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Postwar Prosperity and The 'Other' America

  • Positive aspects of the U.S. economy: huge economic growth & gdp tripled between after WWII through the 60s
  • In addition to the GI bill, employers acceptance of collective bargaining helped workers’ wages, benefits, & ability to buy homes
  • The “Other” America: Michael Harrington wrote powerfully about an America that contained within it “an affluent society” and “an underdeveloped nation, a culture of poverty”
  • Bretton Woods System: an important conference was held in 1944 and several institutions (like the IMF and World Bank) were created that not only were intended to help reconstruct war-torn Europe and help support Third World counties, but they also helped the U.S. economy
  • Rise in consumerism: in 1951, more $ spent on advertising than on education ($6.5 billion as opposed to $5 billion)
  • Huge suburbanization during the postwar era Levitttowns: revolutionized by William J. Levitt--affordable tract houses in housing developments in NY, PA, & NJ
  • The downside of suburbanization: suburban sprawl, “white flight,” restrictive covenants, and segregated neighborhoods
  • The Civil Rights Movement grew, and groups like the NAACP became more active as a result to combat discrimination in housing, transportation & other areas
  • Brown v. Board of Education:in a unanimous decision, it overturned the Plessy case. (Earl Warren: chief justice, who ended up being liberal, declared that separation implied inferiority)
  • Backlash against civil rights gains also grew
  • Clash between cultural conformists and dissenters who began to question the status quo

Postwar Prosperity and The 'Other' America

Lecture Slides are screen-captured images of important points in the lecture. Students can download and print out these lecture slide images to do practice problems as well as take notes while watching the lecture.

  1. Intro
    • Overview
      • Economic Realities
      • Rise in Gross Domestic Product
        • The Affluent Society
          • Or the “Other” America
          • Bretton Woods System
          • Economic Trends in the 1950s
          • General Electric
            • Suburban Living
            • Levittowns and Tract Housing
              • Negative Effects of Suburbanization
              • Changing Demographics
                • Baby Boom! “Gotta Make Up for Lost Time”
                  • Highway Expansion
                  • City “Life Belts” and Car Culture
                    • The Emerging Civil Rights Movement
                      • Civil Rights Challenges
                      • Brown v. Board of Education, 1954
                      • “Massive Resistance” Against the Case
                      • Segregationists and the Little Rock Nine
                        • Nonviolent Protest and Civil Disobedience
                        • Social Critics: The Beats
                        • Be-Bop Jazz
                        • Other Culture Dissenters
                        • Pop Art
                        • TV Culture and Rock and Roll
                        • 1950s: Conformity or Rebellion?
                          • Women's Issues in the 1950s
                          • The Feminine Mystique
                            • Other Policies and Demographic Changes
                            • The Second Migration, 1940-1970
                              • Other Demographic Changes
                              • Example 1
                                • Example 2
                                  • Example 3
                                    • Example 4
                                      • Intro 0:00
                                      • Overview 0:09
                                      • Economic Realities 2:08
                                        • Huge Economic Growth
                                        • Postwar Boom
                                        • Defense Spending and Domestic Programs
                                        • Acceptance of Collective Bargaining
                                      • Rise in Gross Domestic Product 3:52
                                      • The Affluent Society 4:01
                                      • Or the “Other” America 5:14
                                        • U.S. Affluence
                                        • John Kenneth Galbraith
                                        • The Other America
                                        • Michael Harrington
                                      • Bretton Woods System 7:06
                                        • Third World Countries
                                        • The World Bank
                                        • The International Monetary Fund
                                        • Strongest Currency
                                        • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
                                        • Fixed Exchange Rates
                                      • Economic Trends in the 1950s 10:54
                                        • Consolidation of Corporations Continued
                                        • Rise in Consumerism
                                      • General Electric 12:24
                                      • Suburban Living 14:01
                                        • Levittowns
                                        • Henry J. Kaiser
                                        • The Federal Housing Administration
                                        • Veterans Administration
                                      • Levittowns and Tract Housing 16:13
                                      • Negative Effects of Suburbanization 16:34
                                        • The Downside of Suburbanization
                                        • Restrictive Covenants
                                        • Shelley v. Kramer
                                      • Changing Demographics 18:52
                                      • Baby Boom! “Gotta Make Up for Lost Time” 19:33
                                      • Highway Expansion 20:27
                                        • National Interstate and Defense Highways Act
                                        • Mass Transit Systems
                                      • City “Life Belts” and Car Culture 21:23
                                      • The Emerging Civil Rights Movement 21:53
                                      • Civil Rights Challenges 23:36
                                        • The NAACP
                                        • Thurgood Marshall
                                        • Linda Brown
                                      • Brown v. Board of Education, 1954 25:54
                                        • Plessy case
                                        • Racial Segregation in Schools and other Public Facilities
                                        • Violates the 14th Amendment
                                      • “Massive Resistance” Against the Case 27:33
                                        • A Southern Manifesto
                                        • KKK
                                        • Governor Orval Faubus of AR
                                        • Southern Universities
                                      • Segregationists and the Little Rock Nine 29:35
                                      • Nonviolent Protest and Civil Disobedience 30:31
                                        • Rosa Parks
                                        • A Local Segregation Ordinance
                                        • A Boycott of Montgomery's Bus System
                                      • Social Critics: The Beats 32:40
                                        • Rejected Conventional Society
                                        • Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg
                                        • The Springboard for the Counterculture Movement
                                      • Be-Bop Jazz 34:03
                                        • Improvisational
                                        • Bebop Musicians
                                      • Other Culture Dissenters 35:19
                                        • Alienation from Mainstream Society
                                        • Abstract Expressionism
                                        • Jackson Pollock
                                      • Pop Art 35:53
                                        • Aspects of Mass Media
                                        • Mundane Cultural Objects
                                        • Andy Warhol
                                      • TV Culture and Rock and Roll 36:33
                                        • Television Sets
                                        • Rock and Roll
                                      • 1950s: Conformity or Rebellion? 38:53
                                      • Women's Issues in the 1950s 40:14
                                        • Feminine Mystique
                                        • Motherhood
                                        • Glass Ceiling
                                      • The Feminine Mystique 42:24
                                      • Other Policies and Demographic Changes 43:05
                                        • Operation Wetback
                                        • Puerto Ricans
                                        • Second Migration
                                        • Immigration and Nationality Act
                                      • The Second Migration, 1940-1970 44:52
                                      • Other Demographic Changes 45:15
                                        • Inner Cities Declined
                                        • Suburban Affluence and the “Other America”
                                      • Example 1 45:49
                                      • Example 2 46:42
                                      • Example 3 48:07
                                      • Example 4 50:33
                                      Elizabeth Turro

                                      Elizabeth Turro

                                      Postwar Prosperity and The 'Other' America

                                      Slide Duration:

                                      Table of Contents

                                      Section 1: Period 1: 1491 - 1607
                                      The First Americans

                                      53m 30s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:06
                                      “American” History?
                                      3:12
                                      Controversies with the Term, “America”
                                      3:24
                                      The Origin of the Term, “America”
                                      4:10
                                      The Peopling of the Americas
                                      4:40
                                      The Land Bridge Theory
                                      6:33
                                      How the First Americans come to the Continent
                                      6:44
                                      Evidence of the First Americans
                                      7:50
                                      The Three Major Waves of the First Americans
                                      8:27
                                      The First Wave
                                      8:40
                                      The Second Wave
                                      8:50
                                      The Third Wave
                                      8:57
                                      The Controversial of Kennewick Man
                                      9:12
                                      The Native Americans
                                      9:47
                                      The Three Sisters
                                      9:50
                                      The Effects of Agricultural Surplus
                                      10:26
                                      The Three Sisters
                                      11:09
                                      Mayas and Aztecs of Mesoamerica
                                      11:57
                                      Olmec Civilization
                                      11:45
                                      Subsequent
                                      12:36
                                      Mayan Society
                                      12:52
                                      Jaguar Temple in Tikal (Mayan Temple)
                                      13:17
                                      Mayan Calendar
                                      15:11
                                      Mayans
                                      15:43
                                      Priests Ruled Society
                                      15:53
                                      The Decline of the Mayan Civilization
                                      16:03
                                      Aztecs
                                      16:40
                                      Tenochtitlan
                                      16:51
                                      Aztec Priests and Warrior Nobles
                                      17:12
                                      Incas
                                      17:39
                                      Introduction of the Incas
                                      18:06
                                      Summary of Mayans, Aztecs and Incas
                                      18:29
                                      Map of Native American Cultural Areas
                                      18:55
                                      The Indians of the North of Rio Grande
                                      20:15
                                      Clan-Based and Egalitarian Society
                                      20:36
                                      Why the Indians did not Develop into an Advanced Group?
                                      21:22
                                      Self-Governing Tribes
                                      22:28
                                      Southwest Settlements
                                      22:51
                                      Hohokam, Anasazi, Pueblos
                                      23:00
                                      The Decline of the Southwest Settlements
                                      23:47
                                      Architectural Site of a Southwest Settlement
                                      24:01
                                      Underground Kivas of the Anasazi
                                      24:05
                                      Zunis, Acomas and Hopis
                                      24:36
                                      Artifacts From the Southwest
                                      24:49
                                      Lives of the Pueblo People
                                      25:10
                                      Ancient Apartment buildings of Anasazi and Petroglyph
                                      25:42
                                      Midwest Settlements
                                      26:39
                                      Adena-Hopewells
                                      26:42
                                      Cahokia
                                      27:25
                                      The Decline of the Mississippian Civilization
                                      28:07
                                      Muskogean and Algonquian Speaking Societies
                                      28:18
                                      Hopewell Mound
                                      28:51
                                      The Great Serpent Mound
                                      29:07
                                      The Culture of Mississippians
                                      29:15
                                      Animists
                                      29:53
                                      Northeast Settlements
                                      30:33
                                      Hunting and Farming-Based Society
                                      30:48
                                      Iroquois Confederation
                                      30:57
                                      Iroquois Women at Work, 1724
                                      32:42
                                      Matrilineal Society
                                      33:27
                                      Iroquois Creation Myth
                                      33:38
                                      Dominant Economic Activity
                                      35:35
                                      The “New World”
                                      36:27
                                      Example 1
                                      37:26
                                      Example 2
                                      43:15
                                      Example 3
                                      44:44
                                      Example 4
                                      50:59
                                      Interactions of Europeans, Native Americans and Africans

                                      55m

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:50
                                      Europeans Encounters Africans and the Americans 1450-1550
                                      2:51
                                      European Agricultural Society - Yeomen
                                      3:42
                                      Hierarchical Social Order
                                      4:39
                                      Hierarchy
                                      4:59
                                      Inheritance and Religious Influences
                                      5:32
                                      Dower and Primogeniture
                                      5:33
                                      Religious Influences
                                      6:00
                                      Importance of Religious History
                                      6:43
                                      Pagans and Animists
                                      6:53
                                      Crusades
                                      7:20
                                      Christian Identity of Europeans
                                      7:56
                                      Absorption of Arab Knowledge
                                      8:08
                                      The Renaissance and The Age of Exploration
                                      8:57
                                      The Black Death
                                      9:16
                                      The Renaissance
                                      9:34
                                      Improvements in Technology
                                      11:15
                                      Prince Henry the Navigator
                                      11:51
                                      Gunpowder
                                      13:00
                                      West Africa and the Mediterranean in the 15th Century
                                      13:50
                                      Sea of Darkness
                                      14:28
                                      Madeira and Azore Islands
                                      14:47
                                      The Development of the Slave Trade System
                                      15:00
                                      Trade Routes in the Sub-Saharan Region
                                      15:21
                                      Trade Routes in the Globe
                                      16:45
                                      West African Society and Slavery
                                      17:31
                                      Geographical Location
                                      18:21
                                      Trading of Goods
                                      18:50
                                      Languages
                                      19:22
                                      Spiritual Beliefs
                                      20:01
                                      Effects of European Traders
                                      20:16
                                      Europeans and Africans Trade
                                      20:56
                                      Vasco da Gama
                                      21:28
                                      Slave Trade
                                      22:00
                                      War Captives and Criminals
                                      23:15
                                      Portuguese Traders and Slavery
                                      24:19
                                      Elmina, Foree, Mpinda and Loango
                                      24:30
                                      Sugar Plantations
                                      25:13
                                      Shipping to the America
                                      25:56
                                      Europeans Explore America
                                      26:19
                                      Spanish Monarchs, King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabel of Castile
                                      26:26
                                      Arranged Marriage
                                      26:52
                                      The Capture of Granada
                                      27:33
                                      Ferdinand and Isabella
                                      27:42
                                      Christopher Columbus
                                      27:58
                                      Two Goals
                                      28:26
                                      Christopher Columbus
                                      28:47
                                      Native Inhabitants
                                      29:12
                                      The Three Expeditions
                                      29:31
                                      Colonization of the West Indies
                                      30:22
                                      Amerigo Vespucci
                                      30:40
                                      The Spanish Conquest
                                      31:02
                                      Reconquista
                                      31:18
                                      Hernan Cortes
                                      31:37
                                      Moctezuma
                                      31:50
                                      Superior European Military Technology
                                      32:11
                                      Conquistadors and Disease
                                      32:44
                                      Francisco Pizarro
                                      33:30
                                      Conquistadors and Encomiendas
                                      33:43
                                      Columbian Exchange Map
                                      34:52
                                      Columbian Exchange
                                      36:20
                                      The Definition of Columbian Exchange
                                      36:21
                                      The Gold and Silver from Aztecs
                                      36:46
                                      Spanish Colonization of Americas
                                      37:15
                                      Spaniards Migration
                                      37:22
                                      Mestizo Population
                                      37:51
                                      Effects of Spanish Conquest
                                      38:27
                                      Introduction of Pigs
                                      38:36
                                      Steel Weapons
                                      38:48
                                      Smallpox
                                      38:57
                                      European Treatment of Native Americans
                                      39:20
                                      “Inferiority”
                                      39:35
                                      Spanish Policy
                                      40:25
                                      Latin American Social Hierarchy
                                      41:21
                                      Las Casas and Missionaries
                                      42:20
                                      Bartolome de Las Casas
                                      43:06
                                      In Defense of the Indians
                                      43:10
                                      Enslavement of Africans
                                      43:58
                                      Example 1
                                      44:32
                                      Example 2
                                      47:45
                                      Example 3
                                      49:56
                                      Example 4
                                      52:21
                                      The Protestant Reformation, Early Dutch and British Colonization and The Price Revolution

                                      45m 42s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:10
                                      The Protestant Reformation (Early 16th Century) and the Rise of England
                                      2:00
                                      Protestant Reformation
                                      3:33
                                      Spain's Loss of its Position
                                      4:16
                                      The Protestant Movements and Religious Conflicts
                                      4:23
                                      Religious Wars
                                      4:32
                                      Protestant Nations
                                      4:49
                                      Catholic Church
                                      5:02
                                      Martin Luther
                                      5:16
                                      Martin Luther
                                      5:47
                                      Grace
                                      6:07
                                      Dismissed the Need for Priests
                                      6:24
                                      Bible as the Ultimate Authority
                                      6:48
                                      Peasants' Social Protests
                                      7:11
                                      The Peace of Augsburg
                                      7:30
                                      John Calvin and Calvinism
                                      7:58
                                      Calvinism
                                      8:50
                                      Institutes of the Christian Religion and Predestination
                                      9:13
                                      The Chances of Salvation
                                      9:33
                                      The New Creed
                                      9:49
                                      The Anglican Church
                                      10:09
                                      The Presbyterian Church
                                      11:15
                                      Puritans
                                      11:33
                                      Religious Diversity in Europe, 1600
                                      11:53
                                      Radical Religious Groups
                                      13:09
                                      Migration to America
                                      13:57
                                      The Dutch and English Challenge Spain
                                      14:32
                                      John Cabot
                                      15:12
                                      King Philip II of Spain
                                      15:46
                                      Dutch (Holland)
                                      16:05
                                      Queen Eliz. I
                                      16:28
                                      Holland on the Rise
                                      17:17
                                      The Spanish Armada
                                      17:48
                                      Philip II
                                      18:12
                                      The Rise of the Dutch
                                      18:48
                                      Henry Hudson
                                      18:58
                                      Amsterdam
                                      19:55
                                      West India Company
                                      20:28
                                      Furtrading Colony of New Netherland
                                      20:42
                                      Dutch Colonies and Hudson River Valley
                                      21:22
                                      Mercantilism
                                      22:01
                                      Parliamentary Policies
                                      23:36
                                      Enrichment of Britain
                                      23:48
                                      Mercantilist Policies
                                      24:48
                                      Rise of Economy
                                      24:50
                                      Queen Eliz
                                      25:48
                                      The Domestic English Textile Industry
                                      26:11
                                      Merchant-Oriented Policies
                                      26:48
                                      Triangular Trade
                                      27:00
                                      Complex View of the Atlantic Trade System
                                      28:05
                                      The Social Causes of English Colonization
                                      28:57
                                      Merchant Fleets and Manufactures
                                      29:26
                                      Price Revolution
                                      29:39
                                      Creating Representative Government
                                      30:08
                                      Price Revolution Graph
                                      30:36
                                      Price Revolution
                                      31:10
                                      Expansion of the Textile Industry
                                      31:21
                                      Indentured Servants
                                      31:58
                                      A New Collision
                                      33:00
                                      Example I
                                      33:21
                                      Example II
                                      36:43
                                      A Comparison of Colonization and Settlement Patterns

                                      57m 28s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:10
                                      Spanish Settlements in North America
                                      1:46
                                      Spanish Adventurers
                                      1:50
                                      Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
                                      3:02
                                      Hernan de Soto
                                      4:45
                                      St Augustine
                                      5:24
                                      Spanish Exploration in North America
                                      5:38
                                      St. Augustine
                                      8:00
                                      Indian Attacks and Spanish Response
                                      8:49
                                      Comprehensive Orders of New Discoveries
                                      9:10
                                      Pacification of Indians
                                      9:48
                                      Franciscan Friars
                                      10:38
                                      Images Related to Spanish Colonization
                                      12:13
                                      San Antonio Mission
                                      12:29
                                      Pope
                                      13:29
                                      Native American Response to Spanish Policies
                                      14:28
                                      Attitude towards Franciscans
                                      14:39
                                      Sante Fe
                                      16:03
                                      Pueblo Revolt
                                      16:23
                                      Pueblos Joining the Spaniards
                                      18:15
                                      What did Spain Achieve?
                                      19:05
                                      Settled San Diego and San Francisco
                                      19:50
                                      Development of the Rigid Class System
                                      20:17
                                      New Spain
                                      22:21
                                      Spanish Class System
                                      22:51
                                      The French Explore and Settle in North America
                                      24:20
                                      Giovanni da Verrazano
                                      24:30
                                      Voyages of Jacques
                                      25:33
                                      Quebec
                                      26:20
                                      Louisiana
                                      27:42
                                      Fur trade and Relations with Native Americans
                                      28:09
                                      The Hurons
                                      28:20
                                      Devastating Indian Wars
                                      30:22
                                      The New York Iroquois
                                      31:30
                                      The Confederation of Five Nations
                                      31:43
                                      Iroquois Five Nations
                                      32:07
                                      The French Also Sought Converts
                                      32:30
                                      The Needs of the Indians
                                      33:20
                                      Threat to Native Population
                                      33:48
                                      The Dutch Explore and Settle in North America
                                      34:29
                                      Joint-Stock Company
                                      36:14
                                      The Town of New Amsterdam
                                      38:01
                                      Encouragement of Migration
                                      38:25
                                      New Amsterdam, Dutch Style, Fort-Like Trading post
                                      39:08
                                      New Amsterdam
                                      39:42
                                      Fort Orange
                                      39:46
                                      Taverns Outnumbered Churches
                                      40:10
                                      Seizing Farming Land
                                      41:11
                                      Welcoming Settlers from Other Nations
                                      42:31
                                      The Brits Take Over and Rename the Settlement New York
                                      43:07
                                      Ignoring the Requests for Representative Government
                                      43:18
                                      Second Anglo-Dutch War
                                      44:08
                                      The Duke of York
                                      44:17
                                      Hudsob River and Dutch Colonies in Green
                                      45:35
                                      New York Divided and New Jersey is Formed
                                      46:12
                                      Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret
                                      46:50
                                      East and West Jersey
                                      47:03
                                      Quakers
                                      48:22
                                      Queen Anne
                                      48:38
                                      Example 1
                                      49:10
                                      Example 2
                                      54:24
                                      England's Tobacco Colonies, Jamestown, Bacon's Rebellion

                                      55m 26s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:09
                                      Areas Colonized by 1660
                                      0:45
                                      Early British Ventures in North America and Roanoke Island
                                      1:48
                                      Sir Humphrey Gilbert
                                      2:20
                                      Sir Ferdinando Gorge
                                      2:57
                                      Sir Walter Raleigh
                                      3:20
                                      Croatoan
                                      3:57
                                      The Chesapeake Colonies
                                      4:51
                                      Populous Colonies
                                      4:59
                                      Indentured Servants
                                      5:27
                                      Virginia
                                      6:49
                                      Jamestown
                                      7:14
                                      Virginia Company
                                      7:16
                                      Corporate Colony
                                      8:44
                                      Harsh Life
                                      8:57
                                      Finding Gold
                                      9:51
                                      The Man, the Myth, the Legend
                                      10:17
                                      Powhatan and Captain John Smith
                                      11:51
                                      Powhatan
                                      12:06
                                      Opechancanough
                                      13:12
                                      Captain Smith
                                      14:22
                                      Powhatan and Pocahontas
                                      15:37
                                      Marriage
                                      16:03
                                      Introduction of Tobacco
                                      16:59
                                      Jamestown Government
                                      17:58
                                      The “Starving Time” and Tobacco
                                      18:35
                                      Disease and Famine
                                      19:27
                                      Cannibalism
                                      19:32
                                      Brown Gold
                                      20:05
                                      The VA Company Encourages Settlement
                                      20:40
                                      Headright System
                                      20:50
                                      House of Burgesses
                                      21:57
                                      Backlash of Powhatan
                                      22:51
                                      War led by Opechancanough
                                      23:40
                                      Indian Fields seized by the English
                                      24:15
                                      Virginia Becomes a Royal Colony
                                      24:40
                                      A Royal Colony
                                      25:05
                                      The Church of England
                                      26:23
                                      Maryland Is Established
                                      26:37
                                      George Calvert
                                      27:02
                                      A Safe Haven for Catholics
                                      28:09
                                      Cecil Calvert Takes Over
                                      28:54
                                      Cecil Calvert
                                      28:58
                                      An Act of Toleration
                                      29:51
                                      Protestant Revolt
                                      31:33
                                      Hard Times and Labor Shortages
                                      31:52
                                      Raising Prices of Exports
                                      32:55
                                      Sir William Berkeley
                                      34:11
                                      Nathaniel Bacon
                                      34:43
                                      Bacon's Rebellion
                                      35:17
                                      Building Frontier Forts
                                      36:02
                                      Berkeley Arrested Bacon
                                      36:47
                                      Political Reforms and Restoring the Rights of Voting
                                      37:15
                                      Nathaniel Bacon and the Site That His Followers Occupied
                                      37:36
                                      Aftermath and Effects of Bacon's Rebellion
                                      37:49
                                      Manifesto and Declaration of the People
                                      37:58
                                      Sharp Class Difference
                                      38:15
                                      Early Indication of Colonial Resistance
                                      39:38
                                      The First African Workers Arrive and Slavery Supplants Indentured Servitude
                                      40:12
                                      The First African Workers
                                      40:18
                                      English Common Law
                                      41:24
                                      Lowering the Status of Africans
                                      42:23
                                      Analyzing Primary Sources
                                      43:46
                                      Example 1
                                      44:26
                                      Example 2
                                      48:05
                                      Example 3
                                      51:10
                                      Example 4
                                      51:59
                                      Section 2: Period 2: 1607 - 1754
                                      Puritan New England, The Pequots And Metacom's Rebellion

                                      1h 3m 53s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:09
                                      Puritan Migration
                                      1:20
                                      Pilgrim Separatists Sail to North America
                                      2:29
                                      Elizabeth I
                                      2:47
                                      Separatists
                                      4:10
                                      Mayflower
                                      4:20
                                      The Mayflower and Pilgrims
                                      5:25
                                      64-Day Voyage
                                      5:43
                                      Pilgrims
                                      6:00
                                      The Mayflower Compact
                                      6:35
                                      Self-Government
                                      7:12
                                      Just and Equal Laws
                                      8:06
                                      Grim Conditions for the Pilgrims at Plymouth
                                      9:55
                                      William Bradford
                                      10:28
                                      The Local Wampanoag Tribe
                                      11:12
                                      Thanksgiving Holiday
                                      12:59
                                      Puritans Arrive in MA Bay Colony in 1630
                                      14:00
                                      Arabella
                                      14:13
                                      John Winthrop
                                      14:18
                                      More Puritans Follow the Pilgrims
                                      16:15
                                      The Anglican Church
                                      16:28
                                      Massachusetts Bay Colony
                                      17:19
                                      Joint-Stock Corporation
                                      17:53
                                      Puritan Governance and Society
                                      19:19
                                      John Winthrop
                                      19:24
                                      Holy Commonwealth
                                      20:30
                                      Creation of the Theocracy
                                      21:19
                                      The Role of Church and the Bible
                                      22:16
                                      Pious, Patriarchal Puritans
                                      23:57
                                      Patriarchal Society
                                      24:57
                                      Predestination
                                      26:04
                                      Three Ways to Deal With Uncertainties
                                      26:40
                                      Puritan Dissenters
                                      27:21
                                      Roger Williams
                                      28:05
                                      Anne Hutchinson
                                      29:34
                                      Antinomianism
                                      30:42
                                      More Dissent and New Colonies
                                      31:24
                                      Thomas Hooker
                                      31:40
                                      The Fundamental Orders
                                      31:51
                                      Puritanism and Witchcraft
                                      33:21
                                      Witchcraft
                                      37:45
                                      European Enlightenment
                                      39:16
                                      Puritans Value Education
                                      39:53
                                      Puritan Law
                                      40:19
                                      Harvard College
                                      40:32
                                      Tight-Knit Yeoman Society
                                      41:14
                                      Town Meeting
                                      42:42
                                      Proprietors
                                      43:51
                                      A Socioeconomic Hierarchy
                                      44:22
                                      Puritan Town and Village Map
                                      44:45
                                      Halfway Covenant
                                      46:03
                                      Clergy
                                      46:30
                                      New England Congregationalists
                                      46:46
                                      Partial Church Members
                                      47:25
                                      Map of Algonquian Peoples In MA
                                      48:17
                                      Puritans and Pequots
                                      49:36
                                      Pequot Warriors
                                      50:00
                                      Savages
                                      50:32
                                      Praying Towns
                                      51:12
                                      The Wampanoag and Metacom's Rebellion
                                      51:40
                                      Peaceful Relations with Wampanoag
                                      51:50
                                      Metacom
                                      52:47
                                      The White Settlements
                                      53:20
                                      Losses of the Rebellion
                                      54:15
                                      Metacom
                                      55:24
                                      Example 1
                                      56:06
                                      Example 2
                                      59:10
                                      Example 3
                                      1:01:13
                                      The British Empire in North America, Part I

