinate Plane
6:06
Midpoint
8:28
Example 1
8:30
Example 2
13:01
Segment Bisector
15:14
Definition and Example of Segment Bisector
15:15
Proofs
17:27
Theorem
17:53
Proof
18:21
Midpoint Theorem
19:37
Example: Proof & Midpoint Theorem
19:38
Extra Example 1: Midpoint on a Number Line
23:44
Extra Example 2: Drawing Diagrams
26:25
Extra Example 3: Midpoint
29:14
Extra Example 4: Segment Bisector
33:21
Angles

42m 34s

Intro
0:00
Angles
0:05
Angle
0:07
Ray
0:23
Opposite Rays
2:09
Angles
3:22
Example: Naming Angle
3:23
Angles
6:39
Interior, Exterior, Angle
6:40
Measure and Degrees
7:38
Protractor Postulate
8:37
Example: Protractor Postulate
8:38
Angle Addition Postulate
11:41
Example: Angle addition Postulate
11:42
Classifying Angles
14:10
Acute Angle
14:16
Right Angles
14:30
Obtuse Angle
14:41
Angle Bisector
15:02
Example: Angle Bisector
15:04
Angle Relationships
16:43
Adjacent Angles
16:47
Vertical Angles
17:49
Linear Pair
19:40
Angle Relationships
20:31
Right Angles
20:32
Supplementary Angles
21:15
Complementary Angles
21:33
Extra Example 1: Angles
24:08
Extra Example 2: Angles
29:06
Extra Example 3: Angles
32:05
Extra Example 4 Angles
35:44
Section 2: Reasoning & Proof
Inductive Reasoning

19m

Intro
0:00
Inductive Reasoning
0:05
Conjecture
0:06
Inductive Reasoning
0:15
Examples
0:55
Example: Sequence
0:56
More Example: Sequence
2:00
Using Inductive Reasoning
2:50
Example: Conjecture
2:51
More Example: Conjecture
3:48
Counterexamples
4:56
Counterexample
4:58
Extra Example 1: Conjecture
6:59
Extra Example 2: Sequence and Pattern
10:20
Extra Example 3: Inductive Reasoning
12:46
Extra Example 4: Conjecture and Counterexample
15:17
Conditional Statements

42m 47s

Intro
0:00
If Then Statements
0:05
If Then Statements
0:06
Other Forms
2:29
Example: Without Then
2:40
Example: Using When
3:03
Example: Hypothesis
3:24
Identify the Hypothesis and Conclusion
3:52
Example 1: Hypothesis and Conclusion
3:58
Example 2: Hypothesis and Conclusion
4:31
Example 3: Hypothesis and Conclusion
5:38
Write in If Then Form
6:16
Example 1: Write in If Then Form
6:23
Example 2: Write in If Then Form
6:57
Example 3: Write in If Then Form
7:39
Other Statements
8:40
Other Statements
8:41
Converse Statements
9:18
Converse Statements
9:20
Converses and Counterexamples
11:04
Converses and Counterexamples
11:05
Example 1: Converses and Counterexamples
12:02
Example 2: Converses and Counterexamples
15:10
Example 3: Converses and Counterexamples
17:08
Inverse Statement
19:58
Definition and Example
19:59
Inverse Statement
21:46
Example 1: Inverse and Counterexample
21:47
Example 2: Inverse and Counterexample
23:34
Contrapositive Statement
25:20
Definition and Example
25:21
Contrapositive Statement
26:58
Example: Contrapositive Statement
27:00
Summary
29:03
Summary of Lesson
29:04
Extra Example 1: Hypothesis and Conclusion
32:20
Extra Example 2: If-Then Form
33:23
Extra Example 3: Converse, Inverse, and Contrapositive
34:54
Extra Example 4: Converse, Inverse, and Contrapositive
37:56
Point, Line, and Plane Postulates

17m 24s

Intro
0:00
What are Postulates?
0:09
Definition of Postulates
0:10
Postulates
1:22
Postulate 1: Two Points
1:23
Postulate 2: Three Points
2:02
Postulate 3: Line
2:45
Postulates, cont..
3:08
Postulate 4: Plane
3:09
Postulate 5: Two Points in a Plane
3:53
Postulates, cont..
4:46
Postulate 6: Two Lines Intersect
4:47
Postulate 7: Two Plane Intersect
5:28
Using the Postulates
6:34
Examples: True or False
6:35
Using the Postulates
10:18
Examples: True or False
10:19
Extra Example 1: Always, Sometimes, or Never
12:22
Extra Example 2: Always, Sometimes, or Never
13:15
Extra Example 3: Always, Sometimes, or Never
14:16
Extra Example 4: Always, Sometimes, or Never
15:03
Deductive Reasoning

36m 3s

Intro
0:00
Deductive Reasoning
0:06
Definition of Deductive Reasoning
0:07
Inductive vs. Deductive
2:51
Inductive Reasoning
2:52
Deductive reasoning
3:19
Law of Detachment
3:47
Law of Detachment
3:48
Examples of Law of Detachment
4:31
Law of Syllogism
7:32
Law of Syllogism
7:33
Example 1: Making a Conclusion
9:02
Example 2: Making a Conclusion
12:54
Using Laws of Logic
14:12
Example 1: Determine the Logic
14:42
Example 2: Determine the Logic
17:02
Using Laws of Logic, cont.
18:47
Example 3: Determine the Logic
19:03
Example 4: Determine the Logic
20:56
Extra Example 1: Determine the Conclusion and Law
22:12
Extra Example 2: Determine the Conclusion and Law
25:39
Extra Example 3: Determine the Logic and Law
29:50
Extra Example 4: Determine the Logic and Law
31:27
Proofs in Algebra: Properties of Equality

44m 31s

Intro
0:00
Properties of Equality
0:10
Addition Property of Equality
0:28
Subtraction Property of Equality
1:10
Multiplication Property of Equality
1:41
Division Property of Equality
1:55
Addition Property of Equality Using Angles
2:46
Properties of Equality, cont.
4:10
Reflexive Property of Equality
4:11
Symmetric Property of Equality
5:24
Transitive Property of Equality
6:10
Properties of Equality, cont.
7:04
Substitution Property of Equality
7:05
Distributive Property of Equality
8:34
Two Column Proof
9:40
Example: Two Column Proof
9:46
Proof Example 1
16:13
Proof Example 2
23:49
Proof Example 3
30:33
Extra Example 1: Name the Property of Equality
38:07
Extra Example 2: Name the Property of Equality
40:16
Extra Example 3: Name the Property of Equality
41:35
Extra Example 4: Name the Property of Equality
43:02
Proving Segment Relationship

41m 2s

Intro
0:00
Good Proofs
0:12
Five Essential Parts
0:13
Proof Reasons
1:38
Undefined
1:40
Definitions
2:06
Postulates
2:42
Previously Proven Theorems
3:24
Congruence of Segments
4:10
Theorem: Congruence of Segments
4:12
Proof Example
10:16
Proof: Congruence of Segments
10:17
Setting Up Proofs
19:13
Example: Two Segments with Equal Measures
19:15
Setting Up Proofs
21:48
Example: Vertical Angles are Congruent
21:50
Setting Up Proofs
23:59
Example: Segment of a Triangle
24:00
Extra Example 1: Congruence of Segments
27:03
Extra Example 2: Setting Up Proofs
28:50
Extra Example 3: Setting Up Proofs
30:55
Extra Example 4: Two-Column Proof
33:11
Proving Angle Relationships

33m 37s

Intro
0:00
Supplement Theorem
0:05
Supplementary Angles
0:06
Congruence of Angles
2:37
Proof: Congruence of Angles
2:38
Angle Theorems
6:54
Angle Theorem 1: Supplementary Angles
6:55
Angle Theorem 2: Complementary Angles
10:25
Angle Theorems
11:32
Angle Theorem 3: Right Angles
11:35
Angle Theorem 4: Vertical Angles
12:09
Angle Theorem 5: Perpendicular Lines
12:57
Using Angle Theorems
13:45
Example 1: Always, Sometimes, or Never
13:50
Example 2: Always, Sometimes, or Never
14:28
Example 3: Always, Sometimes, or Never
16:21
Extra Example 1: Always, Sometimes, or Never
16:53
Extra Example 2: Find the Measure of Each Angle
18:55
Extra Example 3: Find the Measure of Each Angle
25:03
Extra Example 4: Two-Column Proof
27:08
Section 3: Perpendicular & Parallel Lines
Parallel Lines and Transversals

37m 35s

Intro
0:00
Lines
0:06
Parallel Lines
0:09
Skew Lines
2:02
Transversal
3:42
Angles Formed by a Transversal
4:28
Interior Angles
5:53
Exterior Angles
6:09
Consecutive Interior Angles
7:04
Alternate Exterior Angles
9:47
Alternate Interior Angles
11:22
Corresponding Angles
12:27
Angles Formed by a Transversal
15:29
Relationship Between Angles
15:30
Extra Example 1: Intersecting, Parallel, or Skew
19:26
Extra Example 2: Draw a Diagram
21:37
Extra Example 3: Name the Figures
24:12
Extra Example 4: Angles Formed by a Transversal
28:38
Angles and Parallel Lines

