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U.S. Foreign Policy Under Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, and Woodrow Wilson

  • Teddy Roosevelt’s “big stick” policy: foreign policy in Latin America depended on strong military action to achieve U.S. goals
  • The justification: use U.S. leadership & help to maintain balance of power principles to “civilize” or “uplift” “weaker” nations
  • Roosevelt sent warships in to support Panamanian rebellion & Panama eventually declared its independence & U.S. took control of Panama “Canal Zone” & agreed to pay $10 million & annual rent of $250,000
  • Roosevelt Corollary: the U.S. would assume the role of police power, restoring order & depriving other creditors of the excuse to intervene (keep western hemisphere free of Euro. intervention)
  • Open Door Policy in China: The U.S. wanted access so they sent Secretary of State John Hay to seek trading opportunities w/China so it promised to respect Chinese sovereignty if they opened up trade opportunities for U.S.
  • Backlash against imperialism in China: the Boxer Rebellion
  • Tensions with Japan eventually led to Root-Takahira Agreement of 1900 that confirmed the status quo in the Pacific as well as the principles of free oceanic commerce & equal trade opportunity in China
  • Taft shifts to “dollar diplomacy” and Wilson pursues “moral diplomacy” in Latin America
  • The U.S. intervened to a certain extent during Mexican Revolution especially after Pancho Villa raided town of Columbus, NM, so Wilson responded by sending General John J. Pershing & 10,000 + troops into Mexico on a “punitive expedition” to punish Villa & his forces; they never caught Villa, however

U.S. Foreign Policy Under Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, and Woodrow Wilson

Lecture Slides are screen-captured images of important points in the lecture. Students can download and print out these lecture slide images to do practice problems as well as take notes while watching the lecture.

  1. Intro
    • Overview
      • Roosevelt's “Big Stick” Policy
      • Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick
        • The U.S. Builds the Panama Canal
        • The Panama Canal
        • Panama Canal
          • Roosevelt Corollary
          • Latin Americans' Reactions
          • U.S. Pursues Interests in China
          • Spheres of Influence
            • Chinese Response to Imperialism
            • Hay Reaffirms the Open Door Policy
            • Tensions Between U.S. and Japan Rise
            • Anti-Asian Backlash in the U.S.
            • Taft's Dollar Diplomacy
            • Woodrow Wilson Shifts the Foreign Policy
            • U.S. and Mexican Revolution
            • U.S. “Punitive Expedition”
            • Tension Were Brewing in Europe
            • Triple Alliance and Triple Entente
              • International Efforts for Peace
              • Example 1
                • Example 2
                  • Example 3
                    • Intro 0:00
                    • Overview 1:06
                    • Roosevelt's “Big Stick” Policy 2:21
                      • Strong Military Action
                      • Civilize or Uplift Weaker Nations
                      • Anglo-American Friendship
                    • Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick 6:45
                    • The U.S. Builds the Panama Canal 7:57
                      • Ferdinand de Lesseps
                      • Panama Route
                      • Declared its Independence
                      • Canal Zone
                    • The Panama Canal 9:52
                      • Commanding Commercial and Strategic Position
                      • Control Malaria
                      • Combat Several Tropical Diseases
                    • Panama Canal 11:24
                    • Roosevelt Corollary 11:47
                      • Age of Economic Imperialism
                      • Police Power
                    • Latin Americans' Reactions 14:34
                      • Aggressive Form with Mr. Roosevelt
                      • Sovereignty and Liberty of Nicaraguans
                    • U.S. Pursues Interests in China 16:10
                      • Spheres of Influence
                      • Secretary of State John Hay
                    • Spheres of Influence 19:05
                    • Chinese Response to Imperialism 20:24
                      • The Boxer Rebellion
                      • Western Devils
                      • U.S. and Japanese Troops
                    • Hay Reaffirms the Open Door Policy 22:26
                      • Support Chinese Students
                      • A Trade Relationship
                      • Scholarships for Chinese Students
                    • Tensions Between U.S. and Japan Rise 23:36
                      • The Spheres of Influence in China
                      • A Peace Treaty
                      • The Root-Takahira Agreement of 1900
                    • Anti-Asian Backlash in the U.S. 25:21
                      • Prejudice Against Asian-Americans
                      • Gentlemen's Agreement
                    • Taft's Dollar Diplomacy 27:18
                      • Increase U.S. Investments in Businesses
                      • The Rationale
                      • Chinese Revolution
                    • Woodrow Wilson Shifts the Foreign Policy 29:52
                      • Anti-Imperialist William Jennings Bryan
                      • Moral Diplomacy
                      • Agreement with Haiti
                      • Dominican Republic and Mexico
                    • U.S. and Mexican Revolution 32:43
                      • Caudillos and Coup d'etats
                      • Counsel Mexico for its Own Good
                      • Venustiano Carranza
                    • U.S. “Punitive Expedition” 35:50
                      • Francisco Poncho Villa and Emiliano Zapata
                      • Punitive Expedition
                    • Tension Were Brewing in Europe 37:55
                      • Triple Alliance and Dual Alliance
                      • Triple Entente
                      • The Apostle of Peace
                    • Triple Alliance and Triple Entente 40:13
                    • International Efforts for Peace 40:29
                      • Hague Peace Conference of 1899
                      • Erosion of the Nation's Sovereignty
                      • Cooling Off Treaties
                    • Example 1 41:32
                    • Example 2 43:33
                    • Example 3 46:03
                    Elizabeth Turro