                                      1h 3m 58s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:08
                                      Restoration Colonies
                                      1:43
                                      Charles II
                                      2:17
                                      South and North Carolina
                                      2:49
                                      Feudal Manors
                                      3:13
                                      Map
                                      4:49
                                      Georgia Founded Later in 1732
                                      5:55
                                      A Buffer
                                      6:10
                                      James Oglethorpe
                                      6:20
                                      Charles II Grants Proprietorships
                                      7:58
                                      A Gentry Class
                                      8:41
                                      Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina
                                      9:25
                                      The Carolinas
                                      10:15
                                      Rebellion of the English Quakers
                                      10:40
                                      South Carolinians
                                      11:58
                                      Pennsylvania
                                      13:15
                                      William Penn
                                      14:48
                                      Inner Light
                                      15:08
                                      Church Services
                                      16:14
                                      William Penn
                                      17:00
                                      The Society of Friends
                                      17:35
                                      Holy Experiment
                                      18:04
                                      City of Brotherly Love
                                      18:17
                                      Pennsylvania's Frame of Government
                                      18:36
                                      Guaranteed Religious Freedom
                                      19:32
                                      Persecuted Protestants
                                      20:50
                                      Political Factionalism
                                      21:53
                                      The British Increase Pressure on the Colonies
                                      22:52
                                      Navigation Act in 1651
                                      24:19
                                      Navigation Act in 1660
                                      25:56
                                      Navigation Act in 1663
                                      26:30
                                      English Domination of Commerce
                                      27:02
                                      The Revenue Act of 1673
                                      27:22
                                      Commercial Wars
                                      27:58
                                      A Punitive Legal Strategy
                                      28:57
                                      Divine Right
                                      30:10
                                      The Dominion of New England
                                      30:46
                                      The Dominion
                                      31:11
                                      Sir Edmund Andros
                                      31:42
                                      English Law and Customs
                                      32:53
                                      Excerpts From the Commission of Sir Edmund Andros
                                      33:20
                                      Imposing Levy Rates and Taxes
                                      33:44
                                      Executing Martial Law
                                      34:22
                                      Britain's American Empire in 1713
                                      34:45
                                      Dominion of New England and Sir Edmund Andros
                                      37:27
                                      The Glorious Revolution and Its Effects
                                      38:30
                                      Glorious Revolution
                                      38:56
                                      Mary and Williams of Orange
                                      39:12
                                      Constitutional Monarchs
                                      39:28
                                      The English Bill of Rights in 1689 and the Enlightenment
                                      41:43
                                      The English Bill of Rights
                                      41:50
                                      British Parliament
                                      42:05
                                      Two Treatises of Government
                                      42:59
                                      The Leviathan Absolutist State
                                      44:28
                                      The Demise of the Dominion of New England
                                      46:03
                                      Broke Up of the Dominion of New England
                                      46:42
                                      A New Royal Colony
                                      47:06
                                      The Restoration of Internal Self-Government
                                      47:59
                                      Board of Trade
                                      48:16
                                      Example 1
                                      48:54
                                      Example 2
                                      51:29
                                      Example 3
                                      54:36
                                      The British Empire in North America, Part II

                                      1h 58s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:06
                                      Imperial Wars and Native People
                                      3:13
                                      Carolinas Armed with the Creek
                                      3:50
                                      Fighting in the North
                                      5:03
                                      The Abenakis and Mohawks
                                      5:08
                                      Aggressive Neutrality
                                      6:09
                                      Treaty of Utrecht
                                      6:37
                                      Western Indian Trade
                                      7:03
                                      Britain's Supremacy
                                      7:24
                                      The Imperial Slave Economy
                                      7:40
                                      The South Atlantic System
                                      7:53
                                      The Sugar Plantations
                                      9:27
                                      Sugar Revolution
                                      10:09
                                      Most Profitable Crop
                                      10:21
                                      Negative Effects
                                      11:06
                                      Africa, Africans and the Slave Trade
                                      12:03
                                      Changing the West African Society
                                      12:36
                                      Benin
                                      13:02
                                      The Imbalance of the Sexes
                                      13:33
                                      Slave Trade
                                      14:00
                                      Middle Passage
                                      15:09
                                      Slavery in the Chesapeake and SC
                                      17:58
                                      A Slave Society
                                      18:10
                                      An African American Community
                                      20:28
                                      The Gullah Dialect
                                      21:06
                                      A Black Majority Emerges in South Carolina
                                      21:50
                                      Images of Slavery
                                      22:40
                                      Resistance and Accommodation
                                      26:34
                                      Drastic Limits on African Americans
                                      26:45
                                      Slave Protests
                                      27:35
                                      Stono Rebellion of 1739
                                      29:24
                                      Stono Rebellion
                                      29:58
                                      The Emergence of the Southern Gentry
                                      30:49
                                      Patriarchal Society
                                      31:03
                                      The Planter Elite
                                      31:08
                                      Owning a Slave
                                      32:33
                                      Gentility
                                      33:41
                                      Gentility
                                      33:46
                                      The Profits of the South Atlantic System
                                      34:42
                                      The Northern Urban Shipbuilding Economy
                                      35:01
                                      Bills of Exchange
                                      35:48
                                      Shipbuilding and the Distilling of Rum
                                      36:33
                                      Commerce in Lumber and Shipbuilding
                                      36:55
                                      Wealthy Landowners and Merchants
                                      37:13
                                      The Rise of Colonial Assemblies
                                      37:55
                                      Ruling With Gentle Hand
                                      37:13
                                      American Representative Assemblies
                                      39:02
                                      The Rising Power of the Colonial Assemblies
                                      39:20
                                      The Power of the People Began to Grow
                                      40:18
                                      Crowd Actions
                                      40:22
                                      Representative Political Institutions
                                      40:33
                                      Salutary Neglect
                                      41:07
                                      Constitutional Monarchism
                                      42:07
                                      The Prime Minister
                                      42:50
                                      Radical Whigs
                                      43:07
                                      Faction
                                      43:12
                                      Incompetent Royal Bureaucracy
                                      43:41
                                      Walpole
                                      44:24
                                      Navigations Act
                                      44:34
                                      A Degree of Independence
                                      44:44
                                      Walpole's Concerns
                                      45:04
                                      War Against Spain
                                      45:29
                                      War of Jenkin's Ear
                                      46:30
                                      War of Austrian Succession
                                      46:52
                                      The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
                                      48:36
                                      The America Economic Challenge
                                      49:04
                                      Navigations Act
                                      49:07
                                      The Molasses Act of 1733
                                      49:52
                                      The Currency Act
                                      50:20
                                      Example 1
                                      51:48
                                      Example 2
                                      55:42
                                      Example 3
                                      59:52
                                      Freehold New England and Diverse Middle Colonies

                                      32m 29s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:08
                                      Freehold Society in New England
                                      1:03
                                      Freeholders
                                      2:25
                                      Women and the Rural Household
                                      2:42
                                      Patriarchal Society
                                      3:06
                                      Farm Property and Inheritance
                                      4:58
                                      Laborer to Freeholder
                                      5:39
                                      Women Relinquished Ownership
                                      6:43
                                      Whole Communities
                                      7:25
                                      Challenges for Freehold Society
                                      7:30
                                      Double of the NE Population
                                      7:44
                                      Families' Petition
                                      8:56
                                      Livestock Economy
                                      10:15
                                      Preserving the Freehold Ideal
                                      10:28
                                      The Hudson River Manors
                                      10:49
                                      The Middle Atlantic Colonial Society
                                      12:23
                                      Grain Exports
                                      13:07
                                      The Hudson River Valley
                                      13:56
                                      Rural Pennsylvania and New Jersey
                                      14:45
                                      Economic Changes in Mid Atlantic
                                      15:03
                                      Social Division
                                      15:17
                                      “Outwork” Manufacturing System
                                      15:42
                                      Cultural and Religious Diversity
                                      16:13
                                      Cultural Diversity: Quakers and Germans
                                      18:47
                                      Preserving Cultural Identities of Migrants
                                      19:02
                                      German Cultural Heritage
                                      20:25
                                      Scots-Irish
                                      20:39
                                      Movement of Scots-Irish
                                      20:50
                                      Presbyterian Faith
                                      21:28
                                      Religious Identity and Political Conflict
                                      21:52
                                      Demanding a More Aggressive Indian Policy
                                      22:15
                                      Opposition to the Quakers
                                      22:51
                                      Economic and Demographic Changes in Mid Atlantic
                                      24:18
                                      Example 1
                                      25:51
                                      Example 2
                                      28:00
                                      Example 3
                                      29:38
                                      The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening in America

                                      44m 4s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:07
                                      The Enlightenment
                                      3:04
                                      The Age of Reason
                                      3:33
                                      Empirical Research and Scientific Reasoning
                                      5:25
                                      Influential Enlightenment Ideas
                                      6:45
                                      Four Fundamental Principles
                                      7:29
                                      John Locke
                                      8:03
                                      Two Treaties of Government
                                      9:28
                                      Revolutionary Ideas
                                      11:46
                                      Two Non-clergy-led Universities
                                      13:39
                                      Deism
                                      14:32
                                      Accordance with the Law of Nature
                                      14:50
                                      Ben Franklin
                                      15:50
                                      Ben Franklin
                                      16:02
                                      Key Contributor of American Revolution
                                      16:45
                                      Founder of the Junto Club
                                      17:12
                                      American Philosophical Society
                                      17:22
                                      Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanak
                                      18:16
                                      Almanacs
                                      18:25
                                      Richard Saunders
                                      18:35
                                      Wise Maxims
                                      18:49
                                      American Pietism
                                      19:53
                                      Pietism
                                      20:12
                                      Evangelical Christian Movement
                                      20:27
                                      Jonathan Edwards
                                      22:04
                                      The Great Awakening
                                      22:18
                                      Christian Zeal
                                      22:24
                                      George Whitefield
                                      23:10
                                      New Light
                                      23:48
                                      George Whitefield
                                      24:06
                                      The Great Awakening
                                      24:46
                                      Growth of Churches
                                      24:52
                                      Emotionalism, Revivalism, Evangelicalism
                                      24:58
                                      Itinerant Ministers
                                      25:32
                                      New Colleges
                                      25:42
                                      Jonathan Edwards
                                      26:14
                                      Revivalist and Intellectual
                                      27:01
                                      Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
                                      27:20
                                      Eternal Damnation
                                      27:42
                                      Religious Upheaval in the North
                                      28:34
                                      Old Light
                                      28:38
                                      Unconverted Sinners
                                      30:22
                                      Separatist Churches
                                      30:35
                                      Presbyterianism
                                      31:26
                                      Protestant Church Government
                                      31:31
                                      Geneva, Switzerland
                                      31:50
                                      Hostility of Irish Catholics
                                      32:13
                                      Reverend William Tennent
                                      32:39
                                      Scots-lrish Immigrant
                                      32:49
                                      Log College
                                      33:16
                                      Picture
                                      34:02
                                      Effects of the Great Awakening
                                      34:08
                                      Americans
                                      34:45
                                      Emotionalism
                                      35:30
                                      The Congregational and Presbyterian
                                      36:45
                                      Baptists and Methodists
                                      37:10
                                      Growth in the Number of Churches
                                      37:35
                                      Example 1
                                      38:07
                                      Example 2
                                      41:09
                                      The Great Awakening Spreads to the South and the French and Indian War

                                      39m 53s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:10
                                      Social and Religious Conflict in the South
                                      1:48
                                      Challenging the Church of England and the Planter Elite
                                      2:01
                                      Freeholders
                                      2:51
                                      Religious Pluralism
                                      3:16
                                      Baptist Revivals
                                      4:02
                                      Baptist Revivals
                                      4:41
                                      Free Born Male Members
                                      5:37
                                      A New Religious identity
                                      6:14
                                      The First Three Wars
                                      6:40
                                      King William’s War
                                      7:22
                                      Queen Anne's War
                                      8:46
                                      King George's War
                                      8:47
                                      The Seven Years' War
                                      9:42
                                      French and Indian War
                                      9:50
                                      Iroquois Strategy
                                      11:10
                                      Beginning of French and Indian War
                                      12:05
                                      Ohio Valley
                                      12:40
                                      Fort Necessity
                                      13:17
                                      Join, Or Die
                                      13:49
                                      Pennsylvania Gazette
                                      16:30
                                      Ben Franklin's Albany Plan
                                      16:50
                                      The Board of Trade
                                      17:39
                                      One General Government
                                      17:54
                                      Significance of the Albany Plan
                                      18:53
                                      Demands for American Independence
                                      18:56
                                      Stamp Act Congress
                                      19:37
                                      Map of Conflicting Imperial Claims
                                      21:04
                                      The French and Indian War
                                      21:35
                                      Nova Scotia
                                      21:39
                                      Seven Years' War
                                      22:17
                                      William Henry
                                      22:31
                                      French and Indian War Map
                                      22:56
                                      End of War
                                      23:36
                                      Treaty of Easton
                                      23:38
                                      Quebec
                                      24:02
                                      The Treaty of Paris
                                      24:30
                                      Boundaries After Treaty of Paris
                                      25:40
                                      Pontiac's Rebellion
                                      26:33
                                      Ottawa Chief Pontiac
                                      26:37
                                      Indian Alliance
                                      27:49
                                      British Era
                                      28:11
                                      Other Effects of the War
                                      28:49
                                      American Military Ineptitude
                                      29:27
                                      Huge Debt
                                      30:10
                                      Defied the New Treaty
                                      31:15
                                      Paxton Boys
                                      32:10
                                      Example 1
                                      32:53
                                      Example 2
                                      35:44
                                      Example 3
                                      37:55
                                      Section 3: Period 3: 1754-1800
                                      British Reorganization After the French and Indian War and Colonial Protest

                                      42m 59s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:10
                                      British Shift in Policy Toward Colonists
                                      1:00
                                      Higher Import Duties
                                      1:46
                                      Discriminatory British Policies
                                      3:44
                                      British Expenditures and Revenue
                                      4:04
                                      British Law and Imperial Reform
                                      4:57
                                      The Supremacy of Parliamentary Laws
                                      5:02
                                      Second-Class Subjects
                                      5:22
                                      Currency Act
                                      6:02
                                      The Sugar Act
                                      6:46
                                      Navigation Act Loophole
                                      7:01
                                      Vice-Admiralty Court
                                      7:45
                                      The Stamp Act and Quartering Act Passed
                                      8:28
                                      Stamp Act
                                      8:39
                                      First Direct Tax
                                      9:06
                                      Quartering Act
                                      10:06
                                      Declaratory Act
                                      10:33
                                      Colonists Begin to Rebel
                                      11:21
                                      Virtual Representation
                                      11:38
                                      Patriots
                                      12:23
                                      Enlightenment Ideas
                                      12:51
                                      The Colonial Response
                                      15:06
                                      James Otis of MA
                                      15:24
                                      Stamp Act Congress
                                      15:32
                                      The Sons of Liberty
                                      16:18
                                      The Bostonians Paying the Exciseman or Tarring and Feathering
                                      17:08
                                      Extreme Measures
                                      17:46
                                      A British View
                                      19:02
                                      The Repeal or the Funeral Procession of Miss Ame-Stamp
                                      19:49
                                      Stamp Act Repealed
                                      22:01
                                      Declaratory Act
                                      22:15
                                      The Townshend Acts
                                      22:52
                                      Refuse to Drink Tea
                                      23:03
                                      More Acts, More Restrictions
                                      23:30
                                      The Revenue Act
                                      23:38
                                      Quartering Act
                                      24:24
                                      More Forms of Resistance
                                      24:56
                                      Daughters of Liberty, Boycotts and Homespuns
                                      25:06
                                      Boycotts of British Goods
                                      26:50
                                      Trade as a Political Weapon
                                      27:26
                                      Some Notable Patriots
                                      27:57
                                      Patrick Henry
                                      28:04
                                      John Adams
                                      28:49
                                      The Boston Massacre
                                      30:11
                                      The Boston Massacre
                                      30:19
                                      Paul Revere
                                      31:28
                                      Committees of Correspondence
                                      32:11
                                      The Rights and Grievances of the Colonists
                                      32:36
                                      More Organized Attempt
                                      32:47
                                      The Boston Tea Party: Reaction to Tea Act
                                      33:07
                                      Mohawk Indians
                                      33:23
                                      Crates of Tea
                                      33:47
                                      Sons of Liberty
                                      34:04
                                      British Reaction to Boston Tea Party
                                      34:43
                                      Closing Down the Port
                                      35:07
                                      Coercive Acts
                                      35:35
                                      Example 1
                                      36:06
                                      Example 2
                                      38:47
                                      The Road to Revolution

                                      42m 3s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:05
                                      Coercive or “Intolerable” Acts
                                      1:54
                                      Self-Rule Acts
                                      2:52
                                      The Quebec Act
                                      3:40
                                      King George and Parliament
                                      4:07
                                      Colonial Response
                                      4:18
                                      Committees of Correspondence
                                      4:20
                                      The House of Burgesses
                                      5:25
                                      Thomas Jefferson
                                      6:08
                                      First Continental Congress
                                      7:02
                                      Rejection of Colonial Union
                                      7:25
                                      Stop all Trades with England
                                      7:37
                                      A Statement of Grievances
                                      8:02
                                      The Suffolk Resolves
                                      9:20
                                      James Galloway
                                      9:59
                                      The Declaration of the Rights and Grievances
                                      11:16
                                      Greater American Autonomy
                                      11:31
                                      Violations of the Rights of the Colonists
                                      12:18
                                      Rebellion Spreads to the Countryside
                                      12:47
                                      Changing Attitudes to Imperial Issues
                                      13:35
                                      Yeoman Tradition of Land Ownership
                                      13:59
                                      British Response
                                      14:13
                                      Illegal Assembly
                                      14:29
                                      Payment of Defense and Administration
                                      14:55
                                      Conciliatory Propositions
                                      15:54
                                      Lexington and Concord
                                      16:26
                                      Minutemen of Concord
                                      16:37
                                      Huge Losses
                                      17:28
                                      John Lodge's “View of the Attack on Bunker Hill, with the burning of Charles Town, June 17, 1775”
                                      17:57
                                      Loyal Americans Feared “Mob Rule”
                                      18:24
                                      Sons of Liberty
                                      18:50
                                      Pacifist Beliefs
                                      19:04
                                      The Second Continental Congress Organizes
                                      20:05
                                      Continental Army
                                      20:38
                                      John Dickinson of PA
                                      21:10
                                      Olive Branch Petition
                                      21:33
                                      Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms
                                      23:09
                                      Patriots Mobilize and Loyalists Join British
                                      24:05
                                      Zealous Patriots
                                      24:11
                                      Patriot Planters
                                      26:45
                                      Thomas Paine's “Common Sense”
                                      26:52
                                      Called for Independence
                                      27:16
                                      Common Sense
                                      28:09
                                      Against British Rule
                                      28:39
                                      Example 1
                                      29:17
                                      Example 2
                                      31:48
                                      Example 3
                                      34:11
                                      Independence Declared and the Revolutionary War

                                      30m 41s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:08
                                      Independence Declared
                                      1:01
                                      Declaration of Independence
                                      1:14
                                      Thomas Jefferson
                                      1:27
                                      Principle of Individual Liberty
                                      6:01
                                      The Legitimacy of Republican State Government
                                      7:05
                                      War in the North
                                      7:20
                                      Patriots
                                      7:27
                                      The Loyalist Strongholds
                                      8:02
                                      Native Americans' Preference
                                      8:17
                                      The British Military and Strategy
                                      8:46
                                      Powerful Navy
                                      8:52
                                      Joseph Brant
                                      9:15
                                      The American Army and Strategy
                                      10:15
                                      Economically and Militarily Weak
                                      10:25
                                      New Continental Army
                                      10:28
                                      Guerilla Tactics
                                      11:34
                                      British Tactics
                                      12:12
                                      General Howe
                                      12:19
                                      Battle of Long Island
                                      13:20
                                      Trenton
                                      13:34
                                      1776-1777 Map
                                      14:04
                                      African-American Role in the War
                                      14:30
                                      Loyalists and Americans
                                      14:42
                                      Enslaved During the War
                                      15:10
                                      Women's Role in the War
                                      15:32
                                      Boycott of English Good
                                      15:58
                                      Abigail Adam's Letters
                                      17:51
                                      The Ladies Association
                                      19:49
                                      Washington’s Sewing Circle
                                      20:00
                                      Edenton Ladies Tea Party
                                      20:11
                                      Philadelphia on the Eve of the Revolution
                                      21:15
                                      General William Howe
                                      21:39
                                      Starvation at Valley Forge
                                      21:58
                                      Thomas Jeffery's, After George Heap. “ An East Prospect of the City of Philadelphia”
                                      22:11
                                      Turning Point: Battle of Saratoga
                                      23:26
                                      Saratoga
                                      23:45
                                      Captured British Troops and Equipment
                                      24:18
                                      End of War
                                      24:36
                                      Dutch Declared War Against Britain
                                      24:44
                                      Marquis de Lafayette
                                      25:05
                                      Yorktown
                                      25:39
                                      Treaty of Paris
                                      26:28
                                      Treaty of Paris in 1783
                                      26:49
                                      Example 1
                                      27:33
                                      Example 2
                                      29:09
                                      Creating Republican Institutions

                                      44m 52s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:06
                                      Creating Republican Institutions
                                      1:39
                                      Sacred Fire of Liberty
                                      2:04
                                      The Destiny of the Republican Model
                                      2:11
                                      Experiment Entrusted to the hands of the American People
                                      2:26
                                      The State Constitutions, 1776-1787
                                      2:41
                                      Republicanism
                                      3:22
                                      New Constitutions
                                      4:27
                                      Voting Rights
                                      5:48
                                      John Adam's Influence
                                      6:21
                                      Thoughts on Government
                                      6:56
                                      PA Unicameral Legislature
                                      7:08
                                      Bicameral Legislature
                                      8:07
                                      Bicameral Legislature
                                      8:43
                                      Restricting Popular Power
                                      8:49
                                      Middling Circumstances
                                      9:56
                                      Women Seek a Public Voice
                                      10:35
                                      Second-Class Citizens
                                      11:12
                                      Abigail Adams
                                      12:12
                                      Vindication of the Rights of Woman
                                      12:55
                                      On the Equality of the Sexes
                                      13:42
                                      The Loyalist Exodus
                                      14:21
                                      Structure of Rural Communities
                                      14:36
                                      A Traditional-Oriented Economic Elite
                                      15:00
                                      Entrepreneurial-Minded Republican Merchants
                                      15:13
                                      In Search of a National Government
                                      15:48
                                      Weak Central Government
                                      16:26
                                      Continental Congress
                                      16:39
                                      First Constitution
                                      17:34
                                      Congressional Powers in the Articles
                                      18:34
                                      Conduct Wars and Foreign Relations
                                      18:53
                                      Adjudicate Disputes
                                      19:38
                                      Land Ordinances
                                      20:04
                                      The Confederation and the “Northwest”
                                      20:17
                                      Westward Expansion
                                      20:50
                                      Creation of Several Ordinances
                                      21:49
                                      Secessionist Movements
                                      22:10
                                      The Northwest Territory
                                      22:46
                                      Refused Morris's Proposal
                                      23:18
                                      Trans-Appalachian West
                                      23:29
                                      Native American Tribes
                                      23:44
                                      Map of Northwest and Southwest Territories
                                      24:20
                                      Ordinance of 1784
                                      24:43
                                      Ordinance of 1785
                                      25:28
                                      Northwest Ordinance of 1787
                                      26:50
                                      A Single NW Territory
                                      27:12
                                      Inhabitants
                                      27:22
                                      Weaknesses of the Articles
                                      27:47
                                      No Power to Tax
                                      28:26
                                      No Executive
                                      28:53
                                      Single Vote for Each State
                                      29:02
                                      Diplomatic Features
                                      30:05
                                      Great Lake Area
                                      30:20
                                      John Adams
                                      31:10
                                      Example 1
                                      31:35
                                      Example 2
                                      34:28
                                      Example 3
                                      36:55
                                      The Constitutional Convention and Debate Over Ratification

                                      45m 59s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:07
                                      Debts, Taxes and Shays
                                      3:31
                                      Postwar Depression
                                      3:41
                                      Resentment of Farmers
                                      4:00
                                      Abolition of Imprisonment for Debt
                                      4:33
                                      Effects of Shays' Rebellion
                                      5:29
                                      Sentenced to Death
                                      5:37
                                      No Federal Army
                                      5:54
                                      A Riot Act
                                      6:30
                                      What Type of Government to Create?
                                      7:20
                                      A Stronger Central Government
                                      8:07
                                      Money Questions
                                      8:16
                                      Alexander Hamilton
                                      9:15
                                      James Madison
                                      11:06
                                      Madison's Virginia Plan
                                      12:06
                                      3-Tiered National Government
                                      13:41
                                      Lower House
                                      13:58
                                      Upper House
                                      14:10
                                      Patterson's New Jersey Plan
                                      14:47
                                      William Patterson
                                      15:18
                                      One-House Legislature
                                      15:57
                                      Tax and Regulate Commerce
                                      16:06
                                      The Great Compromise
                                      16:30
                                      Roger Sherman
                                      16:43
                                      Connecticut Plan
                                      17:07
                                      Legislature
                                      17:30
                                      Other Important Decisions
                                      19:56
                                      In One Supreme Court
                                      20:00
                                      The Electoral College
                                      20:23
                                      A Fugitive Clause
                                      22:50
                                      The Supreme Law of the Land
                                      23:17
                                      National Supremacy
                                      23:28
                                      The Constitution
                                      24:19
                                      Fear of Abuse of People's Rights
                                      24:58
                                      Federalism, Enlightenment and Republicanism
                                      25:34
                                      Federalism
                                      25:47
                                      Enlightenment Ideas
                                      26:27
                                      Enumerated Powers
                                      27:04
                                      Federalists V.S. Antifederalists
                                      28:42
                                      Federalists
                                      28:55
                                      The Federalist Papers
                                      29:30
                                      Antifederalists
                                      30:25
                                      A Bill of Rights
                                      30:41
                                      Completing the Structure
                                      30:57
                                      First Elections
                                      31:25
                                      Ratification
                                      31:31
                                      Washington and John Adams
                                      31:35
                                      First Ten Amendments
                                      31:44
                                      The Judiciary Act of 1789
                                      31:58
                                      Map of State Ratification of Constitution
                                      32:17
                                      Creation of a Cabinet and Three Departments
                                      33:33
                                      Example 1
                                      34:32
                                      Example 2
                                      35:25
                                      Example 3
                                      42:23
                                      The Early Nation and the Washington Administration