41m 53s

Intro
0:00
Corresponding Angles Postulate
0:05
Corresponding Angles Postulate
0:06
Alternate Interior Angles Theorem
3:05
Alternate Interior Angles Theorem
3:07
Consecutive Interior Angles Theorem
5:16
Consecutive Interior Angles Theorem
5:17
Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem
6:42
Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem
6:43
Parallel Lines Cut by a Transversal
7:18
Example: Parallel Lines Cut by a Transversal
7:19
Perpendicular Transversal Theorem
14:54
Perpendicular Transversal Theorem
14:55
Extra Example 1: State the Postulate or Theorem
16:37
Extra Example 2: Find the Measure of the Numbered Angle
18:53
Extra Example 3: Find the Measure of Each Angle
25:13
Extra Example 4: Find the Values of x, y, and z
36:26
Slope of Lines

44m 6s

Intro
0:00
Definition of Slope
0:06
Slope Equation
0:13
Slope of a Line
3:45
Example: Find the Slope of a Line
3:47
Slope of a Line
8:38
More Example: Find the Slope of a Line
8:40
Slope Postulates
12:32
Proving Slope Postulates
12:33
Parallel or Perpendicular Lines
17:23
Example: Parallel or Perpendicular Lines
17:24
Using Slope Formula
20:02
Example: Using Slope Formula
20:03
Extra Example 1: Slope of a Line
25:10
Extra Example 2: Slope of a Line
26:31
Extra Example 3: Graph the Line
34:11
Extra Example 4: Using the Slope Formula
38:50
Proving Lines Parallel

25m 55s

Intro
0:00
Postulates
0:06
Postulate 1: Parallel Lines
0:21
Postulate 2: Parallel Lines
2:16
Parallel Postulate
3:28
Definition and Example of Parallel Postulate
3:29
Theorems
4:29
Theorem 1: Parallel Lines
4:40
Theorem 2: Parallel Lines
5:37
Theorems, cont.
6:10
Theorem 3: Parallel Lines
6:11
Extra Example 1: Determine Parallel Lines
6:56
Extra Example 2: Find the Value of x
11:42
Extra Example 3: Opposite Sides are Parallel
14:48
Extra Example 4: Proving Parallel Lines
20:42
Parallels and Distance

19m 48s

Intro
0:00
Distance Between a Points and Line
0:07
Definition and Example
0:08
Distance Between Parallel Lines
1:51
Definition and Example
1:52
Extra Example 1: Drawing a Segment to Represent Distance
3:02
Extra Example 2: Drawing a Segment to Represent Distance
4:27
Extra Example 3: Graph, Plot, and Construct a Perpendicular Segment
5:13
Extra Example 4: Distance Between Two Parallel Lines
15:37
Section 4: Congruent Triangles
Classifying Triangles

28m 43s

Intro
0:00
Triangles
0:09
Triangle: A Three-Sided Polygon
0:10
Sides
1:00
Vertices
1:22
Angles
1:56
Classifying Triangles by Angles
2:59
Acute Triangle
3:19
Obtuse Triangle
4:08
Right Triangle
4:44
Equiangular Triangle
5:38
Definition and Example of an Equiangular Triangle
5:39
Classifying Triangles by Sides
6:57
Scalene Triangle
7:17
Isosceles Triangle
7:57
Equilateral Triangle
8:12
Isosceles Triangle
8:58
Labeling Isosceles Triangle
9:00
Labeling Right Triangle
10:44
Isosceles Triangle
11:10
Example: Find x, AB, BC, and AC
11:11
Extra Example 1: Classify Each Triangle
13:45
Extra Example 2: Always, Sometimes, or Never
16:28
Extra Example 3: Find All the Sides of the Isosceles Triangle
20:29
Extra Example 4: Distance Formula and Triangle
22:29
Measuring Angles in Triangles

44m 43s

Intro
0:00
Angle Sum Theorem
0:09
Angle Sum Theorem for Triangle
0:11
Using Angle Sum Theorem
4:06
Find the Measure of the Missing Angle
4:07
Third Angle Theorem
4:58
Example: Third Angle Theorem
4:59
Exterior Angle Theorem
7:58
Example: Exterior Angle Theorem
8:00
Flow Proof of Exterior Angle Theorem
15:14
Flow Proof of Exterior Angle Theorem
15:17
Triangle Corollaries
27:21
Triangle Corollary 1
27:50
Triangle Corollary 2
30:42
Extra Example 1: Find the Value of x
32:55
Extra Example 2: Find the Value of x
34:20
Extra Example 3: Find the Measure of the Angle
35:38
Extra Example 4: Find the Measure of Each Numbered Angle
39:00
Exploring Congruent Triangles

26m 46s

Intro
0:00
Congruent Triangles
0:15
Example of Congruent Triangles
0:17
Corresponding Parts
3:39
Corresponding Angles and Sides of Triangles
3:40
Definition of Congruent Triangles
11:24
Definition of Congruent Triangles
11:25
Triangle Congruence
16:37
Congruence of Triangles
16:38
Extra Example 1: Congruence Statement
18:24
Extra Example 2: Congruence Statement
21:26
Extra Example 3: Draw and Label the Figure
23:09
Extra Example 4: Drawing Triangles
24:04
Proving Triangles Congruent

47m 51s

Intro
0:00
SSS Postulate
0:18
Side-Side-Side Postulate
0:27
SAS Postulate
2:26
Side-Angle-Side Postulate
2:29
SAS Postulate
3:57
Proof Example
3:58
ASA Postulate
11:47
Angle-Side-Angle Postulate
11:53
AAS Theorem
14:13
Angle-Angle-Side Theorem
14:14
Methods Overview
16:16
Methods Overview
16:17
SSS
16:33
SAS
17:06
ASA
17:50
AAS
18:17
CPCTC
19:14
Extra Example 1:Proving Triangles are Congruent
21:29
Extra Example 2: Proof
25:40
Extra Example 3: Proof
30:41
Extra Example 4: Proof
38:41
Isosceles and Equilateral Triangles

27m 53s

Intro
0:00
Isosceles Triangle Theorem
0:07
Isosceles Triangle Theorem
0:09
Isosceles Triangle Theorem
2:26
Example: Using the Isosceles Triangle Theorem
2:27
Isosceles Triangle Theorem Converse
3:29
Isosceles Triangle Theorem Converse
3:30
Equilateral Triangle Theorem Corollaries
4:30
Equilateral Triangle Theorem Corollary 1
4:59
Equilateral Triangle Theorem Corollary 2
5:55
Extra Example 1: Find the Value of x
7:08
Extra Example 2: Find the Value of x
10:04
Extra Example 3: Proof
14:04
Extra Example 4: Proof
22:41
Section 5: Triangle Inequalities
Special Segments in Triangles

43m 44s

Intro
0:00
Perpendicular Bisector
0:06
Perpendicular Bisector
0:07
Perpendicular Bisector
4:07
Perpendicular Bisector Theorems
4:08
Median
6:30
Definition of Median
6:31
Median
9:41
Example: Median
9:42
Altitude
12:22
Definition of Altitude
12:23
Angle Bisector
14:33
Definition of Angle Bisector
14:34
Angle Bisector
16:41
Angle Bisector Theorems
16:42
Special Segments Overview
18:57
Perpendicular Bisector
19:04
Median
19:32
Altitude
19:49
Angle Bisector
20:02
Examples: Special Segments
20:18
Extra Example 1: Draw and Label
22:36
Extra Example 2: Draw the Altitudes for Each Triangle
24:37
Extra Example 3: Perpendicular Bisector
27:57
Extra Example 4: Draw, Label, and Write Proof
34:33
Right Triangles

26m 34s

Intro
0:00
LL Theorem
0:21
Leg-Leg Theorem
0:25
HA Theorem
2:23
Hypotenuse-Angle Theorem
2:24
LA Theorem
4:49
Leg-Angle Theorem
4:50
LA Theorem
6:18
Example: Find x and y
6:19
HL Postulate
8:22
Hypotenuse-Leg Postulate
8:23
Extra Example 1: LA Theorem & HL Postulate
10:57
Extra Example 2: Find x So That Each Pair of Triangles is Congruent
14:15
Extra Example 3: Two-column Proof
17:02
Extra Example 4: Two-column Proof
21:01
Indirect Proofs and Inequalities