                    Elizabeth Turro

                    U.S. Foreign Policy Under Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, and Woodrow Wilson

                    Slide Duration:

                    Table of Contents

                    Section 1: Period 1: 1491 - 1607
                    The First Americans

                    53m 30s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:06
                    “American” History?
                    3:12
                    Controversies with the Term, “America”
                    3:24
                    The Origin of the Term, “America”
                    4:10
                    The Peopling of the Americas
                    4:40
                    The Land Bridge Theory
                    6:33
                    How the First Americans come to the Continent
                    6:44
                    Evidence of the First Americans
                    7:50
                    The Three Major Waves of the First Americans
                    8:27
                    The First Wave
                    8:40
                    The Second Wave
                    8:50
                    The Third Wave
                    8:57
                    The Controversial of Kennewick Man
                    9:12
                    The Native Americans
                    9:47
                    The Three Sisters
                    9:50
                    The Effects of Agricultural Surplus
                    10:26
                    The Three Sisters
                    11:09
                    Mayas and Aztecs of Mesoamerica
                    11:57
                    Olmec Civilization
                    11:45
                    Subsequent
                    12:36
                    Mayan Society
                    12:52
                    Jaguar Temple in Tikal (Mayan Temple)
                    13:17
                    Mayan Calendar
                    15:11
                    Mayans
                    15:43
                    Priests Ruled Society
                    15:53
                    The Decline of the Mayan Civilization
                    16:03
                    Aztecs
                    16:40
                    Tenochtitlan
                    16:51
                    Aztec Priests and Warrior Nobles
                    17:12
                    Incas
                    17:39
                    Introduction of the Incas
                    18:06
                    Summary of Mayans, Aztecs and Incas
                    18:29
                    Map of Native American Cultural Areas
                    18:55
                    The Indians of the North of Rio Grande
                    20:15
                    Clan-Based and Egalitarian Society
                    20:36
                    Why the Indians did not Develop into an Advanced Group?
                    21:22
                    Self-Governing Tribes
                    22:28
                    Southwest Settlements
                    22:51
                    Hohokam, Anasazi, Pueblos
                    23:00
                    The Decline of the Southwest Settlements
                    23:47
                    Architectural Site of a Southwest Settlement
                    24:01
                    Underground Kivas of the Anasazi
                    24:05
                    Zunis, Acomas and Hopis
                    24:36
                    Artifacts From the Southwest
                    24:49
                    Lives of the Pueblo People
                    25:10
                    Ancient Apartment buildings of Anasazi and Petroglyph
                    25:42
                    Midwest Settlements
                    26:39
                    Adena-Hopewells
                    26:42
                    Cahokia
                    27:25
                    The Decline of the Mississippian Civilization
                    28:07
                    Muskogean and Algonquian Speaking Societies
                    28:18
                    Hopewell Mound
                    28:51
                    The Great Serpent Mound
                    29:07
                    The Culture of Mississippians
                    29:15
                    Animists
                    29:53
                    Northeast Settlements
                    30:33
                    Hunting and Farming-Based Society
                    30:48
                    Iroquois Confederation
                    30:57
                    Iroquois Women at Work, 1724
                    32:42
                    Matrilineal Society
                    33:27
                    Iroquois Creation Myth
                    33:38
                    Dominant Economic Activity
                    35:35
                    The “New World”
                    36:27
                    Example 1
                    37:26
                    Example 2
                    43:15
                    Example 3
                    44:44
                    Example 4
                    50:59
                    Interactions of Europeans, Native Americans and Africans