                                      43m 18s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:07
                                      Status of Native Americans
                                      1:55
                                      Conflicts over Land
                                      2:04
                                      Nation Within a Nation
                                      3:09
                                      Tribal Sovereignty
                                      3:20
                                      Domestic Dependent Nations
                                      4:54
                                      Native American Conflicts 1780s
                                      5:25
                                      Trans-Appalachian West
                                      5:43
                                      Treaty of Fort Stanwix
                                      6:02
                                      Native Americans in Ohio
                                      6:52
                                      Native American Conflicts 1790s
                                      7:01
                                      Northwest Confederacy
                                      7:24
                                      Miami Warrior Little Turtle
                                      7:45
                                      Battle of Fallen Timbers
                                      8:51
                                      Treaty of Greenville
                                      9:09
                                      Hamilton and the Federalist Influence
                                      9:30
                                      Federalists
                                      10:02
                                      Alexander Hamilton
                                      10:26
                                      Public Credit
                                      11:37
                                      Alexander Hamilton's Economic Plan
                                      12:06
                                      Assume the Debts of the States
                                      12:16
                                      A National Bank
                                      12:56
                                      Excise Tax
                                      13:13
                                      The Federalist Program
                                      14:24
                                      The Funding Bill
                                      14:32
                                      Potomac River
                                      15:48
                                      National Bank of the US
                                      16:08
                                      Public Credit
                                      16:15
                                      The Republican Opposition
                                      16:39
                                      The Emerging of the Republican Party
                                      17:30
                                      Agrarian Republic
                                      18:17
                                      Decentralization
                                      19:20
                                      Strict V.S. Broad Constructionism
                                      20:11
                                      Strict Constructionism
                                      21:39
                                      Elastic Clause
                                      22:45
                                      Loose or Broad Constructionism
                                      24:01
                                      Washington Wins 1792 Election
                                      25:14
                                      The Whiskey Rebellion
                                      25:50
                                      The Militia
                                      26:21
                                      Early Foreign Policy
                                      26:51
                                      Neutral Policy
                                      27:23
                                      Diplomat Edmond Genet
                                      28:05
                                      French West Indies
                                      29:19
                                      Jay's Treaty
                                      29:48
                                      Federalist John Jay
                                      30:17
                                      Opposition to Jay's Treaty
                                      31:44
                                      Pinckney's treaty in 1795
                                      31:56
                                      Thomas Pinckney
                                      32:08
                                      Mississippi River
                                      32:27
                                      Executive Privilege
                                      33:15
                                      Downfall of the Federalists
                                      33:37
                                      Republicans Rose in Power
                                      33:44
                                      Preserving Stability
                                      34:03
                                      The Election of 1796
                                      35:08
                                      Farewell Address
                                      35:46
                                      John Adams
                                      37:13
                                      Example 1
                                      37:46
                                      Example 2
                                      40:50
                                      Section 4: Period 4: 1800-1848
                                      Adams and The Jeffersonian Era

                                      48m 14s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:05
                                      John Adams
                                      1:48
                                      Political Philosopher
                                      2:40
                                      French Revolution and Haitian Revolution
                                      3:13
                                      Not a Slave Owner
                                      3:46
                                      Falling out with Jefferson
                                      4:34
                                      Relations with France Deteriorate
                                      5:32
                                      XYZ Affair
                                      7:12
                                      A Huge Backlash
                                      7:33
                                      New Warships
                                      7:59
                                      Rejected the Federalist Approach
                                      8:33
                                      Alien and Sedition Acts
                                      9:06
                                      Alien Act
                                      9:23
                                      French Revolution
                                      9:48
                                      1st Amendment's Prohibition
                                      11:19
                                      Republican Response
                                      12:21
                                      VA and KY Resolutions
                                      12:26
                                      Undelegated Powers
                                      12:40
                                      States' Rights Interpretation of the Constitution
                                      13:06
                                      Jefferson Becomes President in 1800
                                      13:50
                                      Election of 1800
                                      14:34
                                      Burr
                                      15:15
                                      Voting for Jefferson
                                      15:35
                                      Jefferson Elected
                                      15:51
                                      Electoral College
                                      15:58
                                      Revolution of 1800
                                      16:44
                                      Judiciary Act of 1801
                                      17:37
                                      Midnight Appointments
                                      18:08
                                      Marbury V. Madison
                                      19:26
                                      Marbury V. Madison
                                      19:41
                                      Judicial Review
                                      20:17
                                      John Marshall
                                      21:29
                                      Samuel Chase
                                      21:40
                                      Thomas Jefferson
                                      21:51
                                      Architect, Intellectual, Writer
                                      22:00
                                      Urbanization
                                      22:52
                                      Expansion of US Territory
                                      23:57
                                      Monticello
                                      24:23
                                      Limits on Government
                                      25:06
                                      Abolishing Internal Taxes
                                      15:15
                                      The U.S. Military Academy at West Point
                                      26:06
                                      U.S. French Relations
                                      26:25
                                      Secret Treaty of San Ildefonso of 1800
                                      27:03
                                      Unrest in the Caribbean Islands
                                      28:02
                                      New Republic of Haiti
                                      28:35
                                      Napoleon and L'ouverture
                                      29:44
                                      Other Foreign Policy Challenges
                                      30:05
                                      Pinckney Treaty of 1795
                                      30:28
                                      Robert Livingston
                                      30:42
                                      Louisiana Purchase of 1803
                                      31:46
                                      Proposal of Buying Louisiana
                                      32:17
                                      Signed the Agreement
                                      32:30
                                      Louisiana Admitted as a State
                                      32:57
                                      Louisiana Purchase
                                      33:07
                                      Lewis and Clark
                                      33:34
                                      Missouri River
                                      34:15
                                      Records to Geography and Civilizations
                                      34:43
                                      Lewis, Clark and Sacajawea
                                      35:07
                                      The Burr Conspiracy
                                      35:24
                                      Essex Junto
                                      36:00
                                      Aaron Burr
                                      36:23
                                      Other Challenges for Jefferson
                                      37:27
                                      War of 1812
                                      37:44
                                      Napoleonic War
                                      37:51
                                      Chesapeake-Leonard Incident
                                      39:03
                                      Jefferson's Proposal: Embargo
                                      39:35
                                      Embargo
                                      41:02
                                      A Controversial Policy
                                      41:53
                                      Exports
                                      42:17
                                      Example 1
                                      42:35
                                      Example 2
                                      44:46
                                      Period IV: James Madison and the War of 1812

                                      44m 36s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:06
                                      Election of 1808
                                      2:24
                                      Non-Intercourse Act in 1809
                                      3:12
                                      Macon's Bill No. 2 in 1810
                                      3:43
                                      Madison Faces Challenges
                                      4:24
                                      France Stop interfering with US Shipping
                                      4:34
                                      Indians in Ohio River Valley
                                      5:14
                                      Westward Expansion and Clashes With Native Americans
                                      5:34
                                      Treaty of Grenville in 1795
                                      6:25
                                      The Harrison Land Law
                                      6:57
                                      William Henry Harrison
                                      7:25
                                      Tenskwatawa, “The Prophet”
                                      8:18
                                      Shawnee Leader
                                      8:42
                                      Spiritual Revival
                                      10:07
                                      Tecumseh: “The Shooting Star”
                                      10:29
                                      Against White Civilization
                                      10:43
                                      Battle of Tippecanoe
                                      11:12
                                      Florida and War Fever
                                      12:04
                                      War Hawks
                                      13:58
                                      Henry Clay of Kentucky
                                      14:10
                                      John C. Calhoun of SC
                                      14:13
                                      Causes of War and Divisions
                                      14:50
                                      Naval Blockade
                                      15:44
                                      A Divided Nation
                                      16:53
                                      Anti-War Groups
                                      17:36
                                      The War of 1812
                                      18:53
                                      Land Campaign
                                      20:11
                                      Invaded Canada through Detroit
                                      20:25
                                      General Hull
                                      20:37
                                      The War of 1812: “Mr. Madison's War”
                                      21:05
                                      Map of the War
                                      24:16
                                      The White House Burns in 1814
                                      27:05
                                      The Revolt of New England
                                      28:04
                                      Daniel Webster
                                      28:36
                                      Talk of Secession
                                      29:20
                                      Hartford Convention
                                      29:35
                                      The Effects of the War of 1812
                                      31:07
                                      Respect Canada as a Neighbor
                                      31:42
                                      Debate over Missouri Territory
                                      32:01
                                      Rise of Sectionalism
                                      32:20
                                      Territorial Expansion for Anglo-Americans
                                      33:21
                                      The Treaty of Ghent
                                      33:56
                                      The Rush-Bagot Agreement of 1817
                                      34:54
                                      Example 1
                                      35:12
                                      Example 2
                                      37:59
                                      Example 3
                                      42:15
                                      Period IV: The Growing Economy, The American System and The 'Era of Good Feelings'

                                      35m 25s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:08
                                      The Growing Economy
                                      2:32
                                      Manufacturing Increased
                                      2:39
                                      The Bank of the U.S.
                                      2:59
                                      Building of a National Network of Roads and Waterways
                                      3:24
                                      Tariff of 1816
                                      4:04
                                      Transportation System Improvements
                                      6:01
                                      Potomac River to the Ohio River
                                      6:09
                                      President Madison
                                      7:54
                                      Conestoga Wagon
                                      8:25
                                      Henry Clay's American System
                                      8:35
                                      Protective Tariffs
                                      8:43
                                      National Bank
                                      8:52
                                      Internal Improvements
                                      8:55
                                      The Panic of 1819
                                      9:56
                                      The First Major Financial Panic
                                      10:26
                                      Tight Credit Policy
                                      10:37
                                      Debt Increased Sharply
                                      10:53
                                      Westward Expansion
                                      11:14
                                      The Population Doubled
                                      11:30
                                      The Factor System
                                      12:08
                                      The Plantation System in the Southwest
                                      13:17
                                      Black Belt
                                      14:15
                                      Cotton Plantations and Slavery
                                      14:31
                                      Four States Admitted to the Union
                                      15:25
                                      Trade and Trapping in the Far West
                                      15:45
                                      Mexico Gained Independence
                                      16:08
                                      U.S. Traders
                                      16:39
                                      Jedediah Smith
                                      17:37
                                      Exploration of the West
                                      18:03
                                      Plattee
                                      18:36
                                      The Great American Desert
                                      18:56
                                      James Monroe
                                      19:13
                                      Virginia Dynasty
                                      19:22
                                      John Quincy Adams
                                      20:25
                                      John C. Calhoun
                                      20:32
                                      John Quincy Adams and Florida
                                      21:04
                                      A Committed Nationalist
                                      21:16
                                      Negotiations with Spain
                                      21:25
                                      Andrew Jackson
                                      21:41
                                      Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819
                                      22:52
                                      Adams-Onis Treaty
                                      24:02
                                      Sectional Conflicts
                                      24:57
                                      The Extension of Slavery
                                      25:06
                                      The Tallmadge Amendment
                                      26:32
                                      Missouri Compromise
                                      27:14
                                      A Free State
                                      27:21
                                      A Slave State
                                      28:11
                                      MO Compromise
                                      28:29
                                      Example 1
                                      30:16
                                      Example 2
                                      31:53
                                      John Marshall, the Federalist Legacy and James Monroe's Foreign Policy

                                      35m 22s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:09
                                      John Marshall and the Federalist Legacy
                                      1:10
                                      Judicial Authority, the Supremacy of Laws and Traditional Property Rights
                                      1:51
                                      The Interests of Propertied and Commercial Classes
                                      2:25
                                      Long Term Mark on the Court
                                      3:02
                                      Fletcher v. Peck in 1810
                                      3:30
                                      Land Frauds
                                      3:42
                                      Contract Clause
                                      5:42
                                      Property Rights
                                      7:00
                                      Dartmouth College v. Woodward in 1819
                                      7:40
                                      College's Charter
                                      8:04
                                      Expanded the Meaning of Contract Clause
                                      8:27
                                      The Corporate Charter
                                      8:48
                                      McCulloch v. Maryland in 1819
                                      9:20
                                      Constitutionality of the Bank of the United States
                                      11:16
                                      Implied Powers
                                      11:34
                                      Power to Destroy
                                      12:05
                                      Gibbons v. Ogden in 1824
                                      12:23
                                      A State Grant
                                      14:29
                                      Interstate Commerce
                                      14:38
                                      Johnson v. McIntosh in 1823
                                      15:01
                                      Sold Land to White Settlers
                                      16:19
                                      Take Land from Tribes
                                      16:44
                                      Worcester v. Georgia in 1823
                                      17:49
                                      Establish Native American Sovereignty
                                      18:51
                                      Marshall Affirmed the Rights of Tribes
                                      19:32
                                      Foreign Policy Under Monroe
                                      20:39
                                      U.S.-Latin American Trade Relations
                                      22:46
                                      Neutrality
                                      23:40
                                      Establish Diplomatic Relations
                                      25:08
                                      Monroe Doctrine in 1823
                                      25:53
                                      “Backyard” of the U.S.
                                      27:05
                                      Nationalistic Policy
                                      28:26
                                      Secretary o State John Q. Adams
                                      28:40
                                      Example 1
                                      30:00
                                      Example 2
                                      32:43
                                      John Quincy Adams, Growing Sectional Tension, and the Capitalist Commonwealth

                                      47m 41s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:08
                                      The Election of 1824
                                      1:17
                                      State Legislatures
                                      1:52
                                      William H. Crawford
                                      3:08
                                      The Demise of the Caucus System
                                      3:49
                                      House of Representatives
                                      4:43
                                      Henry Clay as Secretary of State
                                      6:14
                                      Corrupt Bargain
                                      6:30
                                      John Quincy Faces Obstacles
                                      7:05
                                      Partisan Tensions Emerged
                                      7:16
                                      International Issues
                                      7:33
                                      Conflict with Georgia
                                      8:36
                                      The Controversial Tariff of 1828
                                      9:29
                                      Tariff on Imported Goods
                                      9:32
                                      Tariff of Abominations
                                      10:01
                                      A Huge Backlash in New England
                                      10:37
                                      Capitalism and the Commonwealth
                                      10:55
                                      Common-wealth
                                      11:42
                                      Abrupt Drop in Worldwide Prices
                                      12:50
                                      Business Cycle
                                      13:23
                                      Transportation Improvements
                                      13:58
                                      The Sale of Privately Owned Land
                                      14:43
                                      Marshall Court
                                      15:37
                                      First Railroad Lines
                                      15:48
                                      Transportation Innovations
                                      16:24
                                      Trade Ventures
                                      16:30
                                      Shipping Industry
                                      16:37
                                      James Watt
                                      16:42
                                      Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston
                                      16:51
                                      Turnpikes
                                      17:13
                                      Erie Canal Project
                                      17:17
                                      George Harvey's “Pittsford on the Erie Canal” in 1837
                                      18:37
                                      Erie Canal
                                      18:53
                                      Growth of U.S. Industry
                                      20:14
                                      Factory System
                                      20:27
                                      Eli Whitney
                                      22:35
                                      Changes in Corporate Law
                                      24:08
                                      Trade/Craft Unions
                                      25:00
                                      Commonwealth v. Hunt in 1842
                                      26:32
                                      Peaceful Unions
                                      26:59
                                      Labor Contracts
                                      27:08
                                      Cities Continue to Grow
                                      28:09
                                      Northerners
                                      29:00
                                      Agriculture and the Rise in Immigrants
                                      29:13
                                      Peculiar Institution
                                      30:01
                                      Effects of the Market Revolution
                                      31:31
                                      Isolated Lives
                                      32:29
                                      Women's Rights
                                      32:40
                                      Less Arranged Marriages
                                      33:17
                                      The Growth of the Cotton Industry
                                      34:07
                                      Example 1
                                      34:18
                                      Example 2
                                      36:55
                                      Example 3
                                      39:18
                                      Republicanism, The Second Great Awakening and Antebellum Reform Movements

                                      40m 4s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:51
                                      A Democratic Republican Culture
                                      1:54
                                      Republican Marriages
                                      2:44
                                      Republican Motherhood
                                      4:56
                                      Raising Republican Children
                                      7:10
                                      Promoting Cultural Independence
                                      8:32
                                      Aristocratic Republicanism and Slavery
                                      9:55
                                      Necessary Evil
                                      11:32
                                      Wages-Slaves
                                      11:50
                                      Gabriel Prosser
                                      12:35
                                      Outlawed Slave Trade
                                      13:47
                                      Voting Rights Expand
                                      14:05
                                      The Antislavery Movement Early 1800s
                                      15:06
                                      Black Abolitionists
                                      15:24
                                      Haitian Revolution
                                      15:42
                                      The American Colonization Society
                                      17:43
                                      Liberia
                                      18:19
                                      Richard Allen
                                      20:04
                                      The Second Great Awakening
                                      21:33
                                      Huge Evangelized Hubs
                                      22:27
                                      Evangelic Methodist and Baptist Churches
                                      23:09
                                      Timothy Dwight and Charles Finney
                                      23:33
                                      Revival Meetings Could Last Up to a Week
                                      23:53
                                      Effects of the Second Great Awakening
                                      26:01
                                      A Fervently Protestant People
                                      26:30
                                      Academies
                                      27:56
                                      Women's Rights and Temperance Movements
                                      28:22
                                      Revivalism
                                      29:20
                                      Camp Meeting
                                      29:27
                                      Rationalism/Enlightenment (Deism)
                                      29:45
                                      Charles Grandison Finney
                                      30:53
                                      Finney and Revival
                                      31:32
                                      Other Religious Groups Arise
                                      31:51
                                      The Shakers
                                      32:15
                                      The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing
                                      33:10
                                      Utopian Society
                                      34:22
                                      The Shakers
                                      35:27
                                      Example 1
                                      36:17
                                      Example 2
                                      38:43
                                      Utopian Communal Societies, the Temperance Movement, and Nativism

                                      47m 18s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:10
                                      Rural Communalism and Utopian Societies
                                      2:24
                                      Fourierism
                                      4:06
                                      Utopian Socialism
                                      5:05
                                      Members of Phalanxes
                                      5:37
                                      100 Cooperative Communities
                                      5:42
                                      Other Communal Experiments
                                      6:26
                                      The Amana Colonies in Iowa
                                      6:29
                                      New Harmony
                                      6:53
                                      Utopian Socialist Community
                                      7:10
                                      Major Communal Experiment Before 1860
                                      8:39
                                      The Oneida Community
                                      10:11
                                      John Humphrey Noyes
                                      10:18
                                      Complex Marriage
                                      10:22
                                      Female Followers
                                      11:38
                                      Silverware Production
                                      13:17
                                      The Mormons, 1830
                                      14:01
                                      The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
                                      14:11
                                      Joseph Smith
                                      14:14
                                      Brigham Young
                                      16:23
                                      The Mormon Trail
                                      16:45
                                      Immigration and Cultural Conflict
                                      17:10
                                      Potato Famine
                                      19:27
                                      German/Irish
                                      20:15
                                      Cholera Epidemic
                                      21:26
                                      Immigrant Communities
                                      21:41
                                      The Surge in Immigration, 1854-1855
                                      22:14
                                      Backlash Against Immigrant Groups
                                      23:04
                                      Low Wages
                                      23:18
                                      Nativist groups
                                      26:11
                                      Immigrants were Scapegoats
                                      26:54
                                      Alcoholism
                                      27:02
                                      Samuel F.B. Morse
                                      28:00
                                      The Temperance Movement
                                      28:33
                                      Reform Movement Against Drunkenness
                                      29:07
                                      The American Society for the Promotion of Temperance
                                      30:56
                                      Temperance Legislation
                                      31:37
                                      The Drunkard's Progress
                                      32:27
                                      Carrie Nation, The Bar Room Smasher
                                      33:58
                                      Conservative Social Reform
                                      35:30
                                      Congregational and Presbyterian Ministers
                                      35:46
                                      Prison Discipline Society
                                      36:24
                                      Regular Habits
                                      36:32
                                      Sabbatarian Values
                                      37:10
                                      Example 1
                                      38:45
                                      Example 2
                                      41:20
                                      Example 3
                                      42:46
                                      Jacksonian Democracy

                                      40m 25s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:07
                                      The Rise of Popular Politics
                                      2:21
                                      Expansion of the Vote
                                      2:30
                                      Presidential Electors
                                      3:17
                                      No Franchise
                                      4:01
                                      The Political Machine
                                      4:38
                                      Martin Van Buren
                                      5:58
                                      Patronage
                                      6:30
                                      Spoils System
                                      6:46
                                      Jacksonians
                                      8:32
                                      Changing in Voting Patterns
                                      8:52
                                      Jackson Runs a Tough Campaign
                                      10:57
                                      Age of Jackson
                                      11:42
                                      Jackson's Inauguration
                                      13:23
                                      Reign of King Mob
                                      13:45
                                      Economic Equality
                                      14:41
                                      First Days in Office
                                      15:14
                                      Whigs
                                      15:54
                                      Against Jackson
                                      17:09
                                      Like a Monarch
                                      17:18
                                      Northern Whigs
                                      18:02
                                      Southern Whigs
                                      18:57
                                      President of the Common Man
                                      19:22
                                      Self-Made man from TN
                                      19:27
                                      Equal Protection and Equal Benefits
                                      19:31
                                      No Region
                                      19:58
                                      Permanent Office Holders
                                      21:07
                                      Frugal Jeffersonian
                                      21:43
                                      To the Victors Belong the Spoils
                                      21:48
                                      Spoils System
                                      21:50
                                      A Central, Corrupting Feature
                                      22:40
                                      To the Victors Belong the Spoils
                                      23:44
                                      Jackson's Political Rivals: Clay
                                      24:14
                                      Four Internal Improvement Bills
                                      24:44
                                      The Bank of the United States
                                      25:22
                                      Vetoing Numerous Bills
                                      25:40
                                      The Rise of Martin Van Buren and Jackson's Scandalous Cabinet
                                      26:05
                                      Kitchen Cabinet
                                      26:54
                                      Albany Regency
                                      27:18
                                      Senator Eaton
                                      27:28
                                      The Rats Leaving a Falling House
                                      28:50
                                      Calhoun and Nullification
                                      29:33
                                      John C. Calhoun of South Carolina
                                      29:40
                                      Nullification
                                      30:04
                                      Tariff of Abominations
                                      30:20
                                      Sectional Controversy
                                      31:15
                                      Nullification Crisis
                                      31:45
                                      Preserve Federal Union
                                      32:54
                                      A Force Bill
                                      33:45
                                      Compromise Reached
                                      34:09
                                      Henry Clay
                                      34:14
                                      Passed the Compromise and Force Bill
                                      34:33
                                      Nullification of the Tariffs
                                      34:40
                                      Example 1
                                      35:09
                                      Example 2
                                      37:54
                                      Four Internal Improvement Bills
                                      24:44
                                      The Bank of the United States
                                      25:22
                                      Vetoing Numerous Bills
                                      25:40
                                      The Rise of Martin Van Buren and Jackson's Scandalous Cabinet
                                      26:05
                                      Kitchen Cabinet
                                      26:54
                                      Albany Regency
                                      27:18
                                      Senator Eaton
                                      27:28
                                      The Rats Leaving a Falling House
                                      28:50
                                      Calhoun and Nullification
                                      29:33
                                      John C. Calhoun of South Carolina
                                      29:40
                                      Nullification
                                      30:04
                                      Tariff of Abominations
                                      30:20
                                      Sectional Controversy
                                      31:15
                                      Nullification Crisis
                                      31:45
                                      Preserve Federal Union
                                      32:54
                                      A Force Bill
                                      33:45
                                      Compromise Reached
                                      34:09
                                      Henry Clay
                                      34:14
                                      Passed the Compromise and Force Bill
                                      34:33
                                      Nullification of the Tariffs
                                      34:40
                                      Example 1
                                      35:09
                                      Example 2
                                      37:54
                                      Jackson, The Removal of Native Americans and The Bank Veto

                                      43m 48s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:08
                                      “King” Jackson and Native Americans
                                      2:01
                                      Vetoed 12 Bills
                                      2:45
                                      Abusing Power
                                      3:13
                                      Land-Hungry Citizens
                                      4:30
                                      “King Jackson”
                                      4:55
                                      Attitudes Toward Native Americans
                                      6:42
                                      White Expansion
                                      6:49
                                      Get Rid of Indian Landholdings
                                      7:26
                                      Indian Removal Act
                                      7:48
                                      The “Five Civilized Tribes”
                                      8:08
                                      Cherokees
                                      9:23
                                      Southern Indians
                                      10:11
                                      Tribal Map in Southeast
                                      10:37
                                      The Indian Removal Act, 1830
                                      11:00
                                      The Resettlement of Many Thousands of American Indians
                                      11:06
                                      Bureau of Indian Affairs
                                      11:28
                                      The Black Hawk War
                                      12:01
                                      Chief Black Hawk
                                      12:12
                                      Last Battle
                                      12:26
                                      70 Indian Nation to Sign Treaties
                                      13:02
                                      Portrait of Black Hawk by Charles Bird King
                                      13:26
                                      Worcester v. Georgia in 1832
                                      13:55
                                      Worcester
                                      15:27
                                      Native American Sovereignty
                                      15:54
                                      The Rights of Tries to Remain Free from the State Government
                                      16:11
                                      Jackson's Response
                                      16:54
                                      Let the Court Enforce It
                                      16:56
                                      Removal Continued
                                      17:26
                                      Johnson v. McIntosh in 1823
                                      17:32
                                      Illinois and Pinakeshaw
                                      17:50
                                      Buy Land from Tribes not from Individuals
                                      18:11
                                      Indian Removal
                                      18:33
                                      Trail of Tears
                                      20:07
                                      Trail of Tears, a 1200 Mile Journey
                                      20:44
                                      The Seminole War
                                      21:37
                                      The Seminoles of Florida
                                      21:55
                                      The Struggle Dragged on for Years
                                      22:18
                                      Uprising in 1835
                                      22:30
                                      Osceola
                                      23:24
                                      “The Indians and Negroes Massacre the Whites in Florida, in January 1836”
                                      23:30
                                      Result of Removal
                                      25:07
                                      Less Hospitable Lands of the Mississippi
                                      25:26
                                      Disease or Exhaustion
                                      26:37
                                      Alien Environment
                                      26:46
                                      Jackson's Bank Veto
                                      27:03
                                      Most Powerful Financial Institution in the Nation
                                      27:30
                                      Nicholas Biddle
                                      27:50
                                      The “Soft Money” Faction
                                      28:12
                                      The Hard money Position
                                      28:33
                                      Henry Clay
                                      29:56
                                      Private Monopoly
                                      30:19
                                      Jackson's Second Term
                                      31:13
                                      Destroy the “Monster” Bank
                                      31:26
                                      Attorney General Roger B. Taney
                                      31:56
                                      Raising Interest Rates and Calling in Loans
                                      32:10
                                      Chronically Unstable Banking System
                                      32:46
                                      Jackson Cartoon
                                      33:14
                                      Jackson's Species Circular
                                      35:52
                                      Inflated Prices for Land and Various Goods
                                      36:01
                                      Specie Circular
                                      36:12
                                      The Panic of 1837
                                      36:38
                                      Example 1
                                      37:41
                                      Example 2
                                      40:09
                                      Democrats, Whigs, and the Second Party System