33m 30s

Intro
0:00
Writing an Indirect Proof
0:09
Step 1
0:49
Step 2
2:32
Step 3
3:00
Indirect Proof
4:30
Example: 2 + 6 = 8
5:00
Example: The Suspect is Guilty
5:40
Example: Measure of Angle A < Measure of Angle B
6:06
Definition of Inequality
7:47
Definition of Inequality & Example
7:48
Properties of Inequality
9:55
Comparison Property
9:58
Transitive Property
10:33
Addition and Subtraction Properties
12:01
Multiplication and Division Properties
13:07
Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
14:12
Example: Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
14:13
Extra Example 1: Draw a Diagram for the Statement
18:32
Extra Example 2: Name the Property for Each Statement
19:56
Extra Example 3: State the Assumption
21:22
Extra Example 4: Write an Indirect Proof
25:39
Inequalities for Sides and Angles of a Triangle

17m 26s

Intro
0:00
Side to Angles
0:10
If One Side of a Triangle is Longer Than Another Side
0:11
Converse: Angles to Sides
1:57
If One Angle of a Triangle Has a Greater Measure Than Another Angle
1:58
Extra Example 1: Name the Angles in the Triangle From Least to Greatest
2:38
Extra Example 2: Find the Longest and Shortest Segment in the Triangle
3:47
Extra Example 3: Angles and Sides of a Triangle
4:51
Extra Example 4: Two-column Proof
9:08
Triangle Inequality

28m 11s

Intro
0:00
Triangle Inequality Theorem
0:05
Triangle Inequality Theorem
0:06
Triangle Inequality Theorem
4:22
Example 1: Triangle Inequality Theorem
4:23
Example 2: Triangle Inequality Theorem
9:40
Extra Example 1: Determine if the Three Numbers can Represent the Sides of a Triangle
12:00
Extra Example 2: Finding the Third Side of a Triangle
13:34
Extra Example 3: Always True, Sometimes True, or Never True
18:18
Extra Example 4: Triangle and Vertices
22:36
Inequalities Involving Two Triangles

29m 36s

Intro
0:00
SAS Inequality Theorem
0:06
SAS Inequality Theorem & Example
0:25
SSS Inequality Theorem
4:33
SSS Inequality Theorem & Example
4:34
Extra Example 1: Write an Inequality Comparing the Segments
6:08
Extra Example 2: Determine if the Statement is True
9:52
Extra Example 3: Write an Inequality for x
14:20
Extra Example 4: Two-column Proof
17:44
Section 6: Quadrilaterals
Parallelograms

29m 11s

Intro
0:00
Quadrilaterals
0:06
Four-sided Polygons
0:08
Non Examples of Quadrilaterals
0:47
Parallelograms
1:35
Parallelograms
1:36
Properties of Parallelograms
4:28
Opposite Sides of a Parallelogram are Congruent
4:29
Opposite Angles of a Parallelogram are Congruent
5:49
Angles and Diagonals
6:24
Consecutive Angles in a Parallelogram are Supplementary
6:25
The Diagonals of a Parallelogram Bisect Each Other
8:42
Extra Example 1: Complete Each Statement About the Parallelogram
10:26
Extra Example 2: Find the Values of x, y, and z of the Parallelogram
13:21
Extra Example 3: Find the Distance of Each Side to Verify the Parallelogram
16:35
Extra Example 4: Slope of Parallelogram
23:15
Proving Parallelograms

42m 43s

Intro
0:00
Parallelogram Theorems
0:09
Theorem 1
0:20
Theorem 2
1:50
Parallelogram Theorems, Cont.
3:10
Theorem 3
3:11
Theorem 4
4:15
Proving Parallelogram
6:21
Example: Determine if Quadrilateral ABCD is a Parallelogram
6:22
Summary
14:01
Both Pairs of Opposite Sides are Parallel
14:14
Both Pairs of Opposite Sides are Congruent
15:09
Both Pairs of Opposite Angles are Congruent
15:24
Diagonals Bisect Each Other
15:44
A Pair of Opposite Sides is Both Parallel and Congruent
16:13
Extra Example 1: Determine if Each Quadrilateral is a Parallelogram
16:54
Extra Example 2: Find the Value of x and y
20:23
Extra Example 3: Determine if the Quadrilateral ABCD is a Parallelogram
24:05
Extra Example 4: Two-column Proof
30:28
Rectangles

29m 47s

Intro
0:00
Rectangles
0:03
Definition of Rectangles
0:04
Diagonals of Rectangles
2:52
Rectangles: Diagonals Property 1
2:53
Rectangles: Diagonals Property 2
3:30
Proving a Rectangle
4:40
Example: Determine Whether Parallelogram ABCD is a Rectangle
4:41
Rectangles Summary
9:22
Opposite Sides are Congruent and Parallel
9:40
Opposite Angles are Congruent
9:51
Consecutive Angles are Supplementary
9:58
Diagonals are Congruent and Bisect Each Other
10:05
All Four Angles are Right Angles
10:40
Extra Example 1: Find the Value of x
11:03
Extra Example 2: Name All Congruent Sides and Angles
13:52
Extra Example 3: Always, Sometimes, or Never True
19:39
Extra Example 4: Determine if ABCD is a Rectangle
26:45
Squares and Rhombi

39m 14s

Intro
0:00
Rhombus
0:09
Definition of a Rhombus
0:10
Diagonals of a Rhombus
2:03
Rhombus: Diagonals Property 1
2:21
Rhombus: Diagonals Property 2
3:49
Rhombus: Diagonals Property 3
4:36
Rhombus
6:17
Example: Use the Rhombus to Find the Missing Value
6:18
Square
8:17
Definition of a Square
8:20
Summary Chart
11:06
Parallelogram
11:07
Rectangle
12:56
Rhombus
13:54
Square
14:44
Extra Example 1: Diagonal Property
15:44
Extra Example 2: Use Rhombus ABCD to Find the Missing Value
19:39
Extra Example 3: Always, Sometimes, or Never True
23:06
Extra Example 4: Determine the Quadrilateral
28:02
Trapezoids and Kites

30m 48s

Intro
0:00
Trapezoid
0:10
Definition of Trapezoid
0:12
Isosceles Trapezoid
2:57
Base Angles of an Isosceles Trapezoid
2:58
Diagonals of an Isosceles Trapezoid
4:05
Median of a Trapezoid
4:26
Median of a Trapezoid
4:27
Median of a Trapezoid
6:41
Median Formula
7:00
Kite
8:28
Definition of a Kite
8:29
Quadrilaterals Summary
11:19
A Quadrilateral with Two Pairs of Adjacent Congruent Sides
11:20
Extra Example 1: Isosceles Trapezoid
14:50
Extra Example 2: Median of Trapezoid
18:28
Extra Example 3: Always, Sometimes, or Never
24:13
Extra Example 4: Determine if the Figure is a Trapezoid
26:49
Section 7: Proportions and Similarity
Using Proportions and Ratios

20m 10s

Intro
0:00
Ratio
0:05
Definition and Examples of Writing Ratio
0:06
Proportion
2:05
Definition of Proportion
2:06
Examples of Proportion
2:29
Using Ratio
5:53
Example: Ratio
5:54
Extra Example 1: Find Three Ratios Equivalent to 2/5
9:28
Extra Example 2: Proportion and Cross Products
10:32
Extra Example 3: Express Each Ratio as a Fraction
13:18
Extra Example 4: Fin the Measure of a 3:4:5 Triangle
17:26
Similar Polygons

27m 53s

Intro
0:00
Similar Polygons
0:05
Definition of Similar Polygons
0:06
Example of Similar Polygons
2:32
Scale Factor
4:26
Scale Factor: Definition and Example
4:27
Extra Example 1: Determine if Each Pair of Figures is Similar
7:03
Extra Example 2: Find the Values of x and y
11:33
Extra Example 3: Similar Triangles
19:57
Extra Example 4: Draw Two Similar Figures
23:36
Similar Triangles

34m 10s

Intro
0:00
AA Similarity
0:10
Definition of AA Similarity
0:20
Example of AA Similarity
2:32
SSS Similarity
4:46
Definition of SSS Similarity
4:47
Example of SSS Similarity
6:00
SAS Similarity
8:04
Definition of SAS Similarity
8:05
Example of SAS Similarity
9:12
Extra Example 1: Determine Whether Each Pair of Triangles is Similar
10:59
Extra Example 2: Determine Which Triangles are Similar
16:08
Extra Example 3: Determine if the Statement is True or False
23:11
Extra Example 4: Write Two-Column Proof
26:25
Parallel Lines and Proportional Parts

24m 7s

Intro
0:00
Triangle Proportionality
0:07
Definition of Triangle Proportionality
0:08
Example of Triangle Proportionality
0:51
Triangle Proportionality Converse
2:19
Triangle Proportionality Converse
2:20
Triangle Mid-segment
3:42
Triangle Mid-segment: Definition and Example
3:43
Parallel Lines and Transversal
6:51
Parallel Lines and Transversal
6:52
Extra Example 1: Complete Each Statement
8:59
Extra Example 2: Determine if the Statement is True or False
12:28
Extra Example 3: Find the Value of x and y
15:35
Extra Example 4: Find Midpoints of a Triangle
20:43
Parts of Similar Triangles

27m 6s

Intro
0:00
Proportional Perimeters
0:09
Proportional Perimeters: Definition and Example
0:10
Similar Altitudes
2:23
Similar Altitudes: Definition and Example
2:24
Similar Angle Bisectors
4:50
Similar Angle Bisectors: Definition and Example
4:51
Similar Medians
6:05
Similar Medians: Definition and Example
6:06
Angle Bisector Theorem
7:33
Angle Bisector Theorem
7:34
Extra Example 1: Parts of Similar Triangles
10:52
Extra Example 2: Parts of Similar Triangles
14:57
Extra Example 3: Parts of Similar Triangles
19:27
Extra Example 4: Find the Perimeter of Triangle ABC
23:14
Section 8: Applying Right Triangles & Trigonometry
Pythagorean Theorem

21m 14s

Intro
0:00
Pythagorean Theorem
0:05
Pythagorean Theorem & Example
0:06
Pythagorean Converse
1:20
Pythagorean Converse & Example
1:21
Pythagorean Triple
2:42
Pythagorean Triple
2:43
Extra Example 1: Find the Missing Side
4:59
Extra Example 2: Determine Right Triangle
7:40
Extra Example 3: Determine Pythagorean Triple
11:30
Extra Example 4: Vertices and Right Triangle
14:29
Geometric Mean

40m 59s

Intro
0:00
Geometric Mean
0:04
Geometric Mean & Example
0:05
Similar Triangles
4:32
Similar Triangles
4:33
Geometric Mean-Altitude
11:10
Geometric Mean-Altitude & Example
11:11
Geometric Mean-Leg
14:47
Geometric Mean-Leg & Example
14:18
Extra Example 1: Geometric Mean Between Each Pair of Numbers
20:10
Extra Example 2: Similar Triangles
23:46
Extra Example 3: Geometric Mean of Triangles
28:30
Extra Example 4: Geometric Mean of Triangles
36:58
Special Right Triangles

37m 57s

Intro
0:00
45-45-90 Triangles
0:06
Definition of 45-45-90 Triangles
0:25
45-45-90 Triangles
5:51
Example: Find n
5:52
30-60-90 Triangles
8:59
Definition of 30-60-90 Triangles
9:00
30-60-90 Triangles
12:25
Example: Find n
12:26
Extra Example 1: Special Right Triangles
15:08
Extra Example 2: Special Right Triangles
18:22
Extra Example 3: Word Problems & Special Triangles
27:40
Extra Example 4: Hexagon & Special Triangles
33:51
Ratios in Right Triangles

40m 37s

Intro
0:00
Trigonometric Ratios
0:08
Definition of Trigonometry
0:13
Sine (sin), Cosine (cos), & Tangent (tan)
0:50
Trigonometric Ratios
3:04
Trig Functions
3:05
Inverse Trig Functions
5:02
SOHCAHTOA
8:16
sin x
9:07
cos x
10:00
tan x
10:32
Example: SOHCAHTOA & Triangle
12:10
Extra Example 1: Find the Value of Each Ratio or Angle Measure
14:36
Extra Example 2: Find Sin, Cos, and Tan
18:51
Extra Example 3: Find the Value of x Using SOHCAHTOA
22:55
Extra Example 4: Trigonometric Ratios in Right Triangles
32:13
Angles of Elevation and Depression

21m 4s

Intro
0:00
Angle of Elevation
0:10
Definition of Angle of Elevation & Example
0:11
Angle of Depression
1:19
Definition of Angle of Depression & Example
1:20
Extra Example 1: Name the Angle of Elevation and Depression
2:22
Extra Example 2: Word Problem & Angle of Depression
4:41
Extra Example 3: Word Problem & Angle of Elevation
14:02
Extra Example 4: Find the Missing Measure
18:10
Law of Sines

35m 25s

Intro
0:00
Law of Sines
0:20
Law of Sines
0:21
Law of Sines
3:34
Example: Find b
3:35
Solving the Triangle
9:19
Example: Using the Law of Sines to Solve Triangle
9:20
Extra Example 1: Law of Sines and Triangle
17:43
Extra Example 2: Law of Sines and Triangle
20:06
Extra Example 3: Law of Sines and Triangle
23:54
Extra Example 4: Law of Sines and Triangle
28:59
Law of Cosines

52m 43s

Intro
0:00
Law of Cosines
0:35
Law of Cosines
0:36
Law of Cosines
6:22
Use the Law of Cosines When Both are True
6:23
Law of Cosines
8:35
Example: Law of Cosines
8:36
Extra Example 1: Law of Sines or Law of Cosines?
13:35
Extra Example 2: Use the Law of Cosines to Find the Missing Measure
17:02
Extra Example 3: Solve the Triangle
30:49
Extra Example 4: Find the Measure of Each Diagonal of the Parallelogram
41:39
Section 9: Circles
Segments in a Circle

22m 43s

Intro
0:00
Segments in a Circle
0:10
Circle
0:11
Chord
0:59
Diameter
1:32
Radius
2:07
Secant
2:17
Tangent
3:10
Circumference
3:56
Introduction to Circumference
3:57
Example: Find the Circumference of the Circle
5:09
Circumference
6:40
Example: Find the Circumference of the Circle
6:41
Extra Example 1: Use the Circle to Answer the Following
9:10
Extra Example 2: Find the Missing Measure
12:53
Extra Example 3: Given the Circumference, Find the Perimeter of the Triangle
15:51
Extra Example 4: Find the Circumference of Each Circle
19:24
Angles and Arc

35m 24s

Intro
0:00
Central Angle
0:06
Definition of Central Angle
0:07
Sum of Central Angles
1:17
Sum of Central Angles
1:18
Arcs
2:27
Minor Arc
2:30
Major Arc
3:47
Arc Measure
5:24
Measure of Minor Arc
5:24
Measure of Major Arc
6:53
Measure of a Semicircle
7:11
Arc Addition Postulate
8:25
Arc Addition Postulate
8:26
Arc Length
9:43
Arc Length and Example
9:44
Concentric Circles
16:05
Concentric Circles
16:06
Congruent Circles and Arcs
17:50
Congruent Circles
17:51
Congruent Arcs
18:47
Extra Example 1: Minor Arc, Major Arc, and Semicircle
20:14
Extra Example 2: Measure and Length of Arc
22:52
Extra Example 3: Congruent Arcs
25:48
Extra Example 4: Angles and Arcs
30:33
Arcs and Chords

21m 51s

Intro
0:00
Arcs and Chords
0:07
Arc of the Chord
0:08
Theorem 1: Congruent Minor Arcs
1:01
Inscribed Polygon
2:10
Inscribed Polygon
2:11
Arcs and Chords
3:18
Theorem 2: When a Diameter is Perpendicular to a Chord
3:19
Arcs and Chords
5:05
Theorem 3: Congruent Chords
5:06
Extra Example 1: Congruent Arcs
10:35
Extra Example 2: Length of Arc
13:50
Extra Example 3: Arcs and Chords
17:09
Extra Example 4: Arcs and Chords
19:45
Inscribed Angles

27m 53s

Intro
0:00
Inscribed Angles
0:07
Definition of Inscribed Angles
0:08
Inscribed Angles
0:58
Inscribed Angle Theorem 1
0:59
Inscribed Angles
3:29
Inscribed Angle Theorem 2
3:30
Inscribed Angles
4:38
Inscribed Angle Theorem 3
4:39
Inscribed Quadrilateral
5:50
Inscribed Quadrilateral
5:51
Extra Example 1: Central Angle, Inscribed Angle, and Intercepted Arc
7:02
Extra Example 2: Inscribed Angles
9:24
Extra Example 3: Inscribed Angles
14:00
Extra Example 4: Complete the Proof
17:58
Tangents

26m 16s

Intro
0:00
Tangent Theorems
0:04
Tangent Theorem 1
0:05
Tangent Theorem 1 Converse
0:55
Common Tangents
1:34
Common External Tangent
2:12
Common Internal Tangent
2:30
Tangent Segments
3:08
Tangent Segments
3:09
Circumscribed Polygons
4:11
Circumscribed Polygons
4:12
Extra Example 1: Tangents & Circumscribed Polygons
5:50
Extra Example 2: Tangents & Circumscribed Polygons
8:35
Extra Example 3: Tangents & Circumscribed Polygons
11:50
Extra Example 4: Tangents & Circumscribed Polygons
15:43
Secants, Tangents, & Angle Measures

27m 50s

Intro
0:00
Secant
0:08
Secant
0:09
Secant and Tangent
0:49
Secant and Tangent
0:50
Interior Angles
2:56
Secants & Interior Angles
2:57
Exterior Angles
7:21
Secants & Exterior Angles
7:22
Extra Example 1: Secants, Tangents, & Angle Measures
10:53
Extra Example 2: Secants, Tangents, & Angle Measures
13:31
Extra Example 3: Secants, Tangents, & Angle Measures
19:54
Extra Example 4: Secants, Tangents, & Angle Measures
22:29
Special Segments in a Circle