                                      36m 37s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:06
                                      Taney Appointed to the Court
                                      1:32
                                      Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge
                                      2:19
                                      Promote General Happiness
                                      2:44
                                      Exercising a Monopoly
                                      3:18
                                      Expansion of Economic Opportunity
                                      3:35
                                      The Whigs Respond to the Democrats
                                      4:03
                                      Second Party System
                                      5:14
                                      Laissez-Faire Capitalism
                                      5:53
                                      Irish and German Catholics
                                      6:35
                                      Whig Ideology
                                      6:52
                                      Expanding the Power of the Federal Government
                                      6:53
                                      Supporters of Legislation
                                      7:37
                                      Anti-Mason Movement
                                      8:10
                                      The “Great Triumvirate”
                                      8:20
                                      Henry Clay
                                      8:40
                                      Daniel Webster
                                      8:53
                                      John Calhoun
                                      9:01
                                      Election of 1836
                                      9:28
                                      Van Buren
                                      9:34
                                      Nominating Four Candidates From Different Regions
                                      10:14
                                      An Affecting Scene in Kentucky
                                      10:35
                                      1836 Election Cartoon
                                      12:48
                                      Divided Leadership Affects 1836 Election
                                      14:51
                                      Martin Van Buren and Democrats
                                      14:58
                                      Individual Rights
                                      15:05
                                      The Failed Plan
                                      15:22
                                      The Panic of 1837
                                      15:49
                                      Distribution Act
                                      16:45
                                      Land Speculative Fever Resulted
                                      16:54
                                      Independent Treasury System
                                      17:56
                                      Image of the Panic of 1837
                                      18:50
                                      Depression of 1837
                                      21:25
                                      The Ideology of Artisan Republicanism
                                      21:41
                                      Unions to Bargain for Higher Wages
                                      22:06
                                      Closed Shops Agreements
                                      22:23
                                      Effects of the Depression
                                      23:09
                                      Prohibited “Conspiracies” in Restraint of Trade
                                      23:12
                                      The Democratic Party
                                      24:22
                                      Commonwealth v. Hunt in 1842
                                      24:35
                                      Peaceful Unions
                                      24:50
                                      Upheld the Rights of Workers
                                      25:06
                                      Ten-Hour Day for Federal Employees
                                      25:30
                                      Log Cabin Campaign of 1840
                                      25:50
                                      Penny Press
                                      26:50
                                      The Party of the Common People
                                      27:30
                                      William Henry Harrison
                                      27:47
                                      Log Cabin Campaign
                                      28:02
                                      Harrison Wins
                                      28:24
                                      234 V.S. 60 Electoral Votes
                                      28:40
                                      Re-Charter bank
                                      29:19
                                      Preemption Act of 1841
                                      29:32
                                      Foreign Policy Highlights
                                      30:09
                                      Caroline
                                      30:23
                                      Aroostook war
                                      30:41
                                      Creole
                                      30:55
                                      Webster-Ashburton Treaty
                                      31:32
                                      Extraterritoriality
                                      31:53
                                      Example 1
                                      33:05
                                      Example 2
                                      35:36
                                      Transcendentalists and the American Renaissance

                                      37m 43s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:06
                                      Individualism
                                      0:54
                                      Alexis de Tocqueville
                                      1:14
                                      Individualism
                                      1:48
                                      Transcendentalism
                                      3:12
                                      Intellectual Movement
                                      3:19
                                      Individuality Self-Reliance and Nonconformity
                                      3:48
                                      Instincts and Emotion
                                      4:32
                                      Transcendentalists
                                      4:55
                                      Understanding
                                      5:05
                                      Transcend the Limits of the Intellect
                                      5:22
                                      Concord, MA
                                      5:55
                                      Images of Transcendentalists
                                      6:07
                                      Ralph Waldo Emerson
                                      7:11
                                      Leading Spokesman of this Movement
                                      7:35
                                      The American Scholar
                                      8:31
                                      Outpouring of First Class novel, Poetry and Essays
                                      9:18
                                      Original Relation with Nature
                                      10:39
                                      Ordinary Middle-Class Americans
                                      10:56
                                      New Industrial Society
                                      11:35
                                      Henry David Thoreau
                                      12:04
                                      Lives of Quiet Desperation
                                      12:16
                                      Self-Realization
                                      12:34
                                      Walden and Life in the Woods
                                      13:10
                                      Resistance to Civil Government
                                      13:36
                                      The Defense of Nature
                                      16:34
                                      The Rapid Economic Development
                                      17:00
                                      Inspiration and Spirituality
                                      17:17
                                      Gender Roles Redefined
                                      17:49
                                      Woman in the Nineteenth Century
                                      17:59
                                      Mystical Relationship with God
                                      18:53
                                      The Questioning of Gender Roles
                                      19:23
                                      Emergence of a Broad Array of Movement
                                      19:49
                                      Romanticism
                                      19:57
                                      Order and Control
                                      20:33
                                      Slavery Overshadowed
                                      21:25
                                      Romanticism and Nationalism
                                      21:49
                                      The Need to Improve the American Culture
                                      21:55
                                      Romanticism for Inspiration
                                      22:05
                                      Literature and the Quest for Liberation
                                      22:19
                                      Washington Irving's James Fenimore Cooper
                                      22:59
                                      Walt Whitman
                                      23:43
                                      Democracy, The liberation of the Individual and the Pleasures of the Flesh
                                      24:04
                                      Herman Melville
                                      24:28
                                      Strength of Individual Will
                                      24:47
                                      Edgar Allen Poe
                                      25:09
                                      BrookFarm: A Utopian Experiment
                                      25:33
                                      Nathaniel Hawthorne
                                      25:35
                                      Brook Farm
                                      25:56
                                      Form of Socialism
                                      26:13
                                      All Share in the Leisure
                                      26:36
                                      Southern Literature
                                      27:40
                                      Historical Romances of the Plantation System
                                      27:50
                                      William Gilmore Simms
                                      28:13
                                      The Lives of Ordinary People and Poor Whites
                                      28:49
                                      Mark Twain
                                      29:09
                                      American Landscape Painting
                                      29:15
                                      Hudson River School
                                      29:25
                                      Nature is the Source of Wisdom
                                      29:50
                                      Albert Bierstadt and Thomas Moran
                                      30:45
                                      Examples of Landscape Painting
                                      30:53
                                      Example 1
                                      31:45
                                      Example 2
                                      34:08
                                      Abolitionism

                                      46m 20s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:05
                                      Free Blacks Urge Others to “Elevate”
                                      1:17
                                      Social Uplift
                                      1:19
                                      Whites Led Mob Attack Against Blacks
                                      3:25
                                      Moderates and Extremists
                                      3:48
                                      The Antislavery Movement
                                      4:04
                                      American Colonization Society
                                      4:15
                                      Gradual Manumission of Slaves
                                      4:48
                                      Decline of Antislavery Movement
                                      5:30
                                      Abolitionists
                                      5:36
                                      Free African Americans
                                      6:21
                                      Threat of Being Kidnapped
                                      7:10
                                      Liberator
                                      8:07
                                      Moderate and Extreme Approaches
                                      8:20
                                      Advocating for Moderate Approach
                                      8:29
                                      Radical Abolitionists
                                      8:56
                                      Evangelical Christians
                                      10:32
                                      William Lloyd Garrison
                                      11:01
                                      Newspaper: Liberator
                                      11:08
                                      Reject Gradualism
                                      12:42
                                      New England Antislavery Society
                                      13:04
                                      David Walker
                                      13:36
                                      Walker's Appeal to the Colored Citizens
                                      14:01
                                      National Convention in Philly
                                      15:10
                                      Collective Equality for All Blacks
                                      15:40
                                      Nat Turner
                                      16:06
                                      Bloody Revolt in Southampton Country, Virginia
                                      16:55
                                      Turner's Men
                                      17:40
                                      The Virginia Legislature
                                      19:30
                                      Southern States Toughened their Slave Codes
                                      20:00
                                      The Underground Railroad
                                      20:21
                                      Frederick Douglass
                                      23:10
                                      Most Powerful Abolitionists and Orators
                                      23:13
                                      North Star in Rochester, NY
                                      23:35
                                      Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
                                      24:35
                                      Friend with Garrison
                                      25:34
                                      Douglass and the North Star
                                      27:01
                                      Other Evangelical Abolitionists
                                      27:11
                                      Theodore Dwight Weld
                                      27:18
                                      Angelina and Sarah Grimke
                                      27:39
                                      American Anti-Slavery Society
                                      29:31
                                      Sojourner Truth
                                      29:56
                                      Anti-Abolitionism
                                      32:12
                                      Backlash Against Abolitionist Movement
                                      32:14
                                      Prudence Crandall
                                      32:56
                                      Abolitionist Headquarters
                                      33:27
                                      Amistad
                                      33:35
                                      The Spanish Slave Vessel Amistad
                                      33:39
                                      Prigg v. PA
                                      34:18
                                      Federal Fugitive Slave Laws
                                      34:47
                                      Abolitionists and Politics
                                      35:04
                                      Ban Interstate Slave Trade and Abolish Slavery
                                      35:10
                                      Restrict the Use of Mail
                                      35:28
                                      The Liberty Party
                                      35:55
                                      James G. Birney
                                      36:11
                                      Free Soil
                                      36:21
                                      Women's Rights
                                      37:38
                                      Example 1
                                      38:09
                                      Example 2
                                      40:46
                                      Example 3
                                      43:09
                                      Women's Rights Movement and Antebellum Reform

                                      46m 20s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:07
                                      Education Reforms
                                      1:05
                                      Horace Mann
                                      1:56
                                      Reorganized the School System
                                      2:25
                                      Literacy Rate
                                      2:54
                                      Experimental Schools
                                      5:17
                                      Self-Realization
                                      5:23
                                      Perkins School
                                      5:44
                                      Social Value and Democratize the U.S.
                                      6:03
                                      Rehabilitation
                                      6:19
                                      The Asylum Movement
                                      6:34
                                      Dorothea Dix
                                      6:45
                                      The Rise of Feminism
                                      8:09
                                      Sarah and Angelina Grimke
                                      9:11
                                      Other Reformers
                                      9:37
                                      Married Women's Property Acts
                                      10:09
                                      Seneca Falls
                                      10:40
                                      Society of Friends
                                      10:44
                                      Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
                                      11:39
                                      The Women's Right
                                      13:11
                                      Declaration of Sentiments
                                      13:38
                                      Quakers Influence Feminist Movement
                                      14:36
                                      Sexual Equality
                                      14:47
                                      Stanton Were Quakers
                                      15:25
                                      Lucy Stone
                                      16:26
                                      Emma Willard
                                      17:08
                                      Catherine Beecher
                                      17:21
                                      Feminist Style of Clothing
                                      17:39
                                      Bloomer
                                      17:42
                                      Amelia Bloomer
                                      17:54
                                      Example 1
                                      18:54
                                      Example 2
                                      21:08
                                      Example 3
                                      23:30
                                      Section 5: Period 5: 1844-1877
                                      Manifest Destiny, Westward Expansion, And Increased Sectionalism

                                      43m 51s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:08
                                      Westward Expansion
                                      3:17
                                      Manifest Destiny
                                      5:25
                                      Penny Press
                                      7:10
                                      Empire of Liberty
                                      7:50
                                      John Gast's American Progress
                                      8:05
                                      Americans in Texas
                                      10:03
                                      Interested in Texas
                                      10:14
                                      American Immigration Into Texas
                                      12:02
                                      Stephen Austin
                                      12:47
                                      Revolt Broke Out
                                      13:20
                                      Stephen Austin: “The father of Texas” and Sam Houston, the First President of the Republic of Texas
                                      13:36
                                      Tensions between U.S. and Mexico
                                      14:02
                                      Legalize Slavery
                                      14:10
                                      Instability in Mexico
                                      15:33
                                      Independence of Texas
                                      16:07
                                      Battle of San Jacinto
                                      16:20
                                      U.S. Settlements and The Texas War of Independence
                                      17:09
                                      U.S. Annexation of Texas
                                      17:09
                                      Southern Democrats
                                      17:38
                                      Election of 1844
                                      17:47
                                      President martin Van Buren Refused
                                      18:30
                                      Main Battles in the Texas War of Independence
                                      18:55
                                      Oregon
                                      19:51
                                      U.S. and British Sovereignty
                                      19:58
                                      The Catholic Missionaries From Canada
                                      20:30
                                      Oregon Fever
                                      20:55
                                      A Measles Epidemic
                                      21:32
                                      Huge Westward Migration and Trails
                                      21:50
                                      Great Overland Trails
                                      22:13
                                      Gender Lines
                                      23:26
                                      Expansion Issue Politicized
                                      23:37
                                      The Election of 1844
                                      23:39
                                      President Tyler
                                      23:48
                                      James Polk
                                      24:27
                                      Fifty Four Forty or Fight
                                      24:38
                                      Compromise over Oregon And The Southwest
                                      25:26
                                      Border 49th Parallel
                                      25:30
                                      The Northern Border of Oregon
                                      25:50
                                      Zachary Taylor
                                      26:13
                                      The Mexican American War
                                      26:30
                                      Map of the U.S.-Mexican War
                                      26:43
                                      U.S.-Mexican War
                                      28:30
                                      John Slidell
                                      28:34
                                      Whig Critics
                                      28:54
                                      Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
                                      29:19
                                      Mexican Cession
                                      29:42
                                      Polk Supports Extending the Missouri Compromise Line
                                      30:43
                                      Banning Slavery North of the Line and Permitting it South of the Line
                                      31:19
                                      Popular Sovereignty
                                      31:31
                                      The Sectional Debate Heats Up
                                      31:41
                                      Polk's Expansionist Agenda
                                      32:05
                                      The Wilmot Proviso
                                      32:44
                                      A Threat to Republican Liberties and White Yeoman Farming
                                      33:38
                                      Dissent and Divergence
                                      34:08
                                      Dissenter of the U.S.-Mexican War
                                      34:27
                                      Frederick Douglass
                                      35:46
                                      Diverging Views of Douglass and Garrison
                                      36:46
                                      Example 1
                                      37:32
                                      Example 2
                                      40:54
                                      Example 3
                                      41:50
                                      The Expansion of Slavery and Resistance to its Expansion

                                      1h 5m

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:09
                                      Election of 1848
                                      1:10
                                      Free-Soil Party
                                      2:04
                                      Taylor Won
                                      2:38
                                      Antislavery Democrats: “ Barnburners”
                                      2:54
                                      The California Gold Rush
                                      4:26
                                      Increased in Non-Native American Population
                                      5:39
                                      Forty-Niners
                                      5:56
                                      Chinese Migrants
                                      6:38
                                      The California Gold Rush Images and Map
                                      7:27
                                      California and Gold Rush Map
                                      9:41
                                      Effects of the Gold Rush
                                      10:34
                                      A Labor Shortage
                                      10:36
                                      Indian Hunters
                                      11:17
                                      Heterogeneous Population
                                      11:50
                                      Rising Sectional Differences
                                      12:05
                                      The Balance of Slave and Free States
                                      12:12
                                      Personal Liberty Laws and Fugitive Slave Laws
                                      12:34
                                      A Series of Compromises
                                      13:14
                                      Compromise of 1850
                                      13:30
                                      Fillmore
                                      14:48
                                      California Join the Union as a Free State
                                      14:55
                                      Fugitive Slave Law
                                      15:17
                                      Temporarily Preserved the Union
                                      16:37
                                      Map of the Compromise of 1850
                                      16:43
                                      Crisis of the 1850s
                                      17:39
                                      Franklin Pierce
                                      17:45
                                      Young America
                                      19:59
                                      The Ostend Manifesto
                                      19:24
                                      Railroads, Slavery, and Sectionalism
                                      20:02
                                      Westward Expansion
                                      20:11
                                      Better Communication
                                      20:28
                                      Gadsen Purchase
                                      20:50
                                      Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
                                      21:45
                                      Popular Sovereignty
                                      22:03
                                      Missouri Compromise was Repealed
                                      23:01
                                      A Scramble of Pro- and Anti-slavery Settlers
                                      23:42
                                      Republican Party
                                      24:05
                                      Anti-Nebraska Dems
                                      24:25
                                      Map of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
                                      24:48
                                      Bleeding Kansas
                                      25:39
                                      Pro-Slavery Forces
                                      26:23
                                      Free-Staters
                                      26:29
                                      President Pierce
                                      26:51
                                      John Brown
                                      28:16
                                      Pottawatomie Massacre
                                      28:42
                                      Tragic Prelude
                                      29:04
                                      Charles Summer's “The Crime Against Kansas”
                                      30:46
                                      Free-Soil Ideology
                                      32:40
                                      Northern Whites Believed that Slavery was Dangerous
                                      32:52
                                      Antithesis of Democracy
                                      33:57
                                      The Free Soil Party
                                      34:34
                                      A Critical View: “The Hurly-Burly Pot”
                                      34:55
                                      The Pro-Slavery Argument
                                      37:52
                                      Uncle Tom's Cabin
                                      37:58
                                      The Pro-Slavery Argument
                                      38:37
                                      Superior Southern Way of life
                                      39:03
                                      “Cotton is King”
                                      39:19
                                      Election of 1856
                                      39:51
                                      John Fremont
                                      40:13
                                      Increasing the Support of the Republican Party
                                      41:17
                                      Sectionalism of the Realigned Political Parties
                                      42:14
                                      A Surge in Nativism
                                      42:26
                                      Nativism
                                      43:13
                                      The American Party
                                      44:11
                                      Know-Nothing Party
                                      44:20
                                      The Dred Scott Decision
                                      44:16
                                      An Army Surgeon
                                      45:04
                                      Circuit Court
                                      45:26
                                      John Sanford
                                      45:29
                                      Chief Justice Taney's Stance
                                      46:28
                                      No Claim to Citizenship
                                      46:35
                                      The MO Compromise
                                      47:33
                                      Great Controversy
                                      47:48
                                      Deadlock Over Kansas
                                      48:11
                                      Buchanan Timidly Endorsed the Dred Scott Case
                                      48:18
                                      Lecompton Constitution
                                      48:28
                                      Buchanan Pressured Congress
                                      48:55
                                      KS as a Free State
                                      49:18
                                      Significant Congressional Election of 1858
                                      49:28
                                      Sectional Crisis
                                      49:36
                                      Lincoln-Douglas
                                      50:30
                                      House Divided
                                      51:38
                                      The Spread of Free Labor
                                      53:03
                                      The Rise of Lincoln
                                      53:18
                                      Freeport Doctrine
                                      53:36
                                      A National Following
                                      54:47
                                      Lost the Majority of Democrats of the House
                                      55:10
                                      Lincoln and Douglas
                                      55:21
                                      John Brown's Raid
                                      55:34
                                      John Brown's Statement
                                      56:08
                                      Seized a Mountain Fortress
                                      56:50
                                      Brown Surrendered
                                      57:07
                                      Example 1
                                      57:40
                                      Example 2
                                      1:00:29
                                      Example 3
                                      1:02:25
                                      The Civil War, Part 1

                                      44m

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:05
                                      The Election of 1860
                                      1:53
                                      Divided Democrats
                                      2:45
                                      A Free-Soil Platform
                                      2:56
                                      Momentous Consequences
                                      3:58
                                      Storming the Castle
                                      4:26
                                      The National Game, Three “Outs” and One “Run”
                                      7:12
                                      The Election of 1860 Voting Results
                                      7:53
                                      The Appeal of Abraham Lincoln
                                      8:52
                                      Reputation for Eloquence
                                      9:02
                                      Signal to White Southerners
                                      9:36
                                      Secession and the Fire-eaters
                                      9:44
                                      South Carolina Convention
                                      9:48
                                      Confederate States of America
                                      10:18
                                      Jefferson Davis
                                      10:27
                                      Buchanan's Response and the Crittenden Plan
                                      10:39
                                      Fort Sumter
                                      11:30
                                      The Crittenden Compromise
                                      11:53
                                      Constitutional Amendment
                                      12:10
                                      Extension of Missouri Compromise Line
                                      12:25
                                      Lincoln Inaugurated and In Command
                                      12:49
                                      Refuse the Extension of Missouri Compromise Line
                                      13:05
                                      Union Constituted Insurrection
                                      13:49
                                      The Upper South Chooses Sides
                                      14:01
                                      State Militiamen
                                      14:14
                                      Border States
                                      14:50
                                      Setting Wars Objectives and Strategies
                                      15:41
                                      Defense of Confederacy
                                      15:45
                                      Unconditional Surrender
                                      16:09
                                      George B. McClellan
                                      16:50
                                      Battle Of Shiloh
                                      17:20
                                      The Anaconda Plan
                                      17:43
                                      Blockading the Gulf of Mexico
                                      18:40
                                      Starve the South into Submission
                                      18:48
                                      Seizing the Mississippi River
                                      19:07
                                      The Defensive Strategy of the Confederacy
                                      20:06
                                      Strategy of the South
                                      20:13
                                      General Robert E. Lee
                                      20:21
                                      Problems with Military Generals for the Union
                                      20:28
                                      Confederate Army under “Stonewall” Jackson
                                      21:12
                                      Battle at Antietam Creek
                                      21:50
                                      Joseph Fighting Joe Hooker
                                      22:57
                                      Both Sides Forced Into “Total War”
                                      23:11
                                      The First Legally Binding Draft
                                      24:03
                                      Rich Man's War and a Poor Man's Fight
                                      24:45
                                      Unenforceable Southerners
                                      25:02
                                      The Union and Total War
                                      25:15
                                      The Union's Militia Act of 1862
                                      25:20
                                      German and Irish Immigrants
                                      26:10
                                      15000 Confederate Sympathizers
                                      27:05
                                      Draft Riots of 1863
                                      28:06
                                      Aftermath of Draft Riots
                                      29:16
                                      Riots in New York City
                                      29:52
                                      A Plea for Churches
                                      29:55
                                      Financial Relief
                                      29:58
                                      Medical Services During the War
                                      30:42
                                      The Union Army Medical Bureau
                                      31:27
                                      U.S. Sanitary Commission
                                      31:36
                                      Dorothea Dix
                                      32:06
                                      Women Participated in Military Duties
                                      33:00
                                      Women and the Civil War
                                      33:15
                                      Mobilizing Resources
                                      34:00
                                      Mass Production
                                      34:11
                                      King Cotton
                                      34:55
                                      Rebel Government as a Belligerent Power
                                      35:05
                                      Federal Subsidies for Railroads
                                      35:48
                                      The Homestead Act
                                      36:10
                                      Economic Differences
                                      36:59
                                      Less Coherent Economic Policy
                                      37:03
                                      Legal Tender Act of 1862
                                      37:41
                                      Inflation Increased
                                      38:03
                                      Example 1
                                      38:32
                                      Example 2
                                      40:03
                                      Example 3
                                      42:15
                                      The Civil War, Part 2

                                      43m 47s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:05
                                      The Road to Emancipation
                                      1:50
                                      Struggle Against Slavery
                                      2:44
                                      Contrabands
                                      3:35
                                      First Confiscation Act in 1861
                                      4:28
                                      Wilmot Proviso
                                      5:17
                                      Wilmot Proviso Map
                                      5:30
                                      Contrabands
                                      5:49
                                      Union Lines
                                      5:52
                                      Slavery Began to Disintegrate
                                      6:03
                                      Lincoln Plans to Emancipate
                                      6:34
                                      Second Confiscation
                                      6:38
                                      Initial Draft of Emancipation
                                      7:10
                                      Emancipation Proclamation
                                      8:12
                                      Urged Slaves to Abstain from all Violence
                                      10:13
                                      Freedom to Slaves!
                                      10:25
                                      Abe Lincoln's Last Card Or Rouge-et-Noir
                                      12:31
                                      Vicksburg and Gettysburg
                                      14:09
                                      Vicksburg
                                      14:46
                                      The Battle at Gettysburg
                                      15:30
                                      Davis Supporters
                                      16:39
                                      Gettysburg Address
                                      17:09
                                      Dedication of the Cemetery for the Union War Dead
                                      17:40
                                      New Birth of Freedom
                                      17:48
                                      A War for Union and Freedom
                                      17:59
                                      The Turning Point
                                      20:35
                                      Own Regiments
                                      20:48
                                      The Emancipation Proclamation
                                      21:01
                                      White Resistance to Conscription
                                      21:22
                                      Segregated Military
                                      21:53
                                      Ulysses S. Grant Charge
                                      22:04
                                      Ulysses S. Grant
                                      22:15
                                      Fight a Modern War
                                      23:00
                                      Union and Confederate Soldiers
                                      23:33
                                      Barren Waste
                                      23:52
                                      General Philip H Sheridan
                                      23:57
                                      The Definition of Conventional Warfare
                                      24:08
                                      African American Man Picks Up Skeletons
                                      24:52
                                      The Elections of 1864
                                      25:29
                                      Constitutional Amendment to Abolish Slavery
                                      25:37
                                      National Union Party
                                      25:45
                                      Map of the Election of 1864
                                      26:45
                                      Post-Election
                                      27:18
                                      Potential Invalidity of Emancipation Proclamation
                                      27:30
                                      Legality of Abolishing Slavery
                                      27:53
                                      Sherman's March
                                      28:10
                                      Accelerated the Pace of Emancipation
                                      28:23
                                      The 13th Amendment
                                      28:33
                                      General William Tecumseh Sherman
                                      29:00
                                      Sherman's March Map
                                      29:12
                                      The Aftermath of Sherman's March
                                      30:17
                                      Destruction brought by Sherman
                                      30:20
                                      Wreak Vengeance
                                      30:45
                                      A Manpower Shortage
                                      30:58
                                      Lee's Surrender at Appomattox Court House
                                      31:11
                                      Appomattox Court House
                                      31:32
                                      Cost of Victory
                                      31:48
                                      The Conquest of the South, 1861-1865
                                      32:35
                                      Casualties and Loss
                                      33:10
                                      The Lost of the South
                                      33:32
                                      Destroyed Cities
                                      33:46
                                      The Thirteenth Amendment Passed
                                      34:14
                                      Jurisdiction
                                      35:07
                                      Abolish Slavery
                                      35:12
                                      Example 1
                                      36:19
                                      Example 2
                                      38:36
                                      Example 3
                                      41:33
                                      Section 6: Period 6: 1865-1898
                                      Reconstruction, Part 1