23m 8s

Intro
0:00
Chord Segments
0:05
Chord Segments
0:06
Secant Segments
1:36
Secant Segments
1:37
Tangent and Secant Segments
4:10
Tangent and Secant Segments
4:11
Extra Example 1: Special Segments in a Circle
5:53
Extra Example 2: Special Segments in a Circle
7:58
Extra Example 3: Special Segments in a Circle
11:24
Extra Example 4: Special Segments in a Circle
18:09
Equations of Circles

27m 1s

Intro
0:00
Equation of a Circle
0:06
Standard Equation of a Circle
0:07
Example 1: Equation of a Circle
0:57
Example 2: Equation of a Circle
1:36
Extra Example 1: Determine the Coordinates of the Center and the Radius
4:56
Extra Example 2: Write an Equation Based on the Given Information
7:53
Extra Example 3: Graph Each Circle
16:48
Extra Example 4: Write the Equation of Each Circle
19:17
Section 10: Polygons & Area
Polygons

27m 24s

Intro
0:00
Polygons
0:10
Polygon vs. Not Polygon
0:18
Convex and Concave
1:46
Convex vs. Concave Polygon
1:52
Regular Polygon
4:04
Regular Polygon
4:05
Interior Angle Sum Theorem
4:53
Triangle
5:03
Quadrilateral
6:05
Pentagon
6:38
Hexagon
7:59
20-Gon
9:36
Exterior Angle Sum Theorem
12:04
Exterior Angle Sum Theorem
12:05
Extra Example 1: Drawing Polygons
13:51
Extra Example 2: Convex Polygon
15:16
Extra Example 3: Exterior Angle Sum Theorem
18:21
Extra Example 4: Interior Angle Sum Theorem
22:20
Area of Parallelograms

17m 46s

Intro
0:00
Parallelograms
0:06
Definition and Area Formula
0:07
Area of Figure
2:00
Area of Figure
2:01
Extra Example 1:Find the Area of the Shaded Area
3:14
Extra Example 2: Find the Height and Area of the Parallelogram
6:00
Extra Example 3: Find the Area of the Parallelogram Given Coordinates and Vertices
10:11
Extra Example 4: Find the Area of the Figure
14:31
Area of Triangles Rhombi, & Trapezoids

20m 31s

Intro
0:00
Area of a Triangle
0:06
Area of a Triangle: Formula and Example
0:07
Area of a Trapezoid
2:31
Area of a Trapezoid: Formula
2:32
Area of a Trapezoid: Example
6:55
Area of a Rhombus
8:05
Area of a Rhombus: Formula and Example
8:06
Extra Example 1: Find the Area of the Polygon
9:51
Extra Example 2: Find the Area of the Figure
11:19
Extra Example 3: Find the Area of the Figure
14:16
Extra Example 4: Find the Height of the Trapezoid
18:10
Area of Regular Polygons & Circles

36m 43s

Intro
0:00
Regular Polygon
0:08
SOHCAHTOA
0:54
30-60-90 Triangle
1:52
45-45-90 Triangle
2:40
Area of a Regular Polygon
3:39
Area of a Regular Polygon
3:40
Are of a Circle
7:55
Are of a Circle
7:56
Extra Example 1: Find the Area of the Regular Polygon
8:22
Extra Example 2: Find the Area of the Regular Polygon
16:48
Extra Example 3: Find the Area of the Shaded Region
24:11
Extra Example 4: Find the Area of the Shaded Region
32:24
Perimeter & Area of Similar Figures

18m 17s

Intro
0:00
Perimeter of Similar Figures
0:08
Example: Scale Factor & Perimeter of Similar Figures
0:09
Area of Similar Figures
2:44
Example:Scale Factor & Area of Similar Figures
2:55
Extra Example 1: Complete the Table
6:09
Extra Example 2: Find the Ratios of the Perimeter and Area of the Similar Figures
8:56
Extra Example 3: Find the Unknown Area
12:04
Extra Example 4: Use the Given Area to Find AB
14:26
Geometric Probability

38m 40s

Intro
0:00
Length Probability Postulate
0:05
Length Probability Postulate
0:06
Are Probability Postulate
2:34
Are Probability Postulate
2:35
Are of a Sector of a Circle
4:11
Are of a Sector of a Circle Formula
4:12
Are of a Sector of a Circle Example
7:51
Extra Example 1: Length Probability
11:07
Extra Example 2: Area Probability
12:14
Extra Example 3: Area Probability
17:17
Extra Example 4: Area of a Sector of a Circle
26:23
Section 11: Solids
Three-Dimensional Figures

23m 39s

Intro
0:00
Polyhedrons
0:05
Polyhedrons: Definition and Examples
0:06
Faces
1:08
Edges
1:55
Vertices
2:23
Solids
2:51
Pyramid
2:54
Cylinder
3:45
Cone
4:09
Sphere
4:23
Prisms
5:00
Rectangular, Regular, and Cube Prisms
5:02
Platonic Solids
9:48
Five Types of Regular Polyhedra
9:49
Slices and Cross Sections
12:07
Slices
12:08
Cross Sections
12:47
Extra Example 1: Name the Edges, Faces, and Vertices of the Polyhedron
14:23
Extra Example 2: Determine if the Figure is a Polyhedron and Explain Why
17:37
Extra Example 3: Describe the Slice Resulting from the Cut
19:12
Extra Example 4: Describe the Shape of the Intersection
21:25
Surface Area of Prisms and Cylinders

38m 50s

Intro
0:00
Prisms
0:06
Bases
0:07
Lateral Faces
0:52
Lateral Edges
1:19
Altitude
1:58
Prisms
2:24
Right Prism
2:25
Oblique Prism
2:56
Classifying Prisms
3:27
Right Rectangular Prism
3:28
4:55
Oblique Pentagonal Prism
6:26
Right Hexagonal Prism
7:14
Lateral Area of a Prism
7:42
Lateral Area of a Prism
7:43
Surface Area of a Prism
13:44
Surface Area of a Prism
13:45
Cylinder
16:18
Cylinder: Right and Oblique
16:19
Lateral Area of a Cylinder
18:02
Lateral Area of a Cylinder
18:03
Surface Area of a Cylinder
20:54
Surface Area of a Cylinder
20:55
Extra Example 1: Find the Lateral Area and Surface Are of the Prism
21:51
Extra Example 2: Find the Lateral Area of the Prism
28:15
Extra Example 3: Find the Surface Area of the Prism
31:57
Extra Example 4: Find the Lateral Area and Surface Area of the Cylinder
34:17
Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones

26m 10s

Intro
0:00
Pyramids
0:07
Pyramids
0:08
Regular Pyramids
1:52
Regular Pyramids
1:53
Lateral Area of a Pyramid
4:33
Lateral Area of a Pyramid
4:34
Surface Area of a Pyramid
9:19
Surface Area of a Pyramid
9:20
Cone
10:09
Right and Oblique Cone
10:10
Lateral Area and Surface Area of a Right Cone
11:20
Lateral Area and Surface Are of a Right Cone
11:21
Extra Example 1: Pyramid and Prism
13:11
Extra Example 2: Find the Lateral Area of the Regular Pyramid
15:00
Extra Example 3: Find the Surface Area of the Pyramid
18:29
Extra Example 4: Find the Lateral Area and Surface Area of the Cone
22:08
Volume of Prisms and Cylinders

21m 59s

Intro
0:00
Volume of Prism
0:08
Volume of Prism
0:10
Volume of Cylinder
3:38
Volume of Cylinder
3:39
Extra Example 1: Find the Volume of the Prism
5:10
Extra Example 2: Find the Volume of the Cylinder
8:03
Extra Example 3: Find the Volume of the Prism
9:35
Extra Example 4: Find the Volume of the Solid
19:06
Volume of Pyramids and Cones

22m 2s

Intro
0:00
Volume of a Cone
0:08
Volume of a Cone: Example
0:10
Volume of a Pyramid
3:02
Volume of a Pyramid: Example
3:03
Extra Example 1: Find the Volume of the Pyramid
4:56
Extra Example 2: Find the Volume of the Solid
6:01
Extra Example 3: Find the Volume of the Pyramid
10:28
Extra Example 4: Find the Volume of the Octahedron
16:23
Surface Area and Volume of Spheres

14m 46s

Intro
0:00
Special Segments
0:06
Radius
0:07
Chord
0:31
Diameter
0:55
Tangent
1:20
Sphere
1:43
Plane & Sphere
1:44
Hemisphere
2:56
Surface Area of a Sphere
3:25
Surface Area of a Sphere
3:26
Volume of a Sphere
4:08
Volume of a Sphere
4:09
Extra Example 1: Determine Whether Each Statement is True or False
4:24
Extra Example 2: Find the Surface Area of the Sphere
6:17
Extra Example 3: Find the Volume of the Sphere with a Diameter of 20 Meters
7:25
Extra Example 4: Find the Surface Area and Volume of the Solid
9:17
Congruent and Similar Solids

16m 6s

Intro
0:00
Scale Factor
0:06
Scale Factor: Definition and Example
0:08
Congruent Solids
1:09
Congruent Solids
1:10
Similar Solids
2:17
Similar Solids
2:18
Extra Example 1: Determine if Each Pair of Solids is Similar, Congruent, or Neither
3:35
Extra Example 2: Determine if Each Statement is True or False
7:47
Extra Example 3: Find the Scale Factor and the Ratio of the Surface Areas and Volume
10:14
Extra Example 4: Find the Volume of the Larger Prism
12:14
Section 12: Transformational Geometry
Mapping

14m 12s

Intro
0:00
Transformation
0:04
Rotation
0:32
Translation
1:03
Reflection
1:17
Dilation
1:24
Transformations
1:45
Examples
1:46
Congruence Transformation
2:51
Congruence Transformation
2:52
Extra Example 1: Describe the Transformation that Occurred in the Mappings
3:37
Extra Example 2: Determine if the Transformation is an Isometry
5:16
Extra Example 3: Isometry
8:16
Reflections

23m 17s

Intro
0:00
Reflection
0:05
Definition of Reflection
0:06
Line of Reflection
0:35
Point of Reflection
1:22
Symmetry
1:59
Line of Symmetry
2:00
Point of Symmetry
2:48
Extra Example 1: Draw the Image over the Line of Reflection and the Point of Reflection
3:45
Extra Example 2: Determine Lines and Point of Symmetry
6:59
Extra Example 3: Graph the Reflection of the Polygon
11:15
Extra Example 4: Graph the Coordinates
16:07
Translations

18m 43s

Intro
0:00
Translation
0:05
Translation: Preimage & Image
0:06
Example
0:56
Composite of Reflections
6:28
Composite of Reflections
6:29
Extra Example 1: Translation
7:48
Extra Example 2: Image, Preimage, and Translation
12:38
Extra Example 3: Find the Translation Image Using a Composite of Reflections
15:08
Extra Example 4: Find the Value of Each Variable in the Translation
17:18
Rotations

21m 26s

Intro
0:00
Rotations
0:04
Rotations
0:05
Performing Rotations
2:13
Composite of Two Successive Reflections over Two Intersecting Lines
2:14
Angle of Rotation: Angle Formed by Intersecting Lines
4:29
Angle of Rotation
5:30
Rotation Postulate
5:31
Extra Example 1: Find the Rotated Image
7:32
Extra Example 2: Rotations and Coordinate Plane
10:33
Extra Example 3: Find the Value of Each Variable in the Rotation
14:29
Extra Example 4: Draw the Polygon Rotated 90 Degree Clockwise about P
16:13
Dilation

37m 6s

Intro
0:00
Dilations
0:06
Dilations
0:07
Scale Factor
1:36
Scale Factor
1:37
Example 1
2:06
Example 2
6:22
Scale Factor
8:20
Positive Scale Factor
8:21
Negative Scale Factor
9:25
Enlargement
12:43
Reduction
13:52
Extra Example 1: Find the Scale Factor
16:39
Extra Example 2: Find the Measure of the Dilation Image
19:32
Extra Example 3: Find the Coordinates of the Image with Scale Factor and the Origin as the Center of Dilation
26:18
Extra Example 4: Graphing Polygon, Dilation, and Scale Factor
32:08
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Lecture Comments (1)

0 answers

Post by Kenneth Montfort on March 1, 2013

in previous lectures, you mentioned that if a segment doesn't have a bar over it, then we are talking about measures of segments, so wouldn't the reason be the definition of measure of AB instead of the definition of congruent segments?

Proving Segment Relationship

  • A good proof is made of five essential parts:
    • State the theorem to be proved
    • List the given information
    • If possible, draw a diagram to illustrate the given information
    • State what is to be proven
    • Use a system of deductive reasoning to complete the proof
  • Reasons in a proof include:
    • Undefined terms
    • Definitions
    • Postulates
    • Previously proven theorems

Proving Segment Relationship

Justify the following statement with a property of algebra or congruent segment.
If AB = CD, CD = EF, then AB = EF.
Transitive property of equality
Justify the following statement with a property of algebra or congruent segment.
―XY @―YX
Symmetric property of @ segment.
Justify the following statement with a property of algebra or congruent segment.
If ―AB = ―CD , ―CD = ―EF , then ―AB = ―EF .
Transitive property of @segment.
Write the given, prove, and drawing to setup a proof.
An acute angle's supplementary angle is an obtuse angle.

Given: ∠ABC and ∠CBD are supplementary angles, and ∠ABC is an acute angle.
Prove: ∠CBD is an obtuse angle.
Write the given prove and drawing to setup a proof.
The measures of obtuse angles are larger than acute angles.

Given: ∠ABC is an obtuse angle, ∠CBD is an acute angle.
Prove: m∠ABC > m∠CDF.
Write the given prove and drawing to setup a proof.
Two adjacent complementary angles form a right angle.

Given: ∠MON and ∠NOP are adjacent, and they are also complementary angles.
Prove: ∠MOP is a right angle.
Write the given prove and drawing to setup a proof.
If two lines intersect but not perpendicular to each other, then they can form 2 pairs of congruent angles.

Given: Line AB and line CD intersect at point O, and they are not perpendicular to each other.
Prove: There are two pairs of congruent angles.
Justify the following statement with a property of algebra or congruent segment.
If MN + CB = 5, and CB = 2x + 1, then MN + 2x + 1 = 5.
Subst ( = ).
Write the given prove and drawing to setup a proof.
Adjacent angles share a votex and a side.

Given: ∠AOB and ∠BOC are adjacent.
Prove: ∠AOB and ∠BOC share a votex and a side.
Write a two - column proof.
Given: D is the midpoint of ―AB
Prove: ―AD ≅―BD .
Statements
1. D is the midpoint of ―AB
2. AD = BD
3. ―AD ≅―BD.
Reasons
1. Given
2. Definition of midpoint
3. definition of ≅ segments.

*These practice questions are only helpful when you work on them offline on a piece of paper and then use the solution steps function to check your answer.

Answer

Proving Segment Relationship

Lecture Slides are screen-captured images of important points in the lecture. Students can download and print out these lecture slide images to do practice problems as well as take notes while watching the lecture.

  • Intro 0:00
  • Good Proofs 0:12
    • Five Essential Parts
  • Proof Reasons 1:38
    • Undefined
    • Definitions
    • Postulates
    • Previously Proven Theorems
  • Congruence of Segments 4:10
    • Theorem: Congruence of Segments
  • Proof Example 10:16
    • Proof: Congruence of Segments
  • Setting Up Proofs 19:13
    • Example: Two Segments with Equal Measures
  • Setting Up Proofs 21:48
    • Example: Vertical Angles are Congruent
  • Setting Up Proofs 23:59
    • Example: Segment of a Triangle
  • Extra Example 1: Congruence of Segments 27:03
  • Extra Example 2: Setting Up Proofs 28:50
  • Extra Example 3: Setting Up Proofs 30:55
  • Extra Example 4: Two-Column Proof 33:11

Transcription: Proving Segment Relationship

Welcome back to Educator.com.0000

This next lesson is on proving segment relationships.0002

From the previous lesson, the concept of proofs was introduced.0007

And for this lesson, since we are going to be proving segment relationships, we are going to try and start setting up proofs and get you more familiar with them.0014

First, let's talk about what makes a good proof: a good proof is made of five essential parts.0031

First, state the theorem to be proved--you are going to state what you are going to prove.0041

List the given information--you are going to list everything that is given; make sure that it is good information and that it is all listed.0055

#3: If possible, draw a diagram to illustrate the given information--again, a diagram or some kind of picture or drawing0064

to show what you are dealing with, the statements and stuff.0075

State what is to be proven: you have a given statement, and you have a "prove" statement.0082

Use a system of deductive reasoning to complete the proof--you are going to go from point A to point B to complete the proof.0087

We have, on the two-column proof, the first column, which are all statements, and the second column, which are all reasons.0101

So, some of the reasons that you can list under that column can include undefined terms--just terms that you have previously learned;0107

definitions--this includes any type of definition of the terms, like the definition of...and you would just write definition as def. for short...0127

of maybe congruent segments, or maybe the definition of supplementary angles, and so on.0141

When you use definitions, you are just going to write "definition of," and then whatever it is.0157

Postulates: an example of a postulate would be the Angle Addition Postulate; so you can write Angle Addition Postulate.0163

And for most of these, you can make them shorter; if there is no name for it, then you can just write out the statement in a short way--0177

like, instead of writing out "congruent," you can just write this sign; instead of writing the whole word "definition," you can just write "def."0189