                                      49m 57s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:06
                                      Reconstruction
                                      1:32
                                      Readmitting the Southern States
                                      2:15
                                      Bind Up the Nation's Wounds
                                      4:27
                                      Freedom Beyond Emancipation
                                      5:24
                                      Rebellious States
                                      6:22
                                      Presidential Reconstruction
                                      6:29
                                      Separation of Power
                                      6:59
                                      Ten Percent Plan
                                      7:41
                                      Lenient Policy
                                      8:33
                                      Congressional Reconstruction
                                      9:37
                                      Wade-Davis Bill
                                      10:00
                                      An Oath of Allegiance
                                      10:13
                                      Pocket veto
                                      10:54
                                      Lincoln Was Assassinated
                                      11:34
                                      Ford's Theater
                                      11:45
                                      The Four Co-conspirators
                                      12:19
                                      Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction
                                      13:16
                                      Andrew Johnson
                                      13:25
                                      Appointed Provisional Governors
                                      14:56
                                      Rejoining the Union
                                      15:20
                                      Black Codes and Backlash
                                      15:34
                                      Black Codes
                                      16:10
                                      Refuse to Admit the Southern Delegations
                                      18:31
                                      The Black Codes
                                      19:08
                                      Freedmen's Bureau
                                      20:08
                                      Lyman Trumbull
                                      21:34
                                      Securing the Civil Rights of the Freedmen
                                      22:26
                                      What Type of Labor System
                                      22:52
                                      Battles in the Sea Islands
                                      22:56
                                      True Freedom
                                      23:52
                                      Gang-Labor System
                                      25:08
                                      White Man's Government
                                      25:33
                                      White Supremacy
                                      26:55
                                      Turned to Washington
                                      27:06
                                      Congress Versus the President
                                      27:17
                                      Freedmen's Bureau Bill
                                      27:24
                                      Trumbull's Civil Rights Bill
                                      27:39
                                      14th Amendment to the Constitution
                                      29:12
                                      Fourteenth Amendment
                                      29:24
                                      All Persons Born or Naturalized in the United States
                                      29:34
                                      The Equal Protection of the Laws
                                      29:53
                                      Civil Rights Act
                                      31:38
                                      Johnson's Response
                                      32:00
                                      The Fourteenth Amendment Became a Campaign Issue
                                      32:45
                                      Waving the Bloody Shirt
                                      32:57
                                      The Civil Rights of Ex-Slaves
                                      33:54
                                      Radical Republicans
                                      34:07
                                      Party's Abolitionist Strain
                                      34:21
                                      Remaking Southern Society
                                      35:55
                                      Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner
                                      36:52
                                      The Reconstruction Act of 1867
                                      36:54
                                      Five Military Districts
                                      37:12
                                      Prewar Political Class
                                      37:32
                                      The Tenure of Office
                                      37:48
                                      Replace Edwin M. Stanton by General Ulysses S. Grant
                                      38:18
                                      Impeachment of Johnson
                                      38:47
                                      Impeachment
                                      39:03
                                      Tenure of Office Act
                                      39:31
                                      Horatio Seymour
                                      40:31
                                      Impeachment of Johnson, 1867
                                      40:49
                                      Example 1
                                      41:22
                                      Example 2
                                      44:09
                                      Example 3
                                      47:15
                                      Reconstruction, Part 2

                                      50m

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:06
                                      Women's Suffrage Denied
                                      1:24
                                      Women's Suffrage
                                      2:35
                                      National Women's Suffrage Association
                                      3:17
                                      Modern Feminist Movement
                                      3:37
                                      Out in the Cold
                                      3:57
                                      Republican Rule in the South
                                      5:38
                                      Congressional Stipulations
                                      5:57
                                      Scalawags
                                      6:47
                                      Carpetbaggers
                                      7:09
                                      Martial Law in the South
                                      8:36
                                      The Republican Program
                                      9:39
                                      Black Officeholders
                                      9:54
                                      Modernized State Constitutions
                                      10:04
                                      Tax Assessors and Collectors
                                      10:58
                                      Republican Reconstruction
                                      11:20
                                      Public Credit Collapsed
                                      11:26
                                      Education as the Foundation
                                      13:12
                                      New African American Churches
                                      13:31
                                      African Americans Take a Greater Role in Politics
                                      14:16
                                      Greater Role in Politics
                                      14:18
                                      The Assemble will Demand Revenge
                                      15:13
                                      Robert Brown Elliot
                                      15:47
                                      African Americans in Government
                                      16:15
                                      Hiram Revels
                                      16:26
                                      Robert Smalls
                                      16:32
                                      Blanche K. Bruce
                                      16:40
                                      African American Majority
                                      17:11
                                      The Quest of Land
                                      18:00
                                      Overcome Poverty
                                      18:20
                                      Southern Homestead Act of 1866
                                      19:15
                                      Ex-Confederates
                                      19:40
                                      Sharecropping
                                      20:04
                                      Sharecropping
                                      20:32
                                      A Lien on the Crop
                                      21:37
                                      A Pretext for Peonage
                                      21:54
                                      Barrow Plantation
                                      22:55
                                      Ownership of Land after Reconstruction
                                      23:55
                                      Devastating to Southern Agriculture
                                      24:29
                                      Violence in the South: Backlash
                                      25:02
                                      Counterrevolution
                                      25:35
                                      A Threat to White Supremacy
                                      26:33
                                      Nathan Bedford Forrest
                                      27:15
                                      The KKK Act of 1871
                                      28:13
                                      Worse Than Slavery
                                      28:36
                                      One Vote Less
                                      29:51
                                      Democratic Backlash
                                      30:21
                                      Prosecuting the KKK
                                      30:56
                                      The Klan
                                      31:02
                                      Prosecuting Klansmen
                                      31:40
                                      Democrats Overthrew Republicans Government
                                      32:51
                                      The Undoing of Reconstruction
                                      33:04
                                      Redeemers
                                      33:17
                                      Massive Black Barbarism
                                      33:53
                                      The Civil Rights Bill
                                      34:48
                                      The End of Reconstruction
                                      35:08
                                      Selling Their Votes for Money
                                      35:14
                                      Refashioned Themselves as Liberals
                                      35:48
                                      Grant Turned a Blind Eye
                                      36:45
                                      Grant Wins and Scandals Ensue
                                      37:11
                                      Whiskey Ring
                                      37:54
                                      White House
                                      38:07
                                      Credit Mobiler
                                      38:49
                                      Depression
                                      39:20
                                      The Bankruptcy of the Northern Pacific Railway
                                      39:28
                                      Freedman's Savings and Trust Company
                                      40:05
                                      Lost its Moral Claim on the Country
                                      40:39
                                      Grantism
                                      41:13
                                      Scandal-Ridden Administration
                                      41:18
                                      Triumphant Foreign Tour
                                      41:35
                                      The Political Crisis of 1877
                                      41:46
                                      Home Rule
                                      42:02
                                      Disputed Votes to Hayes
                                      42:45
                                      Hayes was Inaugurated
                                      43:03
                                      The End of Reconstruction
                                      43:23
                                      Compromise of 1877
                                      43:28
                                      3 Rights-Defining Amendments
                                      44:00
                                      Example 1
                                      45:01
                                      Example 2
                                      46:12
                                      Example 3
                                      47:52
                                      The American West

                                      58m 16s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:05
                                      The U.S. Frontier and Industrialism
                                      2:47
                                      Post Civil War Republican Vision
                                      4:05
                                      Laissez-Faire Approach
                                      5:04
                                      Spread of American Industrialism Movement
                                      6:50
                                      The Great Plains and The West
                                      7:05
                                      Semiarid Great Plains
                                      7:13
                                      Arid West
                                      7:20
                                      Small Pox and Measles
                                      7:43
                                      Map of the U.S.
                                      8:13
                                      Native American Tribes and Lands Ceded
                                      9:26
                                      The Sioux
                                      10:48
                                      Antelope and Buffalo
                                      11:03
                                      Pawnees, Mandans and Euro-Americans
                                      11:34
                                      Westward Migration Into “Indian Country”
                                      11:42
                                      American Fever
                                      12:24
                                      Exodusters and Kansas
                                      13:00
                                      Union Pacific and Central Pacific
                                      13:29
                                      Telegraph Lines
                                      13:56
                                      Farming and Railroads in the West
                                      14:05
                                      Cattle Raising
                                      14:06
                                      New Technologies
                                      15:22
                                      Settlement of the Great Plains
                                      16:37
                                      The Transcontinental Railroad
                                      17:03
                                      Promontory Point, UT
                                      17:18
                                      Gold Rush in 1849
                                      17:36
                                      The Increase of Non-Native American Population
                                      18:14
                                      Hit the Trails
                                      18:26
                                      Chinese
                                      18:48
                                      Gold Rush and Cattle Ranching
                                      19:18
                                      Silver Mining and Other Industries
                                      20:15
                                      Open-Range Ranching
                                      21:05
                                      Long Drive
                                      21:56
                                      Cowboys and Buffalo Bill's Wild West
                                      22:57
                                      Buffalo Bill
                                      23:22
                                      The Wild West Show
                                      23:56
                                      Little Annie Oakley
                                      24:40
                                      The Wild West Show
                                      25:59
                                      Homesteaders and Homestead Act of 1862
                                      27:24
                                      Homestead Act of 1862
                                      27:40
                                      The U.S. Geological Survey
                                      29:08
                                      Department of the Interior
                                      29:14
                                      Farming and the Grange
                                      29:23
                                      Meat Packing Industry
                                      29:41
                                      National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry
                                      31:07
                                      Oliver H. Kelley
                                      31:20
                                      Montgomery Ward
                                      31:41
                                      Oliver Kelley, Founder of the Grange
                                      32:13
                                      Native Americans and the West
                                      32:36
                                      A Peace Commission in 1867
                                      32:58
                                      Bureau of Indian Affairs
                                      33:30
                                      Reservations
                                      34:03
                                      SW Dakota Territory
                                      35:05
                                      Apaches, Navajos and Utes
                                      35:22
                                      Fort Laramie Treaty
                                      35:45
                                      Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce
                                      36:16
                                      Battle of Little Big Horn
                                      37:45
                                      The Nez Perce
                                      37:48
                                      George Custer
                                      38:37
                                      Little Big Horn
                                      38:54
                                      Assimilation Polices
                                      39:49
                                      Education and Religious Indoctrination of American Indians
                                      40:13
                                      The Carlisle Boarding School
                                      40:33
                                      Helen Hunt Jackson
                                      41:26
                                      A Century of Dishonor
                                      41:31
                                      Helen Hunt Jackson and Dawes Severalty Act
                                      42:03
                                      Private Property and Severalty
                                      42:17
                                      The Dawes Act
                                      43:07
                                      Indian Education
                                      43:37
                                      The Ghost Dance
                                      44:11
                                      Native American Civilization
                                      44:26
                                      Wovoka
                                      44:32
                                      Wounded Knee, 1890
                                      45:21
                                      The Long War of Suppression of the Plains Indians
                                      46:07
                                      The End of Indian Wars
                                      46:22
                                      Railroad Workers, Miners and Cowboys
                                      46:56
                                      The Diverse West and California
                                      47:12
                                      The High Sierras
                                      47:31
                                      Asian Migration
                                      47:48
                                      The Six Companies
                                      47:55
                                      Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
                                      48:10
                                      Chinese Exclusion Act
                                      48:43
                                      Japanese Immigrants
                                      49:10
                                      Biased Anti-Chinese Imagery
                                      49:34
                                      Golden California
                                      50:25
                                      Mark Twain and Bret Harte
                                      50:50
                                      Southern Pacific Railroad
                                      51:12
                                      John Muir
                                      51:26
                                      Sierra Club
                                      51:45
                                      Public Parks Established
                                      52:03
                                      Rampant Overdevelopment
                                      52:32
                                      Yosemite Valley
                                      52:38
                                      Yellowstone Valley
                                      52:47
                                      Example 1
                                      53:20
                                      Example 2
                                      55:48
                                      The Rise of the Industrial U.S.

                                      50m 27s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:06
                                      The Age of Steel
                                      2:37
                                      The Bessemer Process
                                      3:54
                                      Andrew Carnegie
                                      4:36
                                      U.S. Steel Corporation
                                      5:04
                                      Andrew Carnegie
                                      5:16
                                      Rags to Riches
                                      5:31
                                      Vertical Integration
                                      6:22
                                      Carnegie Steel
                                      6:53
                                      Two Carnegeian Influential Ideologies
                                      7:38
                                      Social Darwinism
                                      8:18
                                      William Graham Sumner
                                      10:37
                                      Gospel of Wealth
                                      11:07
                                      Philanthropy
                                      11:30
                                      The Railroad Business
                                      12:26
                                      Increase of Railroad Construction
                                      12:58
                                      John Murray Forbes, Cornelius Vanderbilt and James Hill
                                      13:52
                                      Investment Banks
                                      14:12
                                      Map of Railroad Development
                                      14:44
                                      Corporate Consolidation
                                      15:44
                                      Scarcity of Jobs and Money
                                      16:24
                                      The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
                                      17:53
                                      Corporate Consolidation
                                      18:38
                                      Corporations
                                      18:54
                                      Corporation
                                      19:03
                                      Limited Liability
                                      19:39
                                      Dominated by a Few Individuals
                                      20:36
                                      Big Four
                                      21:11
                                      Cornelius Vanderbilt
                                      21:40
                                      Robber Baron
                                      22:08
                                      Horatio Alger
                                      23:47
                                      Synonym for Enormous Wealth and Excessive Corporate
                                      24:42
                                      “Modern Colossus of Roads” by Joseph Keppler in Puck in 1879
                                      24:56
                                      The Great Strike of 1877
                                      25:28
                                      Railroad Mogul
                                      25:34
                                      The Great Strike of 1877
                                      25:47
                                      Fall of Railroad Building
                                      27:25
                                      Manufacturing Output Increased
                                      28:10
                                      John D. Rockefeller
                                      28:35
                                      Black Gold
                                      28:43
                                      Horizontal Integration
                                      29:36
                                      Cut-Throat Competition
                                      29:49
                                      Vertical and Horizontal Integration
                                      30:29
                                      Gustavus Swift and Philip Armour's Meatpacking
                                      31:45
                                      Dominated Meatpacking
                                      31:56
                                      Refrigerator Cars
                                      32:12
                                      Other Businesses
                                      32:31
                                      Tobacco, Farm Machinery, Sewing Machine and Cereals
                                      32:35
                                      Cartels
                                      32:44
                                      Trusts
                                      32:53
                                      Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
                                      33:50
                                      The Basic Federal Antimonopoly Law
                                      34:04
                                      Congress Government Intervention in the Free Economy
                                      34:43
                                      United States v. E.C. Knight
                                      35:52
                                      Standard Oil Company v. United States
                                      36:19
                                      Laissez-Faire, and the Gilded Age
                                      37:48
                                      Laissez-Faire Approach
                                      38:14
                                      Industrial Giant
                                      38:49
                                      The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today
                                      38:58
                                      Democratic Vistas
                                      39:43
                                      Chromo Civilization
                                      39:50
                                      The Gilded Age
                                      39:58
                                      Glittery
                                      40:09
                                      Crass Corruption
                                      40:27
                                      Robber Barons: History Repeats Itself
                                      41:26
                                      Robber Barons
                                      42:31
                                      Example 1
                                      43:13
                                      Example 2
                                      45:29
                                      Example 3
                                      46:53
                                      Working People and the Labor Movement in the Gilded Age

                                      38m 41s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:07
                                      The World of Work
                                      2:14
                                      Farm Folk and Artisans
                                      2:37
                                      White-Collar Jobs
                                      3:03
                                      Negative Aspects of Urban Life
                                      4:19
                                      Outside Labor For Industries
                                      5:13
                                      Types of Jobs
                                      6:53
                                      Working Trends
                                      8:10
                                      Women Working More for Wages
                                      8:24
                                      Race, Ethnicity and Gender
                                      9:04
                                      Mechanized Jobs
                                      9:43
                                      Collective Bargaining
                                      10:00
                                      Immigration Affects the Working World
                                      10:53
                                      Huge Migration from the old World
                                      11:04
                                      Austrian, Hungarians and other Slavic People
                                      11:20
                                      The Labor Movement
                                      12:09
                                      The Knights of Labor
                                      12:22
                                      Cooperative Commonwealth
                                      13:30
                                      Social Reforms
                                      13:55
                                      Collective Bargaining and Closed Shops
                                      14:02
                                      Terence Powderly
                                      14:16
                                      Closed Shops
                                      15:15
                                      Open to all who Toiled
                                      15:47
                                      The Woman's Bureau of the Knights
                                      15:55
                                      The Knights Boycotted Against Gould
                                      16:15
                                      Boycott Against Unfair Employers
                                      16:34
                                      Jay Gould's Southwestern Railway System
                                      16:39
                                      Disorganized Strike
                                      17:20
                                      Haymarket Square Incident
                                      17:38
                                      Blamed on Anarchists
                                      16:20
                                      An Antiunion Hysteria
                                      18:52
                                      Yellow-Dog Contracts
                                      19:30
                                      The Knights of Labor
                                      20:21
                                      The AFL
                                      20:28
                                      American Federation of Labor
                                      20:35
                                      National Trade Unions
                                      21:26
                                      Bread and Butter Issues
                                      21:39
                                      Samuel Gompers
                                      22:15
                                      Samuel Gompers, Unions and Modern Strikes
                                      22:53
                                      Homestead Strike
                                      24:21
                                      Henry Frick
                                      24:41
                                      Put an End to Trade Unions in the Steel Industry
                                      25:45
                                      Pullman Strike
                                      26:13
                                      President Cleveland
                                      26:57
                                      Secondary Labor Boycott
                                      27:16
                                      Contempt of Court
                                      28:24
                                      In re Debs in 1895
                                      28:50
                                      The use of Injunctions against Strikes
                                      29:04
                                      Socialism and the American Socialist Party
                                      29:15
                                      The IWW
                                      30:07
                                      The Wobblies
                                      30:13
                                      Marxist Class Struggle
                                      30:19
                                      General Strike
                                      30:27
                                      Syndicalism
                                      30:33
                                      Influence of Socialism and Debs
                                      31:06
                                      Social Darwinists
                                      31:28
                                      Eugene Debs
                                      32:02
                                      Labor Unions
                                      32:19
                                      Example 1
                                      33:02
                                      Example 2
                                      35:40
                                      Example 3
                                      37:09
                                      Immigration, Urban, Culture and Politics

                                      48m 51s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:07
                                      Ward Politics and Political Bosses
                                      0:56
                                      Urban Political Machines
                                      1:40
                                      Tammany Hall in New York
                                      1:56
                                      Grassroots Constituency
                                      3:10
                                      Boss Tweed
                                      4:30
                                      The Political Machine and Corruption
                                      5:34
                                      George Plunkitt
                                      7:13
                                      Regular System
                                      7:21
                                      Honest Graft
                                      7:43
                                      Social Changes
                                      10:54
                                      Class Society
                                      11:00
                                      Increase in Suburbanization
                                      11:25
                                      American Woman's Home Journal
                                      12:19
                                      A Clash of Values
                                      12:51
                                      The Victorian Ideal of Domesticity
                                      13:09
                                      Clash of Victorian Ideas
                                      13:59
                                      Comstock Law
                                      14:35
                                      Religion and Secularism in the City
                                      15:26
                                      Orthodox Judaism
                                      16:15
                                      Catholic Church
                                      17:25
                                      Protestant Churches
                                      18:04
                                      Working-Class Culture and Journalism
                                      19:10
                                      Working-Class Culture
                                      19:28
                                      Joseph Pulitzer
                                      20:05
                                      Heart's New York Journal
                                      20:14
                                      The Higher Culture
                                      21:58
                                      The Corcoran Gallery of Art
                                      22:12
                                      Symphony Orchestras
                                      22:53
                                      Increase in Public Libraries
                                      23:08
                                      The Gilded Age
                                      24:46
                                      Ellis Island and Angel Island
                                      25:31
                                      Ellis Island
                                      26:15
                                      Angel Island
                                      27:02
                                      Paper Sons and Paper Daughters
                                      28:00
                                      The Immigrant Experience
                                      28:36
                                      “Old” and “New” Immigrants
                                      31:12
                                      Immigrant Challenges and Opportunities
                                      32:06
                                      Fraternal Organizations
                                      32:34
                                      Labor Force in Factories
                                      35:25
                                      Backlash Against Immigrants
                                      35:57
                                      The “Land of Milk and Honey”
                                      37:18
                                      Old Immigrants
                                      38:05
                                      Push and Pull
                                      38:19
                                      Immigration Cartoons
                                      38:25
                                      Urban Life: Technology Improves Life
                                      39:49
                                      New Forms of Transportation
                                      40:25
                                      Suburbs
                                      40:45
                                      Public-Works Programs
                                      40:50
                                      Skyscrapers and Subways
                                      41:03
                                      Frederick Law Olmsted's Central Park
                                      41:18
                                      Designed in 1860s
                                      42:14
                                      Inspired Other Parks
                                      42:18
                                      Urban Problems
                                      42:29
                                      Tenements
                                      42:33
                                      Poor Conditions
                                      42:45
                                      Example 1
                                      43:32
                                      Example 2
                                      44:42
                                      Example 3
                                      45:57
                                      The New South and The Farmers Mobilize

                                      45m 21s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:07
                                      Frontier Thesis
                                      3:07
                                      Jackson Turner
                                      3:48
                                      The Significance of the Frontier in American History
                                      4:25
                                      The Decline of the Dominance of Rural America
                                      6:17
                                      A “New South”
                                      7:19
                                      Economic Growth in the South
                                      7:34
                                      Henry Grady
                                      8:31
                                      Tax Exemptions
                                      8:43
                                      The “New South”
                                      9:10
                                      Poverty in the South
                                      10:02
                                      Mostly Agricultural
                                      10:06
                                      Lacked Technological Skills
                                      10:17
                                      Cycle of Poverty
                                      10:46
                                      George Washington Carver
                                      11:09
                                      Class, Race and Politics in the New South
                                      11:50
                                      Inequality
                                      12:14
                                      Redeemers
                                      12:32
                                      Gerrymandering
                                      13:10
                                      Readjusters
                                      13:24
                                      The Colored Farmers' Alliance
                                      15:04
                                      Discrimination and Jim Crow
                                      15:21
                                      White Man's Party and the Solid South
                                      15:57
                                      Problems at the Polls
                                      16:17
                                      Court Cases and Discrimination
                                      18:09
                                      Civil Rights Cases of 1883
                                      18:44
                                      Plessy v. Ferguson
                                      19:11
                                      Williams v. Mississippi
                                      21:42
                                      Civil Rights Activists Fight Back
                                      22:22
                                      Boycotts of Streetcars
                                      22:48
                                      Ida Wells-Barnett's Anti-Lynching Campaign
                                      23:03
                                      Booker T. Washington and W.E.B Du Bois
                                      24:33
                                      Farmers Face Problems
                                      25:11
                                      Grange Movement
                                      25:41
                                      The Farmers' Alliances
                                      26:14
                                      The National Alliance
                                      26:48
                                      The Populist Movement
                                      27:44
                                      A Catalyst for Political Crisis
                                      28:25
                                      A Class Ideology
                                      29:13
                                      Omaha Convention
                                      29:44
                                      The Texas Alliance's Subtreasury Plan
                                      30:03
                                      Women Populists
                                      30:37
                                      Populist Movement
                                      30:48
                                      Raise Less Corn and More Hell
                                      30:56
                                      Election of 1862 Map
                                      31:18
                                      The Texas Alliance's Subtreasury System
                                      32:09
                                      Public Warehouse
                                      32:26
                                      Subtreasury
                                      32:40
                                      Rejected by the Democrats
                                      33:05
                                      Railroad Regulations
                                      33:23
                                      Munn v. Illinois
                                      33:57
                                      For the Common Good
                                      34:22
                                      Richard B. Olney and Roscoe Conkling
                                      34:46
                                      Replaced by Judges with Pro-Business Records
                                      34:58
                                      The Wabash Case
                                      35:08
                                      Infringed on the Exclusive power of Congress
                                      35:27
                                      Only the Federal Government Could Regulate Railroads
                                      36:21
                                      The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
                                      36:32
                                      The Interstate Commerce Act of 1886
                                      36:39
                                      ICC
                                      36:41
                                      Harrison, Cleveland and McKinley
                                      38:12
                                      Ineffective for the First 20 Years
                                      38:23
                                      Example 1
                                      38:44
                                      Example 2
                                      40:51
                                      Example 3
                                      43:06
                                      Politics of the Gilded Age

                                      48m 1s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:06
                                      Campaign Strategy of “Do-Little” Government
                                      2:46
                                      Close Elections
                                      3:30
                                      Campaigning
                                      4:30
                                      Senator Roscoe Conkling
                                      5:53
                                      Waving the Bloody Shirt
                                      6:40
                                      Big City Political Machines
                                      6:58
                                      Presidential Politics
                                      7:24
                                      Rutherford B. Hayes
                                      7:28
                                      James Garfield
                                      8:31
                                      The Great Presidential Puzzle
                                      9:58
                                      Roscoe Conkling
                                      10:01
                                      James A. Garfield
                                      10:27
                                      Presidential Politics
                                      10:42
                                      Chester A. Arthur
                                      10:46
                                      Pendleton Act
                                      11:08
                                      Grover Cleveland
                                      11:59
                                      Grover the Good
                                      12:10
                                      Another President Who Had a Rise in the World
                                      13:11
                                      The Toe-Path to the White House
                                      13:16
                                      New York Customs House
                                      13:19
                                      The Politics of the Status Quo
                                      13:53
                                      The Pendleton Act
                                      14:11
                                      Civil Service Commission
                                      14:16
                                      Excise Tax and tariff
                                      14:47
                                      Cultural Politics and the People
                                      15:29
                                      Politics Became a Form of Entertainment
                                      15:51
                                      Party Loyalty
                                      15:54
                                      Ethnocultural Issues
                                      16:25
                                      Republican Factions
                                      16:47
                                      Stalwarts
                                      17:18
                                      Roscoe Conkling's Faction
                                      17:24
                                      Half-breeds
                                      17:41
                                      James G Blaine
                                      17:47
                                      Blaine Covered in Scandals
                                      18:14
                                      Mugwumps
                                      20:14
                                      Mugwumps
                                      20:27
                                      Fence-Sitters
                                      21:11
                                      The Adoption of the Secret Ballot
                                      21:40
                                      Images of Mugwumps
                                      21:54
                                      Grover Cleveland
                                      23:18
                                      First Democrat
                                      23:23
                                      Treasury Crisis
                                      23:50
                                      The Money Question
                                      24:29
                                      Sound-Money
                                      24:38
                                      An Era of Chronic Deflation
                                      25:02
                                      Bland-Allison Act of 1878
                                      25:14
                                      Coxey's Army
                                      25:46
                                      Jacob Coxey
                                      25:48
                                      The Creation of Government Jobs
                                      26:33
                                      The Issus of Government Bonds
                                      26:53
                                      Assist the Unemployed
                                      26:59
                                      Women and Politics
                                      27:49
                                      National American Woman Suffrage Association
                                      28:34
                                      State Campaigns
                                      29:06
                                      Separate Spheres
                                      29:38
                                      Women and Temperance
                                      30:31
                                      Woman's Christian Temperance Union
                                      30:34
                                      Frances Willard
                                      31:00
                                      Carry Nation
                                      32:01
                                      Prohibition Supporters
                                      32:39
                                      Election of 1896
                                      33:21
                                      Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894
                                      34:20
                                      J.P. Morgan
                                      34:35
                                      William Jennings Bryan
                                      35:07
                                      Bryan's “Cross of Gold” Speech
                                      35:41
                                      The Democratic Silver Campaign
                                      36:07
                                      The Paralyzing Equilibrium
                                      37:22
                                      “Cross of Gold” Speech
                                      37:50
                                      Laboring Interests
                                      38:00
                                      The Toilers
                                      38:02
                                      Election of 1892 and 1896
                                      38:43
                                      McKinley's Consolidation
                                      39:12
                                      Republican Dominance in National Politics
                                      39:43
                                      Example 1
                                      40:14
                                      Example 2
                                      42:55
                                      Example 3
                                      45:12
                                      Section 7: Period 7: 1890 - 1945
                                      Progressive Era, Part 1