For the Angle Addition Postulate, it would just be Angle Addition Postulate; that is one postulate that you can use in your reasons.0196

Previously proven theorems: Theorems, unlike postulates...0205

Remember: with postulates, we talked about how they don't have to be proven; we can just assume them to be true.0212

So, once a postulate is introduced, we can just go ahead and start using them for our reasons, if we need to.0218

Theorems, however, have to be proven; once the theorems are proven (and they are usually proven in your textbooks), you can use them.0224

Once they are proved to be true, then theorems can also be used in your reasons.0238

Here is a proof on the congruence of segments.0252

Remember: we talked about, last lesson, our properties of equality.0259

We talked about the reflexive property, the symmetric property, and the transitive property.0265

We talked about these properties, but they are of equality; so they are good only when you are using the equals sign for them.0270

The reflexive property, remember, was that if you have a number a, then a = a; it equals itself--that is the reflexive property of equality.0278

The symmetric property is when you have that if a = b, then b = a; you flip them, and then that is the symmetric property of equality.0289

The transitive property was when you do that if a = b and b = c, then a = c; and that is the transitive property of equality.0299

So, these three properties can also be used for congruent segments.0309

But congruence is a little bit different; when you talk about segments that are congruent, it is a little bit different than equal.0317

If you are going to use them for segments, to show their congruence, then you can't write "reflexive property of equality."0328

So, instead of writing "reflexive of equality," like you did for the last lesson,0338

if it is for equality, you are going to write it as "reflexive property of congruent segments."0345

So, depending on how you use the reflexive property, you are going to write it in different ways.0359

If you are going to write it using an equals sign, then you can write "reflexive property of equality," like this.0366

But if you are going to use it for congruence of segments, then you are going to have to write "reflexive property of congruent segments"--this or this.0372

And the same thing for the symmetric property; instead of "symmetric property of equality,"0385

like this, using the equals sign, you are going to write "symmetric property of congruent segments."0390

Or you can write out "segments," too.0399

For the transitive property, it is "transitive property of congruent segments," also.0403

This is the theorem; the theorem says that congruence of segments is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.0408

The theorem is saying that you can use these three properties for the congruence of segments.0414

So, before we can actually use this and this and the transitive property of congruent segments, we have to prove this theorem.0420

Remember, theorems have to be proved; so before we can actually use this, we have to prove this theorem.0429

This is the proof to prove this theorem; and there are three of them--there is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.0437

But we are only going to look at the symmetric one.0448

For the other ones, your book should show you some kind of proof to the theorem.0454

Or if you want to look at any online things, you can just look that up for the theorem to prove the other two.0460

For this one, the congruence of segments is symmetric; that is what we are trying to prove.0472

We are proving one part of this theorem: AB is congruent to CD, and we want to prove that CD is congruent to AB.0477

So again, this is to prove the congruence of segments; see how this little symbol right here means "congruent."0488

And these are all segments: AB and CD, both of these.0497

We are trying to show that it can be symmetric; that means--see how this shows the symmetric property?0502

Congruent segments can also use the symmetric property; that is what you are proving.0510

The first statement: AB is congruent to CD: the reason for that is "Given"; the first step is always "Given."0516

The next step, AB = CD: from here to here, all that has changed from this to this is that congruence went to equality.0526

This is actually that, whenever you go from equal to congruent, or from congruent to equal, this is "definition of congruent"...0540

and since we are dealing with segments..."segments."0549

If you use angles, then you would say "definition of congruent angles."0553

And then, here, from here to here, what happened? It just flipped.0559

And we know that we can use (since we already used it for the last lesson)--this is the symmetric property of equality.0567

We know that we can use the equality one; so we are going to use that for the reason.0577

And then, the next step: see how it just went from equal to congruent now?0581

Then again, this is "definition of congruent segments."0588

And this is what we are trying to prove: that we can use the symmetric property for congruent segments.0595

Now that we have proven this theorem, we can now use these statements as our reasons.0606

Here is an example of a proof: Given is AB congruent to CD.0618

Now, you use your diagram; if you are given this, and you don't have a diagram, then draw in a diagram.0629

And then, this little mark right here, this hash mark, is just to show that this is congruent.0637

So, if you mark this once, and you mark this once, then they are congruent.0642

The next two that you want to show congruent: BD is congruent to DE.0649

I can't mark it once; if I mark it once, then that is saying that this and this are the same.0656

So then, you have to mark this twice; so this is a different one...and then DE...you mark this twice.0662

So, the segments with the same number of hash marks are congruent.0668

And you are proving that AD, this whole thing, is congruent to CE, that whole thing.0675

We know that their parts are congruent: AB is congruent to CD, that part; and then, this small part is congruent to the other small part.0682

And we want to prove that the whole thing, AD, is congruent to CE.0690

Now, remember: if you are given parts, and you have to try to prove something with the whole thing,0697

any time that you have to go from parts to whole or whole to parts, remember,0706

you are going to use the Segment Addition Postulate.0711

So, if you are dealing with segments (which we are now), then it is going to be the Segment Addition Postulate.0716

If these are angles, and you go from partial angles to the whole angle, or the whole angle to its parts, then you are going to use the Angle Addition Postulate.0722

Just so you are aware of your steps...the first step I have to fill in, and the reason is "Given."0734

Remember: I am only writing this down for my given statements.0748

AB is congruent to CD, and BD is congruent to DE.0753

Now, step 2...and I like to, for my statements and reasons, keep the same statement and the same reason on a level, so that it is easy to see.0769

From step 2's statement to step 2's reason...number 2: AB = CD, and BD = DE.0784

How did I come up with this? Well, all that has changed is going from "congruent" to "equal."0796

AB = CD right here, and BD = DE.0807

So, we just went from congruence to equality; and that means that it is "definition of congruent segments."0811

You can also say "definition of congruency"; sometimes that is used, but for this, we are just going to use "definition of congruent segments."0822

Then, this next step: here, since BD is equal to DE, this was added to AB, and this is added to this.0833

AB + DE = CD + DE; so it is just added onto each of those steps.0856

If you want, if this step is a little bit confusing, you can go on to the next step first,0873

because the next step, right here, uses the Segment Addition Postulate, AB + BD = AD, and CD + DE = CE.0880

We know that step 4 is "Segment Addition Postulate"; and then, from there, you can move on to step 3.0898

Now, proofs can be a little bit different; remember how, last lesson, I gave you the analogy of driving the car from point A to point B--0910

or maybe not driving--maybe you can't drive; but if you are going from point A to point B, you have a series of steps to get there.0920

You can make a left here, and make a right here, and so on.0932

Now, usually, from point A to point B, there might be a couple of different ways that you can get there.0936

So, in the same way, with proofs, it is not always going to be the same.0943

For the most part, there is a best way to get from point A to point B.0950

But you might have a few more steps, and that just means that you took a longer route to get to point B, your destination.0955

So, it doesn't mean that it is incorrect; as long as you correctly get from point A to point B, you have a correct proof.0965

For this one, again, you can just write, or you can just have this before,0980

because that is going to help you move on to the next step, which is AB + DE, and then this.0987

So then, 3 and 4 can be switched around; but you can also think of it as AB, and then you are adding on this BD.0996

And then, you are just taking the same equation right here, and you are just including BD and DE into it.1004

You are just including it in; now, for this one, you can do this in two steps, too.1013

You can say, since BD = DE, to add BD here and add BD here, because then it would be the Addition Postulate.1023

Here, we can also say that this is the Addition Postulate, because, since they are the same, we are just adding it onto this whole equation.1040

Let's just call it the...I'm sorry, not the addition postulate; the addition property of equality.1048

And then, this right here is the Segment Addition Postulate.1060

Then, since we know that all of this equals all of this--look here, I have all of that and all of that.1067

If this equals this, then that is the same thing as this equaling this, which means that AD is going to equal CE.1079

So, my next step is going to be AD = CE, and that is the substitution property of equality, because it is just substituting all of this from step 3.1092

If step 3 is my equation, all I did was replace this part, the whole thing, with AD, and this whole thing with CE; so it is just the substitution property.1113

And then, step 6: my step 6 has to be my "prove" statement.1123

From here to here, it went from equal to congruent; so "definition of congruent segments."1131

And we are done with this proof; so then, from that, we just were able to prove that AD, the whole thing, is congruent to CE.1144

OK, setting up proofs: I want you to practice setting up a proof.1155

You don't have to actually solve the proofs yet; don't worry about the proof itself; we will start with just setting them up first.1160

If you are given a statement or a conditional (an if/then statement), then it is just setting it up, and then having a diagram--having a drawing.1171

This first one: If two segments have equal measures, then the segments are congruent.1187

If you have two segments (let's say AB is one segment, and CD is another segment), and they are the same1196

(let's say this is 10 and this is 10), then the segments are congruent.1209

So, the "if" part, my hypothesis, is going to be my given; that is what is given to me, "if two segments have equal measures."1214