                                      45m 1s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:05
                                      Progressivism
                                      1:23
                                      Social Justice
                                      2:27
                                      Industrialization or Urbanization
                                      3:32
                                      Corrupt Government Officials
                                      4:02
                                      Urban Middle Class
                                      4:29
                                      Jane Addams and Hull House
                                      4:48
                                      Jane Addams
                                      4:58
                                      Hull House
                                      5:06
                                      A New Sense of Urgency
                                      5:25
                                      Alleviate Social Problems
                                      5:34
                                      Settlement Movement
                                      5:51
                                      Progressive Ideas
                                      6:33
                                      William James
                                      7:19
                                      Walter Rauschenbusch
                                      8:05
                                      Muckrakers
                                      8:36
                                      Muckrakers
                                      9:53
                                      McClure's and Collier's
                                      10:07
                                      New Kind of Reform
                                      10:19
                                      Progress and Poverty
                                      10:48
                                      Effects of Laissez-Faire Economics
                                      11:04
                                      Inequalities Wealth
                                      11:13
                                      Looking Backward
                                      11:28
                                      A Cooperative Society
                                      11:37
                                      Greater Government Regulation
                                      11:47
                                      How the Other Half Lives
                                      12:01
                                      Jacob A. Riis
                                      12:04
                                      A Danish Immigrant
                                      12:06
                                      Immigrant Ghettoes
                                      12:23
                                      Women Progressives
                                      13:17
                                      Humanitarian Work
                                      13:22
                                      Josephine Shaw Lowell
                                      13:28
                                      National Consumers' League
                                      14:10
                                      A Wave for Protective Laws
                                      15:07
                                      Louis D. Brandeis
                                      15:30
                                      The People's Attorney
                                      15:38
                                      Brandeis Brief
                                      16:17
                                      Supreme Court Justice
                                      17:37
                                      Other Female Reformers
                                      17:47
                                      Margaret Sanger
                                      17:52
                                      American Birth Control League
                                      18:23
                                      National Association of Colored Women
                                      18:42
                                      National Women's Trade Union League
                                      18:57
                                      Suffrage Movement
                                      19:22
                                      The National Woman's Party
                                      19:56
                                      Woman Suffrage Association
                                      20:54
                                      The 19th Amendment
                                      21:17
                                      Images of Suffrage Movement
                                      21:45
                                      Urban Liberalism
                                      22:02
                                      The Needs of the Poor
                                      22:08
                                      Voluntarism
                                      23:02
                                      The Industrial Hazards and Accidents
                                      23:35
                                      Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
                                      23:49
                                      New York State Factory Commission
                                      26:31
                                      Tammany
                                      27:10
                                      Cultural Pluralism Embattled
                                      27:32
                                      Progressive Goal
                                      28:35
                                      The Anti-Saloon League
                                      29:01
                                      Populist Ideas Implemented Into Politics
                                      30:05
                                      The Direct Primary
                                      31:12
                                      Initiative
                                      31:30
                                      Referendum
                                      31:35
                                      Recall
                                      31:50
                                      From the State to the Federal Level
                                      32:09
                                      Progressive Governors
                                      32:43
                                      Robert La Follette
                                      32:55
                                      Hiram Johnson
                                      33:17
                                      Theodore Roosevelt
                                      33:29
                                      Woodrow Wilson
                                      33:39
                                      Progressivism and National Politics
                                      33:54
                                      Teddy Roosevelt
                                      35:08
                                      Dakota Territory
                                      35:22
                                      Teddy Roosevelt
                                      35:38
                                      Civil Service Commission
                                      35:47
                                      Secretary of the Navy
                                      35:50
                                      Rough Riders
                                      36:15
                                      Trust Buster
                                      36:37
                                      Square Deal
                                      36:38
                                      Example 1
                                      36:53
                                      Example 2
                                      40:20
                                      Example 3
                                      43:07
                                      Progressive Era, Part 2

                                      38m 58s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:04
                                      TR's Square Deal, 1901-1909
                                      1:04
                                      Taking Advantage of Small Business
                                      1:21
                                      Trustbusting and Regulating
                                      1:51
                                      Coal Strike in 1902
                                      2:34
                                      Regulating the Railroads
                                      3:16
                                      Interstate Commerce Commission
                                      3:20
                                      Elkins Act in 1903
                                      4:03
                                      Hepburn Act in 1904
                                      4:17
                                      Regulating Food Industry
                                      4:45
                                      The Jungle
                                      5:02
                                      The Meat Inspection Act in 1906
                                      7:26
                                      The Pure Food and Drug Act and FDA
                                      7:38
                                      Slaughterhouse
                                      8:11
                                      The “Trust Buster”?
                                      8:42
                                      Bad Trusts
                                      9:47
                                      Good Trusts
                                      9:54
                                      Other Regulations
                                      11:04
                                      Sherman Antitrust Act
                                      11:32
                                      The Bureau of Corporations
                                      12:02
                                      Northern Securities Company
                                      12:14
                                      Standard Oil, American Tobacco and DuPont
                                      12:41
                                      Teddy's gentlemen's Agreement
                                      13:06
                                      Trans-Missouri Decision
                                      13:19
                                      Gentlemen's Agreement
                                      14:36
                                      The Infant Hercules and the Standard Oil Serpents
                                      14:52
                                      Environmental Regulations
                                      15:02
                                      Environmentalist or Conservationist
                                      15:14
                                      National Parks
                                      15:22
                                      Rational Use of Gifford Pinchot
                                      15:51
                                      National Reclamation Act
                                      16:31
                                      Republican Progressives Fracture
                                      16:53
                                      William Howard Taft
                                      17:19
                                      Payne-Aldrich Act
                                      17:46
                                      Whistle-Blowing on a Conspiracy
                                      18:23
                                      Joseph Cannon
                                      18:42
                                      Congress's Leading Conservative
                                      19:01
                                      Dictator
                                      19:06
                                      The Progressive Faction
                                      19:14
                                      Dissident Faction
                                      19:29
                                      Progressives or Insurgents
                                      19:31
                                      Standard Oil
                                      19:51
                                      Pursued Monopolies
                                      20:46
                                      Progressive Amendments Under Taft
                                      20:54
                                      16th Amendment
                                      21:16
                                      17th Amendment
                                      21:20
                                      Roosevelt Strikes Back
                                      21:36
                                      New Nationalism
                                      21:38
                                      Child Labor Law
                                      21:53
                                      Strong As a Bull Moose
                                      22:10
                                      Civil Rights Movement Heats Up
                                      22:21
                                      Booker T. Washington
                                      22:38
                                      Atlanta Compromise
                                      23:10
                                      W.E.B. Du Bois
                                      23:41
                                      The Soul of Black Folk
                                      24:06
                                      Niagara Movement
                                      24:58
                                      William Monroe Trotter
                                      25:03
                                      Niagara Falls
                                      25:15
                                      Comprehensive Education
                                      25:30
                                      The NAACP
                                      25:45
                                      The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
                                      25:53
                                      Challenge Unfair Laws
                                      26:09
                                      The Urban League
                                      26:31
                                      Providing Welfare to Black Migrants
                                      26:45
                                      A Network Created
                                      27:06
                                      Woodrow Wilson's “New Freedom”
                                      27:25
                                      A Middle Way that Bears the Powers Of Government
                                      27:42
                                      Place Strict Government Controls on Corporation
                                      28:13
                                      New Freedom
                                      28:20
                                      Triple Wall of Privilege
                                      28:26
                                      The Underwood Tariff Act of 1913
                                      28:38
                                      Federal Reserve Act of 1913
                                      29:07
                                      The Federal Trade Commission
                                      29:34
                                      The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
                                      30:00
                                      The Federal Farm Loan Act
                                      30:54
                                      A Federal Child Labor Law
                                      31:06
                                      Example 1
                                      31:18
                                      Example 2
                                      33:18
                                      Example 3
                                      36:20
                                      Example 4
                                      37:36
                                      The U.S. Becomes a World Power

                                      56m 1s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:08
                                      The Roots of U.S. Imperialism
                                      2:12
                                      Abandon the Policy of Neutrality
                                      4:00
                                      Upgraded Navy
                                      5:04
                                      The Influences of Sea Power Upon History
                                      5:16
                                      Latin America and Asia
                                      8:38
                                      Economics Interests
                                      8:54
                                      Extractive Economies
                                      9:10
                                      Natural Resources and Raw Material
                                      9:49
                                      GDP Quadrupled and Businesses
                                      10:09
                                      Imperialist Nations
                                      11:09
                                      The Economy of Expansion
                                      11:40
                                      The Purchase of Alaska
                                      13:19
                                      William Seward
                                      13:45
                                      Natural Resources
                                      14:19
                                      U.S. In Asia and in the Pacific
                                      15:05
                                      Commodore Matthew Perry
                                      15:14
                                      Hawaiian Islands
                                      16:46
                                      Midway Islands
                                      16:56
                                      Pearl Harbor
                                      17:25
                                      Perry's Squadron in Japan
                                      17:31
                                      U.S. Possessions in the Pacific
                                      17:54
                                      The U.S. Annexes Hawaii
                                      19:05
                                      Sugar Plantations
                                      19:32
                                      Voting Rights
                                      19:39
                                      McKinley Tariff
                                      20:14
                                      An official U.S. Territory
                                      21:41
                                      William McKinley and Imperialist Influences
                                      22:55
                                      Assistant Secretary of the Navy
                                      24:34
                                      Henry Cabot Lodge
                                      24:45
                                      William Jennings Bryan and Grover Cleveland
                                      25:51
                                      Causes of Spanish-American War
                                      26:10
                                      Spain as a Declining Imperial Power
                                      26:32
                                      Cuban Independence Movement
                                      27:42
                                      Guerilla Tactics
                                      28:00
                                      Yellow Journalism
                                      28:52
                                      Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst
                                      29:11
                                      Yellow Press
                                      29:18
                                      The Maine
                                      30:47
                                      Hearst and Pulitzer
                                      31:03
                                      Cartoon of Hearst and Pulitzer
                                      31:04
                                      You Furnish the Pictures, and I'll furnish the war
                                      31:49
                                      Jingoism
                                      32:08
                                      Maine Blows Up
                                      32:32
                                      War with Spain
                                      33:19
                                      Remember the Maine
                                      33:20
                                      The Teller Amendment
                                      33:36
                                      Enlisted in the Army
                                      34:15
                                      The Duty of the Hour
                                      34:36
                                      Spanish-American Cuban War
                                      35:54
                                      Two Theaters of War
                                      37:18
                                      Commodore Dewey
                                      37:20
                                      The Rough Riders
                                      37:46
                                      Deaths in the War
                                      38:17
                                      Battle of San Juan Hill
                                      38:38
                                      Treaty of Paris and Aftermath
                                      38:51
                                      The U.S. bought Philippines
                                      39:04
                                      An Imperial Power
                                      40:18
                                      Splendid Little War
                                      40:48
                                      U.S. Foreign Policy
                                      41:17
                                      Anti-Imperialist concerns
                                      41:39
                                      Filipinos Rebel Against U.S. Rule
                                      43:36
                                      Emilio Aguinaldo
                                      43:58
                                      An Insurrection Against U.S. Rule
                                      44:26
                                      Death in the Fighting
                                      44:52
                                      U.S. Policy in Puerto Rico and Cuba
                                      45:32
                                      Puerto Rico
                                      45:40
                                      The Foraker Act
                                      45:51
                                      Insular Cases
                                      46:58
                                      The Jones-Shafroth Act
                                      47:29
                                      The Platt Amendment
                                      47:56
                                      The Platt Amendment
                                      48:07
                                      Lease Naval Stations to U.S.
                                      48:36
                                      Cuban Constitution
                                      49:14
                                      Example 1
                                      50:01
                                      Example 2
                                      51:18
                                      Example 3
                                      53:21
                                      U.S. Foreign Policy Under Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, and Woodrow Wilson

                                      47m 55s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      1:06
                                      Roosevelt's “Big Stick” Policy
                                      2:21
                                      Strong Military Action
                                      4:35
                                      Civilize or Uplift Weaker Nations
                                      5:00
                                      Anglo-American Friendship
                                      5:42
                                      Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick
                                      6:45
                                      The U.S. Builds the Panama Canal
                                      7:57
                                      Ferdinand de Lesseps
                                      8:08
                                      Panama Route
                                      9:16
                                      Declared its Independence
                                      9:25
                                      Canal Zone
                                      9:38
                                      The Panama Canal
                                      9:52
                                      Commanding Commercial and Strategic Position
                                      10:12
                                      Control Malaria
                                      10:41
                                      Combat Several Tropical Diseases
                                      11:04
                                      Panama Canal
                                      11:24
                                      Roosevelt Corollary
                                      11:47
                                      Age of Economic Imperialism
                                      12:11
                                      Police Power
                                      13:25
                                      Latin Americans' Reactions
                                      14:34
                                      Aggressive Form with Mr. Roosevelt
                                      15:27
                                      Sovereignty and Liberty of Nicaraguans
                                      15:33
                                      U.S. Pursues Interests in China
                                      16:10
                                      Spheres of Influence
                                      17:34
                                      Secretary of State John Hay
                                      18:35
                                      Spheres of Influence
                                      19:05
                                      Chinese Response to Imperialism
                                      20:24
                                      The Boxer Rebellion
                                      20:42
                                      Western Devils
                                      21:28
                                      U.S. and Japanese Troops
                                      21:55
                                      Hay Reaffirms the Open Door Policy
                                      22:26
                                      Support Chinese Students
                                      22:37
                                      A Trade Relationship
                                      22:57
                                      Scholarships for Chinese Students
                                      23:02
                                      Tensions Between U.S. and Japan Rise
                                      23:36
                                      The Spheres of Influence in China
                                      23:44
                                      A Peace Treaty
                                      24:17
                                      The Root-Takahira Agreement of 1900
                                      25:02
                                      Anti-Asian Backlash in the U.S.
                                      25:21
                                      Prejudice Against Asian-Americans
                                      26:09
                                      Gentlemen's Agreement
                                      26:58
                                      Taft's Dollar Diplomacy
                                      27:18
                                      Increase U.S. Investments in Businesses
                                      27:51
                                      The Rationale
                                      28:36
                                      Chinese Revolution
                                      29:17
                                      Woodrow Wilson Shifts the Foreign Policy
                                      29:52
                                      Anti-Imperialist William Jennings Bryan
                                      30:57
                                      Moral Diplomacy
                                      31:17
                                      Agreement with Haiti
                                      32:15
                                      Dominican Republic and Mexico
                                      32:35
                                      U.S. and Mexican Revolution
                                      32:43
                                      Caudillos and Coup d'etats
                                      33:46
                                      Counsel Mexico for its Own Good
                                      34:47
                                      Venustiano Carranza
                                      35:08
                                      U.S. “Punitive Expedition”
                                      35:50
                                      Francisco Poncho Villa and Emiliano Zapata
                                      35:58
                                      Punitive Expedition
                                      37:10
                                      Tension Were Brewing in Europe
                                      37:55
                                      Triple Alliance and Dual Alliance
                                      38:24
                                      Triple Entente
                                      38:44
                                      The Apostle of Peace
                                      39:50
                                      Triple Alliance and Triple Entente
                                      40:13
                                      International Efforts for Peace
                                      40:29
                                      Hague Peace Conference of 1899
                                      40:31
                                      Erosion of the Nation's Sovereignty
                                      40:47
                                      Cooling Off Treaties
                                      40:59
                                      Example 1
                                      41:32
                                      Example 2
                                      43:33
                                      Example 3
                                      46:03
                                      The Great War

                                      45m 12s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:06
                                      Causes of the Great War
                                      0:47
                                      A Brutal War Between European Nations
                                      2:32
                                      Franco-Prussian War
                                      3:02
                                      Nationalism
                                      3:28
                                      Europe Map, 1914
                                      4:40
                                      Assassination Hurtles Europe Toward WW1
                                      6:11
                                      Archduke Francis Ferdinand
                                      6:24
                                      Young Bosnia
                                      7:57
                                      Kaiser William II
                                      8:41
                                      Fighting Breaks Out
                                      8:56
                                      Ultimatum
                                      9:07
                                      Austria-Hungary Declares War
                                      9:22
                                      Pan-Slavism
                                      9:26
                                      Trench Warfare and Deadly Weapons
                                      10:28
                                      No Man's Land
                                      11:32
                                      War of Attrition
                                      11:47
                                      Western Front
                                      12:09
                                      Modern Weapons
                                      12:47
                                      Wilson Urges For Neutrality
                                      13:09
                                      U.S. Exceptionalism
                                      13:29
                                      Isolationists, Interventionists and the Internationalists
                                      15:10
                                      Key Events in 1915 and 1916
                                      15:57
                                      No Longer Attack Passenger Ships Without Warning
                                      16:17
                                      German Invasion of Neutral Belgium
                                      16:29
                                      A Slim Margin
                                      17:03
                                      Early Anti-War Sentiments
                                      17:30
                                      Domestic Divisions
                                      17:40
                                      Cancellation of Irish Home Rule
                                      17:48
                                      Robert La Follette of Wisconsin and George Norris of NE
                                      18:08
                                      Andrew Carnegie and Henry Ford
                                      18:59
                                      Pro-War Propaganda
                                      19:08
                                      Wilson Abandons Neutrality
                                      20:43
                                      Blockade Against Britain
                                      20:48
                                      Lusitania
                                      21:13
                                      Sussex
                                      22:30
                                      The National Defense Act
                                      22:48
                                      The Naval Construction Act
                                      22:52
                                      Sinking of Lusitania
                                      23:00
                                      The Zimmermann Note
                                      23:27
                                      Germans Proposed an Alliance with Mexico
                                      23:39
                                      Intercepted Telegram
                                      23:58
                                      Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
                                      24:07
                                      The Home Front
                                      24:21
                                      The Lives of Ordinary Americans
                                      24:58
                                      Conscription
                                      25:10
                                      Doughboys
                                      25:46
                                      Slackers
                                      25:53
                                      We Want You!
                                      26:03
                                      Wartime Economy
                                      27:24
                                      War Industries Board
                                      28:15
                                      Bernard Baruch
                                      28:26
                                      The Food Administration
                                      28:47
                                      The Committee on Public Information
                                      29:18
                                      George Creel Directed the CPI
                                      30:02
                                      More Propaganda Posters and Songs
                                      31:12
                                      Opposition and Hope For Minorities
                                      33:57
                                      Conscientious Objectors
                                      34:19
                                      Women's Peace Party
                                      34:39
                                      The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
                                      34:46
                                      Segregated Regiments
                                      35:25
                                      Crackdown on Dissent
                                      37:28
                                      Espionage Act
                                      38:18
                                      The Sedition Act
                                      38:46
                                      Example 1
                                      39:39
                                      Example 2
                                      40:39
                                      Example 3
                                      42:50
                                      The End of the Great War, Its Effect, and The Interwar Period

                                      40m 27s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:08
                                      The War Changes U.S. Society
                                      1:02
                                      More Opportunities for Women
                                      2:15
                                      American Women's Hospital Service
                                      2:50
                                      The Great Migration
                                      4:07
                                      Race Riots
                                      4:19
                                      Barrios
                                      4:44
                                      Protesters Finally Reach Their Goal
                                      4:52
                                      Great Migration
                                      5:32
                                      Wilson , War and Peace
                                      6:46
                                      Entering the War
                                      6:50
                                      Convoying
                                      8:21
                                      Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
                                      9:07
                                      The End of the War
                                      9:48
                                      Eddie Rickenbacker
                                      9:55
                                      Compiegne, France
                                      10:47
                                      Casualties
                                      11:10
                                      Armistice
                                      11:23
                                      “Peace Without Victory”
                                      11:59
                                      The Morality of the Allied
                                      12:11
                                      Fourteen Points
                                      12:47
                                      League of Nations
                                      13:55
                                      Paris Peace Conference
                                      14:26
                                      Paris Peace Conference
                                      14:32
                                      A Peace Settlement that Punished Germany
                                      14:40
                                      War Guilt
                                      14:52
                                      The League of Nations as Part of the Treaty
                                      16:02
                                      Map, 1918
                                      16:37
                                      Many U.S. Citizens Reject Treaty
                                      17:45
                                      Irreconcilables
                                      17:54
                                      Reservationists
                                      18:27
                                      Article X viewed as Unconstitutional
                                      18:48
                                      The Aftermath of the War
                                      20:04
                                      Isolationism
                                      20:20
                                      Red Scare
                                      20:58
                                      A Creditor Nation
                                      22:32
                                      Schenck v. United States, 1919
                                      22:42
                                      Violation of the Espionage Act
                                      22:58
                                      Justice Wendell Holmes
                                      22:41
                                      Tools for Suppression
                                      24:04
                                      Stamping Out Radicalism
                                      24:29
                                      International Workers of the World
                                      24:39
                                      Eugene Debs
                                      24:58
                                      Emma Goldman
                                      25:16
                                      Margaret Sanger
                                      25:37
                                      Federal Bureau of Investigation
                                      26:04
                                      Red Scare
                                      26:42
                                      USSR
                                      26:47
                                      Palmer Raids
                                      27:02
                                      American Civil Liberties Union
                                      28:04
                                      ACLU: American Civil Liberties Union
                                      28:12
                                      Freedom of Speech and Expression
                                      28:21
                                      On Behalf of the American People
                                      28:42
                                      Sacco and Vanzetti
                                      29:09
                                      Trial for Murder
                                      29:36
                                      Defense Counsel
                                      29:43
                                      The Fairness of the Trial
                                      30:35
                                      Shift From Idealism to Normalcy
                                      31:41
                                      Return to Normalcy
                                      32:11
                                      Suppressed by Federal Troops
                                      32:33
                                      The Supreme Court
                                      32:42
                                      Example 1
                                      33:07
                                      Example 2
                                      35:53
                                      Example 3
                                      37:45
                                      Example 4
                                      38:49
                                      The Interwar Period

                                      47m 7s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:05
                                      Conservative Presidents
                                      2:45
                                      Harding's Presidency
                                      2:50
                                      Herbert Hoover
                                      3:37
                                      Republican-Dominated FTC
                                      4:22
                                      Calvin Coolidge
                                      4:41
                                      A Strong Pro-Business Stance
                                      4:52
                                      New Tax Cut
                                      5:14
                                      Interior Albert Fall
                                      5:52
                                      Mixed Economic Development
                                      6:45
                                      Postwar Recession
                                      6:53
                                      A Consumer Culture
                                      8:25
                                      Overproduction
                                      9:08
                                      Inflation
                                      9:28
                                      Consumer Culture
                                      9:41
                                      A New Pop Culture
                                      10:23
                                      Radios
                                      10:28
                                      Duke Ellington
                                      11:00
                                      New Consumer Goods
                                      11:58
                                      New Journalism
                                      12:18
                                      Images of the 1920s
                                      12:40
                                      The Jazz Age and “Modern” Culture
                                      12:55
                                      African Americans
                                      13:03
                                      Rebel Against Their Elders
                                      13:57
                                      Popular Heroes
                                      14:22
                                      Bath Ruth
                                      14:37
                                      Charles Lindbergh
                                      15:08
                                      First Solo Non-Stop Flight
                                      15:20
                                      New Literature: Stream of Consciousness
                                      15:37
                                      Gertrude Stein
                                      15:59
                                      The Waste Land
                                      16:46
                                      Victorian Era Culture
                                      17:10
                                      Art and Architecture
                                      18:00
                                      Art Deco Style
                                      18:07
                                      Edward Hopper
                                      18:38
                                      George Gershwin
                                      18:51
                                      Automat
                                      19:43
                                      Gender Roles, Family and Education
                                      20:00
                                      Flappers
                                      21:02
                                      Influence of Sigmund Freud
                                      21:42
                                      The New Woman
                                      22:57
                                      The Women's Joint Congressional Committee
                                      23:38
                                      The League of Women Voters
                                      24:03
                                      Women in the 1920s
                                      24:32
                                      Pop Culture
                                      25:10
                                      Leisure Time in Rural and Urban Areas
                                      25:15
                                      The Jazz Singer
                                      25:33
                                      Tin Pan Alley
                                      26:20
                                      Fox Trot and Charleston
                                      26:33
                                      Harlem Renaissance
                                      26:40
                                      A Cultural Identity with African Roots
                                      26:53
                                      NYC's Harlem
                                      27:09
                                      New Negro
                                      27:30
                                      Marcus Garvey and UNIA
                                      28:25
                                      Garvey Advocated Black Separatism
                                      28:57
                                      Four Million Followers
                                      29:18
                                      Negro World
                                      29:27
                                      Mail Fraud
                                      29:50
                                      Prohibition and Crime
                                      30:13
                                      18th Amendment
                                      30:16
                                      Volstead Act
                                      30:46
                                      Lucrative Bootlegging Trade
                                      31:28
                                      The Noble Experiment
                                      31:43
                                      Drys
                                      32:06
                                      Wets
                                      32:10
                                      Bathtub Gin
                                      32:25
                                      Roaring Twenties
                                      32:58
                                      Nativism, Pluralism and Racism
                                      34:02
                                      Mass Media
                                      34:53
                                      National Origins Act
                                      35:43
                                      Birth of a Nation
                                      36:50
                                      Fundamentalism and Modernism
                                      37:40
                                      The Monkey Trial
                                      38:15
                                      The Trial of John T. Scopes
                                      38:42
                                      Example 1
                                      39:39
                                      Example 2
                                      41:58
                                      Example 3
                                      43:39
                                      Example 4
                                      45:07
                                      The Foreign Policy During the Interwar Years, The Great Depression and The First New Deal

                                      34m 4s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:09
                                      Foreign Policy in the 1920s
                                      0:48
                                      A Retreat to Isolationism
                                      1:09
                                      Expansion of New Markets
                                      1:14
                                      United Fruit Company
                                      1:47
                                      The Dawes Plan
                                      2:09
                                      Reparation Payment
                                      2:22
                                      Financial Problems on Both Sides of the Atlantic
                                      2:46
                                      1929 Stock Market Crash
                                      2:57
                                      The Pursuit of Peace
                                      3:42
                                      Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928
                                      4:22
                                      A Policy of Disarmament
                                      4:38
                                      League of Nations
                                      4:47
                                      The Causes of the Great Depression
                                      4:59
                                      Business Cycle
                                      5:36
                                      Black Thursday
                                      6:35
                                      The Agricultural Sector
                                      7:04
                                      THE GDP Fell
                                      7:22
                                      Weak Farm Economy
                                      7:42
                                      The Unequal Distribution of Wealth
                                      8:26
                                      Herbert Hoover
                                      8:52
                                      The Stock Market Crashed
                                      9:32
                                      Expand Public Works Spending
                                      9:44
                                      Reconstruction Finance Corporation
                                      9:49
                                      Hoover's Policies
                                      10:24
                                      Rugged Individualism
                                      10:35
                                      Hawley Smoot Tariff
                                      11:17
                                      The Revenue Act of 1932
                                      12:11
                                      The Scapegoat for the Depression
                                      12:25
                                      Debt Moratorium
                                      12:58
                                      Tough Times and Hoovervilles
                                      13:08
                                      Election of 1932
                                      14:02
                                      The Three Rs
                                      14:38
                                      A New Form of Liberalism
                                      14:57
                                      Social Welfare
                                      15:24
                                      Anti-Poverty Programs
                                      15:56
                                      The First Hundred Days
                                      16:19
                                      100-Day Long Special Session
                                      18:28
                                      Bank Holiday
                                      18:42
                                      Optimism of a Nation
                                      19:04
                                      Emergency Banking Act
                                      19:40
                                      Homeowners Loan Corporation
                                      19:52
                                      Glass-Steagall Act
                                      20:12
                                      Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
                                      20:20
                                      Alphabet Agencies
                                      20:32
                                      Federal Emergency Relief Administration
                                      21:06
                                      Work Relief Over Cash Subsidies
                                      21:22
                                      Inflationary
                                      21:41
                                      International Gold Standard
                                      22:15
                                      The Securities and Exchange Commission
                                      22:26
                                      The Banking Act of 1935
                                      22:38
                                      NIRA and NRA
                                      22:57
                                      National Industrial Recovery Act
                                      23:02
                                      National Recovery Administration
                                      23:08
                                      Government Approved Codes
                                      23:40
                                      Outlawed Child Labor
                                      24:00
                                      Other Programs
                                      24:21
                                      Public Works Administration
                                      24:29
                                      Civilian Conservation Corps
                                      25:33
                                      Tennessee Valley Authority
                                      25:58
                                      TVA
                                      26:25
                                      CCC
                                      26:45
                                      PWA
                                      27:11
                                      Example 1
                                      27:35
                                      Example 2
                                      29:55
                                      Example 3
                                      32:30
                                      The Second New Deal

                                      48m 10s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:05
                                      New Deal Under Attack
                                      1:21
                                      Liberty League
                                      1:49
                                      Schechter v. United States
                                      3:10
                                      Unconstitutional Codes Created by NIRA
                                      3:39
                                      Father Charles Coughlin
                                      4:31
                                      Father Francis Townsend
                                      4:54
                                      Senator Huey Long
                                      5:25
                                      Share Our Wealth Society
                                      5:37
                                      Critiques From the Left
                                      6:14
                                      The New Deal
                                      6:17
                                      Nationalization of Businesses
                                      7:25
                                      United States v. Butler
                                      7:35
                                      The Second New Deal
                                      7:45
                                      Townsend's, Coughlin's and Long's Programs
                                      8:12
                                      Works Progress Administration
                                      8:30
                                      The Labor Movement
                                      9:05
                                      The Promise of the New Deal
                                      9:17
                                      New Deal Murals
                                      9:48
                                      New Deal Programs
                                      10:12
                                      The Second New Deal
                                      10:50
                                      The National Labor Relations Act
                                      10:51
                                      National Labor Relations Board
                                      11:01
                                      Social Security Act
                                      11:15
                                      Categorical Assistance Programs
                                      11:47
                                      W.P.A
                                      12:29
                                      1936 Politics
                                      14:17
                                      Solid South
                                      14:36
                                      Judicial Reorganization Bill
                                      15:32
                                      The Wagner Act and SSA
                                      16:02
                                      New Economic Policy: Deficit Spending
                                      16:40
                                      John Maynard Keynes
                                      16:51
                                      Deficit Spendings
                                      16:55
                                      Purposeful Government Intervention
                                      17:23
                                      Ended the Great Depression
                                      18:01
                                      John Maynard Keynes
                                      18:34
                                      Economist
                                      18:43
                                      The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money
                                      18:46
                                      The Rise of Unions and the CIO
                                      18:53
                                      John L. Lewis
                                      19:25
                                      The Congress of Industrial Organization
                                      19:36
                                      One Union
                                      19:48
                                      Steel Workers Organize
                                      20:15
                                      Strikes
                                      20:32
                                      Collective Bargaining
                                      20:33
                                      Resisted Union Demands
                                      20:35
                                      Effects of the New Deal
                                      21:18
                                      Expansion of the Federal Bureaucracy
                                      21:20
                                      Steel Workers Organizing Committee
                                      21:47
                                      Fair Labor Standards Act
                                      22:25
                                      Effects and Eleanor Roosevelt
                                      23:32
                                      A Recession
                                      23:57
                                      Government Policy
                                      24:05
                                      Eleanor Roosevelt
                                      24:28
                                      Eleanor Roosevelt
                                      25:56
                                      The Postwar Era
                                      26:44
                                      My Day
                                      27:14
                                      Press Conferences for Female Reporters
                                      27:22
                                      Anti-Lynching Campaigns
                                      27:34
                                      The Right to Organize
                                      28:00
                                      Images of Eleanor Roosevelt
                                      28:26
                                      Supporters of New Deal
                                      29:34
                                      Activist Executive Branch
                                      29:44
                                      The First Female Cabinet Member
                                      30:23
                                      Indian Reorganization Act
                                      31:33
                                      Mary McLeod Bethune and Amelia Earhart
                                      32:04
                                      A Member of the Advisory Committee of the NYA
                                      32:14
                                      Lady Lindy
                                      33:00
                                      New Deal Critics
                                      33:21
                                      Unemployment Rate
                                      33:37
                                      The Federal Deficit
                                      33:57
                                      A Critical View
                                      34:57
                                      Discrimination of Minorities
                                      35:09
                                      Okies
                                      35:20
                                      Cesar Chavez
                                      35:39
                                      National Farmworkers Association
                                      36:22
                                      Chinese Exclusion Act
                                      37:06
                                      The Tydings-McDuffie Act
                                      37:18
                                      The Scottsboro Case
                                      37:45
                                      The Dust Bowl
                                      38:50
                                      Severe Drought
                                      38:55
                                      The Grapes of Wrath
                                      39:44
                                      Dust Bowl Map
                                      39:55
                                      Dust Cloud
                                      40:31
                                      Farmer and Family, Dust Bowl
                                      40:44
                                      Example 1
                                      41:03
                                      Example 2
                                      42:51
                                      Example 3
                                      44:36
                                      Example 4
                                      46:29
                                      World War II

                                      55m 16s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:05
                                      Isolationist Foreign Policy of 1930s
                                      1:13
                                      The Washington Conference
                                      1:28
                                      Stimson Doctrine
                                      2:48
                                      Kellogg-Briand Pact
                                      3:39
                                      Good Neighbor Policy
                                      4:10
                                      The Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
                                      4:43
                                      The Nye Commission
                                      5:10
                                      Investigation of the Munitions Industry
                                      5:16
                                      A Senate Committee
                                      5:32
                                      Non-Interventionist Movement
                                      6:14
                                      Neutrality Act
                                      6:17
                                      Quarantine Speech
                                      6:45
                                      Aggressive Militarism and Fascism Abroad
                                      7:03
                                      Treaty of Versailles
                                      8:17
                                      Lightening War
                                      9:40
                                      Withdrew from the League of Nations
                                      10:38
                                      Rome-Berlin Axis
                                      10:55
                                      Nazi Germany
                                      11:18
                                      Aggressive Militarism and Fascism Abroad
                                      11:39
                                      Ineffectiveness of League of Nations
                                      11:56
                                      Sinking of Panay
                                      13:13
                                      Appeasement
                                      13:32
                                      Before U.S. Enter War
                                      14:49
                                      Charles Beard
                                      15:11
                                      Four Essential Freedoms
                                      16:09
                                      Lend-Lease Act
                                      17:19
                                      The Atlantic Charter
                                      17:33
                                      “Four Freedoms” by Norman Rockwell
                                      18:10
                                      Attack on Pearl Harbor
                                      18:35
                                      The Bombing of Pearl Harbor
                                      18:46
                                      A Date Which Will Live in Infamy
                                      18:53
                                      Organizing for Total War
                                      20:03
                                      War Powers Act
                                      20:10
                                      War Production Board
                                      21:40
                                      Miracle Man
                                      21:02
                                      The Office of War Information
                                      22:11
                                      Wartime Propaganda
                                      22:33
                                      We Can Do It!
                                      23:04
                                      Large Scale Propaganda
                                      23:06
                                      Rosie the Riveter
                                      23:48
                                      Depression-Era Unemployment Disappeared
                                      24:34
                                      Unionized Jobs
                                      25:00
                                      Smith-Connally Labor Act
                                      25:05
                                      National War Labor Board
                                      25:18
                                      John Lewis
                                      25:31
                                      Internal Migration
                                      25:42
                                      Civil Rights Concerns
                                      26:12
                                      Negro Labor Relations League
                                      26:37
                                      Double V Campaign
                                      27:38
                                      A. Philip Randolph
                                      28:20
                                      League of United Latin American Citizens
                                      29:17
                                      Double V and Civil Rights
                                      29:32
                                      Effects on Minorities
                                      29:57
                                      The Status of Chinese Americans
                                      30:00
                                      Japanese immigrants
                                      30:08
                                      Zoot Suit
                                      31:33
                                      Japanese Internment
                                      32:26
                                      Executive order 9066
                                      32:34
                                      Korematsu v. United States
                                      33:34
                                      Ex Parte Endo Case
                                      33:51
                                      A Public Apology
                                      34:34
                                      Map of Relocation Camps
                                      34:47
                                      Manzanar Today
                                      35:21
                                      Instructions Posters
                                      35:49
                                      Major Military Events During WWII
                                      36:09
                                      Major Defeats on U.S. Forces
                                      36:18
                                      Battle of Coral Sea
                                      36:54
                                      Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower
                                      37:37
                                      General Douglas MacArthur
                                      37:30
                                      D-Day Invasion
                                      37:57
                                      Pacific Theatre
                                      38:15
                                      European Theatre
                                      39:25
                                      European Theatre, VE Day
                                      40:39
                                      The End of War in Europe
                                      41:46
                                      Final Solution of the Jewish Question
                                      41:58
                                      A War Refuge Board
                                      43:09
                                      United Nations
                                      43:35
                                      The Holocaust
                                      43:46
                                      Mass Extermination of Jews
                                      43:56
                                      Genocide of 6 Million Jews
                                      44:12
                                      In the Pacific
                                      45:36
                                      Island Hopping
                                      46:12
                                      Navajo Troops
                                      46:29
                                      Heavy Causalities
                                      46:39
                                      The Manhattan Project
                                      47:17
                                      Example 1
                                      47:50
                                      Example 2
                                      49:18
                                      Example 3
                                      51:00
                                      Example 4
                                      52:20
                                      The End of World War II and Cold War America

                                      51m 21s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:06
                                      The End of World War II
                                      1:48
                                      The Big Three Met at the Yalta Conference
                                      1:58
                                      Free and Unfettered Elections
                                      2:40
                                      Iron Curtain
                                      3:15
                                      2 Major Issues: Independence Movement in India
                                      3:49
                                      The Big Three
                                      4:48
                                      The Outcome of Yalta
                                      5:26
                                      Four Administrative Zones
                                      5:37
                                      United Nations Established That Would Have Security Council
                                      5:48
                                      Berlin Was Also Partitioned
                                      6:42
                                      Germany Divided Berlin Partitioned
                                      6:48
                                      FDR Dies and Truman as President
                                      7:14
                                      Franklin D. Roosevelt Couldn't Finish Presidency Term
                                      7:30
                                      Truman Took Over Presidency
                                      7:45
                                      Truman Chose to Use Bomb
                                      7:55
                                      Issued Warning to Surrender or Face Utter and Complete Destruction
                                      8:14
                                      Japanese Would Fight to Death Rather Than Surrender
                                      9:00
                                      Need Quick Way to End the War
                                      9:46
                                      Atomic Bomb
                                      10:12
                                      The Manhattan Project
                                      10:29
                                      Top-Secret Plan
                                      10:35
                                      J. Robert Oppenheimer
                                      10:44
                                      General Leslie Groves
                                      10:55
                                      First Atomic Bomb Successfully Tested
                                      11:05
                                      Other Factors that Influenced Truman
                                      11:17
                                      Potsdam with Stalin
                                      11:22
                                      U.S. Cryptographers
                                      12:02
                                      Why Did U.S. Decide to Flex It's Nuclear Muscle
                                      12:08
                                      The End of the War
                                      13:26
                                      U.S. Dropped Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima but No Japanese Response
                                      13:45
                                      Radiation Poisoning
                                      14:04
                                      Dropped a Second Atomic Bomb on Nagasaki
                                      14:39
                                      Emperor Hirohito Forced to Surrender
                                      14:51
                                      Peace Treaty
                                      15:10
                                      Number of Casualties
                                      15:20
                                      Postwar Devastation
                                      16:00
                                      The Cold War
                                      16:38
                                      What is the Cold War?
                                      16:56
                                      Two Countries Primarily Involved
                                      17:21
                                      Joseph Stalin
                                      17:43
                                      A Security Zone of Friendly Government
                                      17:54
                                      Yalta Conference: Sphere of Influence
                                      18:15
                                      No Move to Hold the Elections
                                      18:43
                                      Cold War in Europe
                                      19:01
                                      Potsdam Conference
                                      19:53
                                      President Harry Truman Decided U.S. Had to Take a Hard Line Against Soviet Expansion
                                      19:59
                                      Truman Took a Stance to Use Tough Methods
                                      21:14
                                      Allies Agreed to Disarm and Dismantle Germany
                                      21:57
                                      Baruch Plan
                                      22:11
                                      Baruch Plan
                                      22:27
                                      Failure of Baruch Plan
                                      22:37
                                      A Frenzied Nuclear Arms Race
                                      22:54
                                      Eastern Bloc Countries
                                      23:18
                                      Map of Eastern Bloc Areas
                                      23:19
                                      Winston Churchill
                                      23:32
                                      The Iron Curtain
                                      23:39
                                      George Kennan and Containment Policy
                                      24:24
                                      One of the First Policies: Containment Policy
                                      24:30
                                      U.S. Increasingly Perceived Soviet Expansion as a Threat
                                      24:42
                                      The Most Influential Proponent
                                      24:54
                                      Communist Guerrillas
                                      25:00
                                      Truman Doctrine
                                      25:30
                                      Large Scale Military and Economic Assistance
                                      25:40
                                      Domino Theory
                                      26:05
                                      Marshall Plan and Containment
                                      26:34
                                      Containment
                                      26:44
                                      Plan to Help Rebuild War-Torn Europe
                                      26:55
                                      Discontentment Encouraged the Communist
                                      27:09
                                      George Marshall and Economic Aid
                                      27:17
                                      Eastern Euros Refused Aid
                                      27:43
                                      Opposition in U.S. Congress
                                      27:50
                                      Motives of Marshall Plan
                                      28:21
                                      map of Czechoslovakia 1918-1992
                                      28:29
                                      Foreign Policy in Mid East
                                      29:16
                                      Zionist Leaders
                                      29:21
                                      Truman Recognized the State
                                      29:51
                                      Gamal Abdel Nasser Nationalizes the Suez
                                      30:04
                                      Arab Nationalism
                                      30:30
                                      Britain, France, Israel Attack Egypt
                                      30:41
                                      Berlin Airlift in 1948
                                      30:52
                                      Attempt to Push Out Allies
                                      31:30
                                      A Program of Economic Reform in West Berlin
                                      31:42
                                      A Symbol of Resistance to Communism
                                      31:52
                                      Containment in Asia
                                      32:45
                                      Civil War in China
                                      32:51
                                      Truman Attempted to Provide Funds
                                      33:14
                                      The People's Republic of China
                                      33:35
                                      Red China
                                      33:56
                                      Fall of China
                                      34:08
                                      Diplomatic Nonentity
                                      34:37
                                      The Korean War
                                      34:55
                                      Korean War, 1950-1953
                                      35:46
                                      The Map
                                      35:47
                                      Republican Challenge of Truman's Conduct of the War
                                      37:26
                                      Truman Fired MacArthur
                                      37:45
                                      An Armistice Was Signed and Korea was Divided
                                      37:56
                                      NATO and Warsaw Pact
                                      38:20
                                      Truman Era
                                      38:29
                                      Government and Consumer Spending
                                      38:42
                                      Civilian Production
                                      38:54
                                      The Office of Price Administration
                                      39:02
                                      Example: Strikes Closed Down Business in Numerous Cities
                                      39:29
                                      Backlash Against Unionism: Truman Ended a Strike by the United Mine Workers
                                      39:39
                                      Taft-Hartley Act
                                      40:03
                                      Taft-Hartley Act
                                      40:08
                                      Vetoed the Bill
                                      40:25
                                      The Secondary Boycott and Union Shop
                                      40:35
                                      Democrats Split
                                      40:46
                                      Henry Wallace
                                      40:55
                                      Strom Thurmond
                                      41:00
                                      Election of 1948
                                      41:09
                                      Domestic Issues During the Truman Era
                                      41:34
                                      The Fair Deal
                                      42:01
                                      New Deal's Liberalism
                                      42:11
                                      Possibility of a Higher standard of Living and Benefits for Americans
                                      42:46
                                      Liberal Consensus
                                      43:09
                                      The National Housing Act of 1949
                                      43:55
                                      What Was Blocked
                                      43:58
                                      Executive Order 9981 Ends Segregation in Military in July of 1948
                                      44:14
                                      Example 1
                                      44:35
                                      Example 2
                                      47:15
                                      Example 3
                                      48:50
                                      Section 8: Period 8: 1945-1980
                                      The Red Scare and The Eisenhower Years

                                      49m 4s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:07
                                      The Second Red Scare
                                      1:31
                                      The House of Un-American Activities Committee
                                      2:35
                                      The Movie Industry
                                      3:24
                                      Senator Joseph McCarthy
                                      5:01
                                      Alger Hiss and HUAC
                                      5:51
                                      Alger Hiss
                                      5:52
                                      Whittaker Chambers
                                      6:04
                                      Richard Nixon
                                      6:33
                                      Anti-Communist Hysteria
                                      6:51
                                      Anti-Communist Hysteria and McCarthyism
                                      7:24
                                      Resigned under Pressure
                                      8:29
                                      McCarran Internal Security Act
                                      9:17
                                      Investigate Subversion in the U.S. Army
                                      10:22
                                      Anti-Communism
                                      11:03
                                      The Red Scare
                                      12:33
                                      Protest of HUAC and “Red Channels”
                                      13:24
                                      Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
                                      13:49
                                      Julius
                                      14:09
                                      Electrocution
                                      14:17
                                      Dwight D. Eisenhower
                                      14:55
                                      Modern Republicanism
                                      15:42
                                      National Aeronautics and Space Administration
                                      17:29
                                      The New Look Army
                                      18:59
                                      Social Security
                                      19:32
                                      Termination
                                      19:47
                                      The Highway Act of 1956
                                      20:14
                                      A Broad Liberal Consensus
                                      20:47
                                      Promoted Tourism
                                      21:23
                                      Nuclear Missiles
                                      21:31
                                      The Space Race
                                      22:23
                                      The New Look in Foreign Policy
                                      23:35
                                      A Massive Nuclear Arsenal
                                      23:50
                                      U-2 Spy Plane
                                      25:03
                                      Hungarian Revolt
                                      25:45
                                      Containment the Third World
                                      25:59
                                      SEATO
                                      26:19
                                      A Coup of Arbenz
                                      27:38
                                      Proxy Wars
                                      28:15
                                      Domino Theory
                                      28:48
                                      Decolonization of the Third World
                                      28:52
                                      Containment in the Post-Colonial World
                                      30:06
                                      The Containment Policy
                                      30:17
                                      Failed to Recognize Indigenous or Nationalist Movements
                                      30:31
                                      Dictatorships or Repressive Right-Wing Regimes
                                      31:41
                                      U.S. Global Defense Treaties in Cold War
                                      32:23
                                      SEATO and The Role of the CIA
                                      33:07
                                      South Asia Treaty Organization
                                      33:20
                                      Central Intelligence Agency
                                      33:20
                                      Lebanon
                                      33:59
                                      Containment Policy
                                      34:10
                                      Overthrow Iran's Premier
                                      34:28
                                      Guatemala
                                      34:31
                                      Geneva Accords
                                      34:44
                                      Domino Theory
                                      35:07
                                      Military Industrial Complex
                                      35:30
                                      Eisenhower's Farewell Address
                                      35:46
                                      Military Industrial Complex
                                      35:46
                                      Military Industrial Map
                                      36:51
                                      Spending Graph
                                      37:31
                                      Example 1
                                      37:59
                                      Example 2
                                      40:44
                                      Example 3
                                      43:25
                                      Example 4
                                      46:00
                                      Postwar Prosperity and The 'Other' America

                                      51m 55s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:09
                                      Economic Realities
                                      2:08
                                      Huge Economic Growth
                                      2:15
                                      Postwar Boom
                                      2:53
                                      Defense Spending and Domestic Programs
                                      3:10
                                      Acceptance of Collective Bargaining
                                      3:23
                                      Rise in Gross Domestic Product
                                      3:52
                                      The Affluent Society
                                      4:01
                                      Or the “Other” America
                                      5:14
                                      U.S. Affluence
                                      5:22
                                      John Kenneth Galbraith
                                      5:37
                                      The Other America
                                      6:16
                                      Michael Harrington
                                      6:51
                                      Bretton Woods System
                                      7:06
                                      Third World Countries
                                      7:19
                                      The World Bank
                                      8:08
                                      The International Monetary Fund
                                      9:10
                                      Strongest Currency
                                      9:45
                                      General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
                                      10:00
                                      Fixed Exchange Rates
                                      10:17
                                      Economic Trends in the 1950s
                                      10:54
                                      Consolidation of Corporations Continued
                                      10:59
                                      Rise in Consumerism
                                      11:43
                                      General Electric
                                      12:24
                                      Suburban Living
                                      14:01
                                      Levittowns
                                      14:14
                                      Henry J. Kaiser
                                      15:09
                                      The Federal Housing Administration
                                      15:18
                                      Veterans Administration
                                      15:22
                                      Levittowns and Tract Housing
                                      16:13
                                      Negative Effects of Suburbanization
                                      16:34
                                      The Downside of Suburbanization
                                      16:52
                                      Restrictive Covenants
                                      18:03
                                      Shelley v. Kramer
                                      18:34
                                      Changing Demographics
                                      18:52
                                      Baby Boom! “Gotta Make Up for Lost Time”
                                      19:33
                                      Highway Expansion
                                      20:27
                                      National Interstate and Defense Highways Act
                                      20:33
                                      Mass Transit Systems
                                      20:39
                                      City “Life Belts” and Car Culture
                                      21:23
                                      The Emerging Civil Rights Movement
                                      21:53
                                      Civil Rights Challenges
                                      23:36
                                      The NAACP
                                      23:47
                                      Thurgood Marshall
                                      24:06
                                      Linda Brown
                                      24:23
                                      Brown v. Board of Education, 1954
                                      25:54
                                      Plessy case
                                      25:20
                                      Racial Segregation in Schools and other Public Facilities
                                      26:24
                                      Violates the 14th Amendment
                                      26:36
                                      “Massive Resistance” Against the Case
                                      27:33
                                      A Southern Manifesto
                                      28:08
                                      KKK
                                      28:41
                                      Governor Orval Faubus of AR
                                      28:47
                                      Southern Universities
                                      29:18
                                      Segregationists and the Little Rock Nine
                                      29:35
                                      Nonviolent Protest and Civil Disobedience
                                      30:31
                                      Rosa Parks
                                      30:38
                                      A Local Segregation Ordinance
                                      30:53
                                      A Boycott of Montgomery's Bus System
                                      31:16
                                      Social Critics: The Beats
                                      32:40
                                      Rejected Conventional Society
                                      33:10
                                      Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg
                                      33:40
                                      The Springboard for the Counterculture Movement
                                      33:49
                                      Be-Bop Jazz
                                      34:03
                                      Improvisational
                                      34:14
                                      Bebop Musicians
                                      35:06
                                      Other Culture Dissenters
                                      35:19
                                      Alienation from Mainstream Society
                                      35:22
                                      Abstract Expressionism
                                      35:30
                                      Jackson Pollock
                                      35:41
                                      Pop Art
                                      35:53
                                      Aspects of Mass Media
                                      36:05
                                      Mundane Cultural Objects
                                      36:10
                                      Andy Warhol
                                      36:14
                                      TV Culture and Rock and Roll
                                      36:33
                                      Television Sets
                                      36:39
                                      Rock and Roll
                                      37:09
                                      1950s: Conformity or Rebellion?
                                      38:53
                                      Women's Issues in the 1950s
                                      40:14
                                      Feminine Mystique
                                      40:41
                                      Motherhood
                                      41:16
                                      Glass Ceiling
                                      42:04
                                      The Feminine Mystique
                                      42:24
                                      Other Policies and Demographic Changes
                                      43:05
                                      Operation Wetback
                                      43:09
                                      Puerto Ricans
                                      43:36
                                      Second Migration
                                      44:04
                                      Immigration and Nationality Act
                                      44:28
                                      The Second Migration, 1940-1970
                                      44:52
                                      Other Demographic Changes
                                      45:15
                                      Inner Cities Declined
                                      45:25
                                      Suburban Affluence and the “Other America”
                                      45:30
                                      Example 1
                                      45:49
                                      Example 2
                                      46:42
                                      Example 3
                                      48:07
                                      Example 4
                                      50:33
                                      1960s, The Kennedy Years and The Liberal Consensus