My given is going to be that...now, I am not writing it in words; I am going to write it using my actual segments that I drew out;1225

the given is that two segments have equal measures, and my two segments are AB = (because it is equal to) CD.1237

That is my given: two segments having equal measures.1249

Then, the segments are congruent--I am trying to prove that the segments are congruent.1255

This is my given statement; this is my "prove" statement, because this is the conclusion.1264

So then, the conclusion is the "prove" statement; both segments are congruent, so AB is congruent to CD.1273

When you write segments, only when you are dealing with congruent segments do you write the segment up here.1285

If AB = CD, then you are proving that AB is congruent to CD.1295

And that is all you need to do for now--just setting up the proof in this way: the given statement, the "prove" statement, and then the diagram.1299

Write the given and "prove" statements again, and draw the diagram.1311

Vertical angles are congruent: now, this one is not a conditional statement--it is not written in if/then form.1314

You can rewrite it if you want; or if you are able to figure out1323

what the hypothesis and the conclusion are by looking at this, then you can just go ahead and set up.1327

Vertical angles are congruent: if I draw my diagram, I have vertical angles--let's say 1 and 2.1333

If I rewrite this as a conditional, it is "If angles are vertical," or you can say "if two angles are vertical angles, then they are congruent."1349

My given is that angles are vertical; now, I am not writing this out; I have to write it out using my diagram.1377

That means...well, in this case, I can say that angle 1 and angle 2 are vertical angles; I am using my actual angles.1388

And then, the "prove" statement is that they are congruent; that means that I have to say that angle 1 is congruent to angle 2.1404

Now, you might not use angles 1 and 2; maybe you can label these points, and then use angles that way.1420

You can use whatever angles you want; you are setting it up the way you want to set it up.1427

But just make sure: it has to be written like this; you can just label the angles differently.1431

The next one: If a segment joins the midpoints of two sides of a triangle, then its measure is half the measure of the third side.1440

We have a triangle; if a segment joins the midpoints of two sides...so then, I need midpoints.1450

A segment joins the midpoints: here is one midpoint; that is a midpoint; here is another midpoint.1470

If a segment joins those two midpoints together, that is the segment that this is referring to.1480

Then, its measure, the measure of this (let me just label this: A, B, C, D, E), DE, is half the measure of the third side.1490

So then, these were the first two sides that it was talking about; the third side would be BC.1506

They are saying that, if this segment joins the midpoint of this and the midpoint of this,1511

from the triangle, then the measure of that segment is half the measure of the third side, this unmentioned one.1518

My given is a few different things; my given can be that...1529

Well, first of all, I have a triangle; I need to mention that, so a given is my triangle ABC; that is the triangle.1536

Then, I say that D (because I need to mention its midpoints) is the midpoint of AB, and E is the midpoint of AC.1544

And then, my "prove" statement will be that its measure is half the measure of the third side.1576

So then, DE is half the measure of BC.1583

So, given my triangle ABC, where D is the midpoint of AB and E is the midpoint of AC, then I am proving that DE is half the measure of BC.1598

DE is half the measure of ("of" means "times") BC.1610

If you divide BC by 2, then that is going to be DE.1617

OK, let's do a few more examples: for these examples, you are going to justify each statement with a property from algebra or congruent segments.1623

The first one: if 2AC = 2BD, then AC = BD.1634

This one--what did you do here? You just divided the 2 to get AC and BD, so this one is the division property.1643

Now, it is the division property of equality--we can just write the equals sign.1652

The next one: XY is congruent to XY; remember that this is a theorem that we went over at the beginning of the lesson, using congruency.1661

For this, this one, if you remember, is the reflexive property, but it is not of equality,1674

because it is not an equals sign; it is the reflexive property of congruent segments.1688

The next one: If PQ is congruent to RS, and RS is congruent to UV, then PQ is congruent to UV.1700

See how these are the same, so PQ is congruent to UV; this is the transitive property.1710

Is it of equality? No, it is the transitive property of congruent segments.1720

The next example: Write the given statement, the "prove" statement, and the drawing to set up a proof.1731

Acute angles have measures less than 90 degrees.1745

This is an acute angle; my given statement is going to be something with being acute, so I am going to say that angle A is an acute angle.1759

Remember from this: you are drawing a diagram and labeling it, and you are going to use what you labeled in these statements.1783

The given is that angle A is an acute angle, and then, what you have to prove is that this angle measures less than 90 degrees.1792

To write this as a conditional, you can say, "If the angles are acute, then they measure less than 90 degrees," and that can be our conditional.1803

Angle A is an acute angle, and then you are proving that it measures less than 90 degrees.1837

So, you are going to say, "The measure of angle A is less than 90 degrees."1842

The next example: If two segments are perpendicular, then they form 4 right angles.1856

If I have segments AB and CD, then you are saying that if they are perpendicular, and that means that all four are right angles.1871

We know that I can write that this is a right angle, because they are perpendicular.1897

But remember how this is a linear pair; so this angle and this angle are supplementary, because linear pairs are always supplementary.1902

That is how you would prove this; but again, we don't have to prove anything right now.1918

We are just going to write what is given and what we have to prove.1922

The given statement is that these are perpendicular; AB is perpendicular to CD.1927

And then, prove that (I'll label this: 1, 2, 3, 4) angle 1, angle 2, angle 3, and angle 4 are right angles.1943

Given that AB is perpendicular to CD, because segments are perpendicular, you are proving that they form four right angles.1976

So, angles 1, 2, 3, and 4 are all right angles.1985

We are going to actually do the proof for the last example.1993

Write the two-column proof: Now, you can just write statements and make two columns for the statement and the reason;1999

or you can just draw out your actual two-column proof.2011

Then, let's look at this: GR is congruent to IL; GR, this whole thing, is congruent to this whole thing.2019

SR, this short one, is congruent to SL; I have to prove that GS is congruent to IS.2037

Now, I am not going to mark that yet, because I have to prove it.2050

It is not true yet, until I am done with my proof.2053

My statements...let's do it like that, and then here are my statements; here are my reasons.2061

Step 1 (I'll use a different color): GR is congruent to IL, and SR is congruent to SL; the reason is that it is given.2078

Step 2: Now, look at this again; whenever you deal with whole segments with its parts, we are going to use the Segment Addition Postulate.2102

You want to try to break it up into its parts.2116

GR = GS + SR, and IL = (I am just doing this to both segments) IS + SL; this is the Segment Addition Postulate.2120

Now, before I go on, notice how in step 1, I have congruent signs, and in step 2, I have equals signs.2167

For the Segment Addition Postulate, I have to make it equal, not congruent.2176

If I want to go on any further, using GR and IL or anything else, I need to change my step 1 to equals signs.2181

I could have done that for step 2, and then for step 3 done the Segment Addition Postulate;2194

but as long as you get it done before you use it, it is fine.2198

So then, in my step 3, I am going to write GR = IL, and SR = SL.2204

And then, since all I did was change it from congruent to equal, it is "definition of congruent segments."2215

Then, my next step: See how GR is right there, and then IL is right there;2228

so then, I can use this as my equation, and then substitute in the parts of GR, all of this, because that equals GR.2240

I can substitute all of that into GR, and then substitute all of this for IL.2253

I am going to make GS + SR equal to IS + SL; again, all we did was substitute in all of this stuff for GR, and substitute in all of this for IL.2261

And that is the substitution...of congruent segments?--no, of equality, because it is equal.2283

Then my step 5: Since I know that...2296

Well, from here, let's go back to our previous statement: GS is congruent to IS.2304

Here is GS; here is IS; somehow, I have to get rid of SR and SL.2309

Luckily, I know that they equal each other; so I can substitute in one for the other.2317

GS +...it doesn't matter which one; I can change this to SL, or I can change this one to SR; so let me just change this to SL...equals IS + SL.2324

Step 5 (I am running out of room here): I use the substitution property.2341

Remember not to write "sub." for substitution, because that can be the subtraction property, too.2348

And then, step 6: For me to get rid of SL and SL, I just have to subtract it.2355

If I subtract, then I just get GS = IS; and that is the subtraction property of equality.2366

Now, I am almost done; right here, even though I have GS = IS, and this is GS converting to IS, I have to make it look exactly the same.2379

My last step that I am going to do is GS is congruent to IS; and that step is the definition of congruent segments.2390

And that is it; we have proved that GS is congruent to IS.2412

Remember: we used the Segment Addition Postulate, because I have this whole segment,2418

and then I need to use these parts; for parts to the whole, use the Segment Addition Postulate.2422

If you want, you can try to erase it or try not to look at this, and try working on this proof yourself.2434

Just go back and rewind it or whatever, and then just try to work on the proof on your own.2444

And then, you can come back to this and check your answers.2451

OK, well, that is it for this lesson; we will see you for the next lesson.2455

Thank you for watching Educator.com.2461

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