                                      55m 17s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:07
                                      John F. Kennedy
                                      1:17
                                      The New Frontier Program
                                      1:51
                                      TV Debates
                                      3:13
                                      First Catholic President
                                      4:15
                                      Liberal Initiatives
                                      4:55
                                      Bay of Pigs
                                      5:19
                                      Funding for NASA
                                      6:19
                                      Alan Shepard
                                      6:49
                                      John Glenn
                                      6:56
                                      The Bay of Pigs Incident
                                      7:02
                                      U.S.-Cuban Relations
                                      7:39
                                      Castro Nationalized U.S. Owned Banks
                                      7:46
                                      CIA
                                      8:26
                                      Surrendered Within 24 Hours of Fighting
                                      9:24
                                      Cold War and Bay of Pigs
                                      9:43
                                      JFK: Cold Warrior
                                      10:06
                                      Turned to the USSR
                                      10:10
                                      The Berlin Wall
                                      10:29
                                      Cuban Missile Crisis
                                      11:05
                                      Nuclear Warfare
                                      11:41
                                      Flexible Response
                                      12:34
                                      The Civil Rights Movements Stirs
                                      13:58
                                      Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
                                      14:17
                                      CORE
                                      16:19
                                      Attorney General Robert Kennedy
                                      16:45
                                      Bull Connors
                                      17:12
                                      Freedom Rides Map
                                      17:41
                                      Notorious Police Brutality Under “Bull Connors”
                                      18:36
                                      Civil Rights Movement
                                      19:13
                                      Kennedy's Response
                                      20:08
                                      Promise Civil Rights Legislation Banning Discrimination in Public
                                      20:09
                                      Second Emancipation Proclamation
                                      20:32
                                      MLK Jr.'s Response
                                      21:49
                                      A Massive Civil Rights
                                      21:56
                                      I Have a Dream
                                      22:08
                                      Civil Rights in the 1960s
                                      22:50
                                      More Radical
                                      22:57
                                      Southern Senators
                                      23:16
                                      Birmingham
                                      23:27
                                      Black Nationalism
                                      23:43
                                      Black Separatism
                                      24:32
                                      Uncle Tom
                                      25:16
                                      Black Muslims
                                      26:44
                                      Malcolm X
                                      27:43
                                      Nation Justice
                                      28:43
                                      Hajj
                                      29:22
                                      Pan-African Unity
                                      29:44
                                      Black Power
                                      30:42
                                      Stokely Carmichael
                                      31:12
                                      Honorary Prime Minister
                                      32:26
                                      Pan-Africanist
                                      32:33
                                      Black Panthers
                                      33:03
                                      Cesar Chaves, Farm Workers and Chicanos
                                      34:04
                                      Chavez and Dolores Huerta
                                      34:25
                                      United Farm Workers
                                      34:48
                                      La Causa
                                      35:58
                                      Chavez, Huerta and UFW
                                      36:26
                                      MAPA, Chicano Movement, Brown Berets
                                      37:19
                                      Mexican American Political Association
                                      37:30
                                      Brown Berets
                                      38:00
                                      Chicano
                                      38:14
                                      Bilingual Education
                                      38:45
                                      American Indian Movement (AIM)
                                      39:46
                                      Red Power
                                      39:51
                                      A Siege at Wounded Knee
                                      40:40
                                      We Shall Remain
                                      41:20
                                      Peace Corps
                                      41:30
                                      Third World Countries
                                      41:47
                                      Agency for International Development and the Alliance of Progress
                                      42:06
                                      The Liberal Warren Court
                                      43:14
                                      Mapp v. Ohio
                                      43:55
                                      Gideon v. Wainwright
                                      44:03
                                      Escobedo v. Illinois
                                      44:12
                                      Miranda v. Arizona
                                      44:22
                                      Engel v. Vitale
                                      45:04
                                      Griswold v. Connecticut
                                      45:29
                                      Baker v. Carr
                                      45:53
                                      One Man, One Vote
                                      46:08
                                      Beginning of Vietnam War
                                      46:22
                                      Green Berets
                                      47:10
                                      A Military Coup
                                      47:20
                                      Assassination of John F. Kennedy
                                      48:07
                                      Lee Harvey Oswald
                                      48:17
                                      Lyndon B. Johnson
                                      49:33
                                      Example 1
                                      49:54
                                      Example 2
                                      51:47
                                      Example 3
                                      53:37
                                      Lyndon B. Johnson, Civil Rights, and The Vietnam War

                                      52m 54s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:09
                                      Lyndon B. Johnson
                                      1:55
                                      A Huge Expansions of Social Welfare Programs
                                      2:41
                                      The Civil Rights Act
                                      3:39
                                      Title VII
                                      4:01
                                      1964 Election
                                      4:58
                                      Lyndon B. Johnson
                                      5:52
                                      The Civil Rights Act
                                      6:10
                                      Expansion of Civil Rights Movement
                                      6:26
                                      A Voting Rights Act
                                      6:28
                                      Freedom Summer
                                      6:44
                                      15 Civil Rights Workers
                                      7:25
                                      From Selma to Montgomery
                                      7:32
                                      Freedom Summer
                                      7:49
                                      March in Selma
                                      9:10
                                      Bloody Sunday
                                      9:17
                                      The Voting Rights Act
                                      10:53
                                      The 24th Amendment's Outlawing of the Federal Poll tax
                                      11:35
                                      Voter Registration in the South
                                      12:00
                                      Watts Riots: “Burn Baby, Burn”
                                      12:40
                                      Voting Rights Act
                                      12:43
                                      Arrested a Young Black Motorist
                                      13:34
                                      Legislation During LBJ Years
                                      15:03
                                      War on Poverty
                                      15:45
                                      Long-Established Social Insurance Programs
                                      16:24
                                      The Office of Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
                                      16:57
                                      The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
                                      17:46
                                      Influential Books of the 1960s
                                      18:19
                                      War on Poverty
                                      20:02
                                      Legislation During LBJ Years
                                      20:43
                                      Medicare for the Elderly and Medicaid for the Poor
                                      20:47
                                      National Endowment for the Arts
                                      20:57
                                      The Highway Beautification Act
                                      21:15
                                      Wartime Inflation
                                      22:10
                                      10% Surcharge on Income Taxes
                                      22:18
                                      LBJ Escalates the Vietnam War
                                      23:18
                                      A Quagmire
                                      23:55
                                      The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
                                      24:40
                                      The Americanization of the War
                                      25:00
                                      Operation Rolling Thunder
                                      25:24
                                      US Soldiers in Vietnam
                                      26:06
                                      War of Attrition
                                      26:44
                                      U.S. Military Personnel in S. Vietnam
                                      26:57
                                      The Anti-War Movement
                                      27:16
                                      Public Opinion Turn Against the War
                                      27:22
                                      The Impact of the Television
                                      27:27
                                      Credibility Gap
                                      28:11
                                      Television War and Image of Vietnam War
                                      28:50
                                      The New Left Movement
                                      29:14
                                      Implement a Broad Range of Reforms
                                      29:22
                                      Students for a Democratic Society
                                      29:42
                                      Michigan
                                      30:05
                                      Port Huron Statement
                                      30:11
                                      Students for a Democratic Society
                                      30:21
                                      Tom Hayden
                                      30:25
                                      The Port Huron Statement
                                      30:27
                                      Free Speech Movement
                                      30:56
                                      The Selective Service System
                                      31:37
                                      Closed Down Induction Centers
                                      31:55
                                      Stop the Draft Week
                                      33:03
                                      The Siege on the Pentagon
                                      33:05
                                      National Organization of Women
                                      33:21
                                      Betty Friedan
                                      33:51
                                      Women's Rights and Equality
                                      33:57
                                      The Counterculture
                                      34:15
                                      Hippies
                                      35:07
                                      Pete Seeger and Bob Dylan
                                      35:41
                                      Acid Rock
                                      36:29
                                      Woodstock
                                      37:06
                                      Images of Woodstock
                                      37:15
                                      1968: A Watershed Year
                                      37:55
                                      Tet Offensive
                                      38:34
                                      My Lai Massacre
                                      39:08
                                      Antiwar Platform
                                      39:46
                                      Tet Offensive
                                      40:03
                                      1968
                                      40:20
                                      MLK was Assassinated
                                      40:23
                                      Robert F. Kennedy
                                      41:14
                                      RFK Assassination
                                      41:31
                                      Democratic Convention in Chicago
                                      41:45
                                      Democratic Convention 1968
                                      42:02
                                      Backlash: Conservatism
                                      42:26
                                      Protest and Dissent
                                      42:34
                                      George Wallace
                                      42:56
                                      Silent Majority
                                      42:39
                                      Richard Nixon Elected
                                      43:39
                                      Example 1
                                      44:23
                                      Example 2
                                      46:55
                                      Example 3
                                      49:53
                                      The Rise and Fall of Richard Nixon and The End of the Vietnam War

                                      35m 50s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:07
                                      Richard Nixon
                                      1:32
                                      Office of Price Administration in Washington
                                      1:50
                                      Republican Representative
                                      1:58
                                      Alger Hiss Case
                                      2:26
                                      Winding Down the Vietnam War
                                      2:33
                                      No-Win Situation
                                      3:26
                                      Cambodia
                                      3:42
                                      Withdrawing from the War
                                      4:24
                                      Vietnam War vets
                                      4:48
                                      Violence at Kent State University
                                      6:00
                                      Ohio
                                      6:16
                                      National Guard
                                      6:28
                                      Images of Kent State
                                      6:57
                                      Nixon's Trip to China and the Cold War
                                      7:16
                                      A Bold Move
                                      7:31
                                      A Policy of Diplomacy
                                      7:53
                                      Ping-pong Diplomacy
                                      8:25
                                      Detente
                                      8:55
                                      Vietnamization
                                      9:15
                                      Detente
                                      9:50
                                      Henry Kissinger
                                      10:15
                                      National Security Advisor
                                      10:22
                                      Realpolitik
                                      10:25
                                      Nixon and Brezhnev
                                      10:57
                                      Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
                                      11:08
                                      Antiballistic Missiles
                                      11:19
                                      ICBMS or SLBMS
                                      11:24
                                      The Silent Majority Speaks Out
                                      11:49
                                      Brown v. Board of Education
                                      12:48
                                      Miller v. California
                                      14:00
                                      Milliken v. Bradley
                                      14:36
                                      1972 Election
                                      15:02
                                      Disarray
                                      15:14
                                      George McGovern
                                      15:35
                                      Southern Strategy
                                      16:10
                                      George Wallace
                                      16:52
                                      Nixon and Civil Rights
                                      17:12
                                      Dixicrats
                                      17:24
                                      Warren Burger
                                      17:57
                                      Harry Blackmun
                                      18:24
                                      Domestic Policies
                                      18:38
                                      Inflation Problems and Economic Problems
                                      18:49
                                      Revenue Sharing
                                      19:14
                                      More Control of Where Federal Funding Allocated
                                      19:16
                                      Regulatory Laws Passed
                                      19:26
                                      Clean Air Act
                                      20:30
                                      Occupational Health and Safety Act
                                      20:33
                                      Water Pollution Control Act
                                      20:41
                                      Endangered Species Act
                                      20:50
                                      The Fall of Richard Nixon
                                      21:16
                                      Enemies
                                      21:57
                                      Imperial Presidency
                                      22:32
                                      Pentagon Papers
                                      23:06
                                      National Security
                                      23:45
                                      Theft, Conspiracy and Espionage
                                      25:06
                                      Nixon and the Plumbers
                                      25:11
                                      A Secret Special Unit
                                      26:18
                                      Illegal Campaigns
                                      25:31
                                      The Democratic National Committee Offices
                                      25:52
                                      Cover-up
                                      26:04
                                      The Tapes and the Cover-up
                                      26:23
                                      Illegal Deeds
                                      26:56
                                      Impeachment Hearings
                                      27:09
                                      First President to Resign
                                      27:23
                                      War Power Act
                                      27:37
                                      Reined in the Powers of President
                                      27:50
                                      Congressional Approval
                                      28:00
                                      Example 1
                                      28:45
                                      Example 2
                                      29:56
                                      Example 3
                                      33:01
                                      1970s, Ford and Carter

                                      44m 35s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:06
                                      Gerald Ford: President After Nixon Resigns
                                      1:19
                                      Stagflation
                                      2:02
                                      Whip Inflation Now
                                      2:06
                                      Highlights of Ford Presidency
                                      2:20
                                      Oil Embargo After Yom Kippur War
                                      2:47
                                      Politicized OPEC
                                      3:04
                                      Yom Kippur War
                                      3:19
                                      Declared Oil Embargo on U.S.
                                      3:34
                                      OPEC Oil Embargo
                                      3:50
                                      400% Increase in Oil Prices
                                      4:08
                                      Oil Price Shock
                                      4:14
                                      Long Lines at Gas Stations
                                      4:38
                                      Economic Decline
                                      4:59
                                      Japanese Cars
                                      5:08
                                      Speed Limit
                                      5:36
                                      Stagflation
                                      6:00
                                      Ford's Foreign Policy
                                      6:22
                                      Helsinki Accords
                                      6:28
                                      Limit Arms
                                      6:40
                                      Accused of Engineering the Assassination of Foreign Leaders
                                      6:53
                                      George Bush
                                      7:02
                                      Jimmy Carter, 1976-1980
                                      7:28
                                      Granted Amnesty
                                      8:43
                                      Domestic Challenges
                                      9:00
                                      Crisis in Confidence
                                      9:40
                                      Images of Jimmy Carter
                                      10:33
                                      Gas Shortages and Energy Crisis
                                      11:14
                                      Gas Prices Soared
                                      11:19
                                      Raise Taxes on Crude Oil
                                      11:55
                                      People's Lack of Faith in Government
                                      12:06
                                      Energy Consumption
                                      12:15
                                      Taking On Inflation
                                      12:40
                                      Paul Volcker
                                      12:47
                                      An End to Inflation
                                      12:52
                                      Three Mile Island
                                      13:01
                                      Nuclear Power Spill
                                      13:05
                                      No New Nuclear Plants
                                      14:09
                                      20% of all U.S. Power
                                      14:13
                                      Goldsboro, PA
                                      14:28
                                      Nervous Humor
                                      14:38
                                      Carter's Foreign Policy
                                      15:25
                                      Realism
                                      15:30
                                      Repressive Regimes
                                      15:36
                                      Panama Canal
                                      16:50
                                      Peace Talks between Sadat and Begin
                                      17:25
                                      The Women's Movement in the 1970s
                                      20:17
                                      Equal Rights Amendment
                                      20:27
                                      Ratification
                                      20:54
                                      A Reactionary Conservative Movement
                                      21:04
                                      States That Ratified ERA
                                      21:15
                                      Pro and Anti-ERA Marchers
                                      22:39
                                      Other Feminist Activities
                                      23:30
                                      Ms. Magazine
                                      24:19
                                      Gay Rights Movement
                                      25:32
                                      Stonewall Incident
                                      25:52
                                      Harvey Milk
                                      26:07
                                      Dan White
                                      27:03
                                      Rust Belt to Sun Belt
                                      27:12
                                      Demographic Changes Affect Politics
                                      28:26
                                      Latin America and Asia
                                      28:38
                                      1965 Immigration Law
                                      28:45
                                      The “Me Generation”
                                      29:06
                                      Self-Absorption
                                      29:13
                                      Huge Health Trend
                                      29:16
                                      Pop Culture
                                      29:42
                                      Televangelists and the New Right
                                      30:22
                                      Religious Right
                                      30:42
                                      A Constitutional Ban
                                      30:45
                                      Mandatory Death Penalty
                                      31:05
                                      The Bakke Case
                                      32:03
                                      University of California v. Bakke
                                      32:28
                                      Reverse Discrimination
                                      33:23
                                      Iran Hostage Crisis
                                      34:02
                                      The Iranian Revolution
                                      34:26
                                      Ayatollah Khomeini
                                      34:35
                                      66 U.S. Hostages
                                      35:02
                                      Economic Embargo and a Military Mission
                                      35:14
                                      Reagan's Inauguration
                                      35:26
                                      Images of Iran Hostage Crisis
                                      36:24
                                      Example 1
                                      36:53
                                      Example 2
                                      40:07
                                      Example 3
                                      42:04
                                      The Conservative Resurgence and The 1980s

                                      46m 5s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:07
                                      Free-Market Economics and Religious Conservatism
                                      1:13
                                      Anticommunism, Free-Market Economics and Religious Moralism
                                      2:25
                                      Regulatory Bureaucracy
                                      5:02
                                      PATCO Strikers
                                      5:55
                                      Supply-Side Economics
                                      6:34
                                      Reaganomics
                                      6:48
                                      Reducing Taxes and More Spending
                                      7:00
                                      Economic Recovery Act
                                      7:26
                                      Lowered Taxes
                                      7:30
                                      Images of Supply-Side Economics
                                      8:20
                                      Trickle Down Economics
                                      9:57
                                      Reaganomics
                                      10:32
                                      Reduced Income Tax Rates
                                      10:50
                                      Drop of the Highest Marginal Tax Rate
                                      11:04
                                      The Federal Deficit Increased
                                      12:07
                                      The Annual Federal Budget Deficit (or Surplus), 1940-2005
                                      12:33
                                      Presidential Landscaping
                                      13:11
                                      Budget Deficit
                                      13:17
                                      National Debt
                                      13:35
                                      The Savings and Loan
                                      13:54
                                      Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
                                      14:49
                                      Relations with the USSR Improve
                                      16:33
                                      Perestroika
                                      17:28
                                      Glasnost
                                      17:58
                                      Mr. Gorbachev, Tear Down This Wall
                                      18:23
                                      The Wall Comes Down in 1989
                                      18:57
                                      Reagan Aids Anticommunists and Israelis
                                      20:36
                                      A Right-Wing Government in El Salvador
                                      21:14
                                      Setbacks in the Middle East
                                      22:40
                                      Involvement in Latin America and Caribbean
                                      23:11
                                      Iran-Contra Affair and Scandal
                                      23:38
                                      Banned Sending Funds to the Contras
                                      24:25
                                      Oliver North
                                      24:46
                                      Iran-Contra
                                      25:08
                                      Foreign Policy After the Cold War
                                      26:26
                                      New World Order
                                      26:32
                                      War on Drugs
                                      27:09
                                      Disintegration of Yugoslavia
                                      27:30
                                      Social Issues
                                      28:01
                                      Sandra Day O'Connor
                                      28:35
                                      William Rehnquist
                                      28:59
                                      Roe v. Wade
                                      29:14
                                      Economic Changes
                                      29:46
                                      Service Oriented
                                      30:12
                                      Trade Imbalance
                                      30:18
                                      Widened Gap Between Rich and Poor
                                      30:36
                                      Apple Computers and Microsoft
                                      31:28
                                      The Income of Two-Wage Families Graph
                                      31:43
                                      Other Themes in the 1980s
                                      33:15
                                      Materialistic Values
                                      33:28
                                      AIDS Epidemic
                                      33:53
                                      Just Say No
                                      36:28
                                      Challenger Explodes
                                      36:50
                                      1987 March On Washington for Gay and Lesbian Rights
                                      37:15
                                      Example 1
                                      37:53
                                      Example 2
                                      40:57
                                      Example 3
                                      43:41
                                      Section 9: Period 9: 1980-present
                                      The End of the Cold War and a Global Society

                                      1h 6m 56s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:06
                                      Election of 1988
                                      1:40
                                      George H.W. Bush
                                      1:44
                                      Jesse Jackson
                                      2:00
                                      New World Order
                                      2:52
                                      Uprisings in China and Eastern Europe
                                      3:16
                                      Beijing's Tiananmen Square
                                      3:43
                                      Anticommunist Movement in 1989
                                      4:38
                                      Solidarity Movement
                                      4:50
                                      Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia
                                      5:07
                                      1989
                                      5:40
                                      Breakup of the USSR
                                      6:35
                                      Commonwealth of Independent States
                                      6:43
                                      Boris Yeltsin
                                      7:13
                                      Yugoslavia Disintegrated
                                      7:49
                                      CIS
                                      8:02
                                      Other Foreign Policy Issues
                                      9:16
                                      Invasion of Panama
                                      9:38
                                      Persian Gulf War
                                      10:11
                                      Operation Desert Storm
                                      10:13
                                      Vietnam Syndrome
                                      12:22
                                      Domestic Issues Under Bush
                                      12:49
                                      Budget Deficits
                                      13:52
                                      No New taxes
                                      14:10
                                      A Kinder Gentler America
                                      14:35
                                      The Changing Economy
                                      15:12
                                      Globalization
                                      16:37
                                      Multinational Corporations
                                      17:46
                                      North American Free Trade Agreement
                                      19:25
                                      The Rise of the European Union
                                      20:15
                                      European Union
                                      20:58
                                      Nike Factory in China
                                      21:51
                                      Productivity, Family Income, and Wages 1973-2004
                                      22:37
                                      Imports and Exports
                                      24:00
                                      Bill Clinton
                                      24:45
                                      The Election of 1992
                                      24:50
                                      National Health Care
                                      26:05
                                      Avoiding Expensive Social-Welfare Proposals
                                      27:38
                                      Aid to Families with Dependent Children
                                      27:53
                                      New Democrat
                                      28:05
                                      Clinton's Second Term
                                      28:17
                                      Foreign Policy Challenges
                                      29:52
                                      NATO Intervened
                                      30:01
                                      Air Strikes Against Al Qaeda
                                      30:39
                                      Technological Revolutions
                                      31:12
                                      Digitization
                                      31:26
                                      World Wide Web
                                      32:11
                                      Internet
                                      32:32
                                      Percentage of Americans Using Internet
                                      33:06
                                      The Annual Federal Budget Deficit (or Surplus), 1940-2005
                                      33:20
                                      Election of 2000
                                      34:32
                                      Vice President Al Gore
                                      34:43
                                      Florida
                                      35:04
                                      George W. Bush's Presidency
                                      36:00
                                      Economic Growth and Tax Relief Act of 2001
                                      36:13
                                      Federal Expenditures
                                      36:48
                                      War on Terror
                                      38:19
                                      9/11
                                      38:50
                                      Bush
                                      39:30
                                      USA Patriot Act
                                      40:32
                                      An Axis of Evil
                                      42:01
                                      Iraq
                                      43:22
                                      John Kerry
                                      44:19
                                      New Orleans
                                      45:09
                                      Economic Issues and 2008 Election
                                      46:30
                                      Significant Decline
                                      46:48
                                      Emergency Economic Stabilization Act
                                      48:35
                                      Barack Obama Wins in 2008
                                      49:17
                                      Remaking America
                                      51:07
                                      Economic Stimulus Package
                                      51:39
                                      Regulate Wall Street
                                      52:02
                                      American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
                                      52:18
                                      Don’t Ask. Don’t Tell Policy
                                      54:42
                                      Elena Kagan
                                      55:17
                                      New Immigrants
                                      55:31
                                      Example 1
                                      57:27
                                      Example 2
                                      1:00:08
                                      Example 3
                                      1:04:35
                                      Section 10: AP Practice Exam
                                      AP Practice Exam, Section I: Multiple Choice and Short Answer

                                      38m 33s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview of Exam
                                      0:12
                                      Multiple-Choice Section
                                      1:57
                                      What does It Include?
                                      2:10
                                      Background Information
                                      2:43
                                      Highlight
                                      3:20
                                      Completely Read the Question
                                      4:33
                                      Short-Answer Section
                                      4:49
                                      Four Questions
                                      4:54
                                      Complete Sentences
                                      4:58
                                      Thematic Learning Objectives
                                      6:20
                                      Sample AP U.S. History Test Answers
                                      7:05
                                      Multiple Choice Question 1
                                      9:07
                                      Multiple Choice Question 2
                                      9:35
                                      Multiple Choice Question 3
                                      10:05
                                      Multiple Choice Question 4
                                      10:27
                                      Multiple Choice Question 5
                                      10:56
                                      Multiple Choice Question 6
                                      11:18
                                      Multiple Choice Question 7
                                      11:48
                                      Multiple Choice Question 8
                                      12:16
                                      Multiple Choice Question 9
                                      12:42
                                      Multiple Choice Question 10
                                      13:08
                                      Multiple Choice Question 11
                                      13:40
                                      Multiple Choice Question 12
                                      14:03
                                      Multiple Choice Question 13
                                      14:30
                                      Multiple Choice Question 14
                                      14:59
                                      Multiple Choice Question 15
                                      15:24
                                      Multiple Choice Question 16
                                      15:49
                                      Multiple Choice Question 17
                                      16:23
                                      Multiple Choice Question 18
                                      16:47
                                      Multiple Choice Question 19
                                      17:09
                                      Multiple Choice Question 20
                                      17:41
                                      Multiple Choice Question 21
                                      18:02
                                      Multiple Choice Question 22
                                      18:19
                                      Multiple Choice Question 23
                                      18:49
                                      Multiple Choice Question 24
                                      19:11
                                      Multiple Choice Question 25
                                      19:32
                                      Multiple Choice Question 26
                                      20:02
                                      Multiple Choice Question 27
                                      20:23
                                      Multiple Choice Question 28
                                      20:50
                                      Multiple Choice Question 29
                                      21:11
                                      Multiple Choice Question 30
                                      21:40
                                      Multiple Choice Question 31
                                      22:13
                                      Multiple Choice Question 32
                                      22:33
                                      Multiple Choice Question 33
                                      22:55
                                      Multiple Choice Question 34
                                      23:27
                                      Multiple Choice Question 35
                                      23:49
                                      Multiple Choice Question 36
                                      24:11
                                      Multiple Choice Question 37
                                      24:32
                                      Multiple Choice Question 38
                                      24:57
                                      Multiple Choice Question 39
                                      25:23
                                      Multiple Choice Question 40
                                      25:50
                                      Multiple Choice Question 41
                                      26:18
                                      Multiple Choice Question 42
                                      26:44
                                      Multiple Choice Question 43
                                      27:09
                                      Multiple Choice Question 44
                                      27:36
                                      Multiple Choice Question 45
                                      28:02
                                      Multiple Choice Question 46
                                      28:20
                                      Multiple Choice Question 47
                                      28:39
                                      Multiple Choice Question 48
                                      29:08
                                      Multiple Choice Question 49
                                      29:39
                                      Multiple Choice Question 50
                                      30:03
                                      Multiple Choice Question 51
                                      30:28
                                      Multiple Choice Question 52
                                      30:50
                                      Multiple Choice Question 53
                                      31:07
                                      Multiple Choice Question 54
                                      31:32
                                      Multiple Choice Question 55
                                      31:50
                                      Short Question 1
                                      32:35
                                      Short Question 2
                                      34:20
                                      Short Question 3
                                      36:11
                                      Short Question 4
                                      37:18
                                      AP Practice Exam, Section II: Free Response

                                      29m 24s

                                      Intro
                                      0:00
                                      Overview
                                      0:10
                                      Free-Response Section: DBQ
                                      1:38
                                      Brainstorm and Jot Down What You Already Know
                                      2:20
                                      Highlighter
                                      2:57
                                      Use Outside Knowledge
                                      5:11
                                      Assess and Cite the Documents
                                      5:32
                                      Free-Response Section: Long Essay
                                      7:02
                                      Historical Thinking Skills
                                      7:20
                                      Thematic Learning Objectives
                                      7:42
                                      Include an Introduction
                                      8:04
                                      Supporting Evidence
                                      8:20
                                      Free-Response Section: DBQ
                                      8:25
                                      Introduction
                                      9:41
                                      Thesis
                                      9:44
                                      Body Paragraphs
                                      10:14
                                      Support With Evidence
                                      10:33
                                      Historical Phenomena
                                      10:49
                                      Synthesize the Above Components
                                      10:56
                                      Conclusion
                                      11:06
                                      Restate Thesis
                                      11:25
                                      Synthesize the Evidence
                                      12:02
                                      Sample Thesis
                                      12:16
                                      Document 1
                                      21:53
                                      Document 2
                                      22:13
                                      Document 3-7
                                      22:43
                                      Free-Response Section: Long Essay
                                      23:21
                                      Sample Thesis
                                      24:36
                                      Continuity Over Time
                                      25:37
                                      Change Over Time
                                      26:24
                                      Historical Thinking Skills and Use of Evidence
                                      27:36
                                      Conclusion and Analysis
                                      28:10
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