                    55m

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:50
                    Europeans Encounters Africans and the Americans 1450-1550
                    2:51
                    European Agricultural Society - Yeomen
                    3:42
                    Hierarchical Social Order
                    4:39
                    Hierarchy
                    4:59
                    Inheritance and Religious Influences
                    5:32
                    Dower and Primogeniture
                    5:33
                    Religious Influences
                    6:00
                    Importance of Religious History
                    6:43
                    Pagans and Animists
                    6:53
                    Crusades
                    7:20
                    Christian Identity of Europeans
                    7:56
                    Absorption of Arab Knowledge
                    8:08
                    The Renaissance and The Age of Exploration
                    8:57
                    The Black Death
                    9:16
                    The Renaissance
                    9:34
                    Improvements in Technology
                    11:15
                    Prince Henry the Navigator
                    11:51
                    Gunpowder
                    13:00
                    West Africa and the Mediterranean in the 15th Century
                    13:50
                    Sea of Darkness
                    14:28
                    Madeira and Azore Islands
                    14:47
                    The Development of the Slave Trade System
                    15:00
                    Trade Routes in the Sub-Saharan Region
                    15:21
                    Trade Routes in the Globe
                    16:45
                    West African Society and Slavery
                    17:31
                    Geographical Location
                    18:21
                    Trading of Goods
                    18:50
                    Languages
                    19:22
                    Spiritual Beliefs
                    20:01
                    Effects of European Traders
                    20:16
                    Europeans and Africans Trade
                    20:56
                    Vasco da Gama
                    21:28
                    Slave Trade
                    22:00
                    War Captives and Criminals
                    23:15
                    Portuguese Traders and Slavery
                    24:19
                    Elmina, Foree, Mpinda and Loango
                    24:30
                    Sugar Plantations
                    25:13
                    Shipping to the America
                    25:56
                    Europeans Explore America
                    26:19
                    Spanish Monarchs, King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabel of Castile
                    26:26
                    Arranged Marriage
                    26:52
                    The Capture of Granada
                    27:33
                    Ferdinand and Isabella
                    27:42
                    Christopher Columbus
                    27:58
                    Two Goals
                    28:26
                    Christopher Columbus
                    28:47
                    Native Inhabitants
                    29:12
                    The Three Expeditions
                    29:31
                    Colonization of the West Indies
                    30:22
                    Amerigo Vespucci
                    30:40
                    The Spanish Conquest
                    31:02
                    Reconquista
                    31:18
                    Hernan Cortes
                    31:37
                    Moctezuma
                    31:50
                    Superior European Military Technology
                    32:11
                    Conquistadors and Disease
                    32:44
                    Francisco Pizarro
                    33:30
                    Conquistadors and Encomiendas
                    33:43
                    Columbian Exchange Map
                    34:52
                    Columbian Exchange
                    36:20
                    The Definition of Columbian Exchange
                    36:21
                    The Gold and Silver from Aztecs
                    36:46
                    Spanish Colonization of Americas
                    37:15
                    Spaniards Migration
                    37:22
                    Mestizo Population
                    37:51
                    Effects of Spanish Conquest
                    38:27
                    Introduction of Pigs
                    38:36
                    Steel Weapons
                    38:48
                    Smallpox
                    38:57
                    European Treatment of Native Americans
                    39:20
                    “Inferiority”
                    39:35
                    Spanish Policy
                    40:25
                    Latin American Social Hierarchy
                    41:21
                    Las Casas and Missionaries
                    42:20
                    Bartolome de Las Casas
                    43:06
                    In Defense of the Indians
                    43:10
                    Enslavement of Africans
                    43:58
                    Example 1
                    44:32
                    Example 2
                    47:45
                    Example 3
                    49:56
                    Example 4
                    52:21
                    The Protestant Reformation, Early Dutch and British Colonization and The Price Revolution

                    45m 42s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:10
                    The Protestant Reformation (Early 16th Century) and the Rise of England
                    2:00
                    Protestant Reformation
                    3:33
                    Spain's Loss of its Position
                    4:16
                    The Protestant Movements and Religious Conflicts
                    4:23
                    Religious Wars
                    4:32
                    Protestant Nations
                    4:49
                    Catholic Church
                    5:02
                    Martin Luther
                    5:16
                    Martin Luther
                    5:47
                    Grace
                    6:07
                    Dismissed the Need for Priests
                    6:24
                    Bible as the Ultimate Authority
                    6:48
                    Peasants' Social Protests
                    7:11
                    The Peace of Augsburg
                    7:30
                    John Calvin and Calvinism
                    7:58
                    Calvinism
                    8:50
                    Institutes of the Christian Religion and Predestination
                    9:13
                    The Chances of Salvation
                    9:33
                    The New Creed
                    9:49
                    The Anglican Church
                    10:09
                    The Presbyterian Church
                    11:15
                    Puritans
                    11:33
                    Religious Diversity in Europe, 1600
                    11:53
                    Radical Religious Groups
                    13:09
                    Migration to America
                    13:57
                    The Dutch and English Challenge Spain
                    14:32
                    John Cabot
                    15:12
                    King Philip II of Spain
                    15:46
                    Dutch (Holland)
                    16:05
                    Queen Eliz. I
                    16:28
                    Holland on the Rise
                    17:17
                    The Spanish Armada
                    17:48
                    Philip II
                    18:12
                    The Rise of the Dutch
                    18:48
                    Henry Hudson
                    18:58
                    Amsterdam
                    19:55
                    West India Company
                    20:28
                    Furtrading Colony of New Netherland
                    20:42
                    Dutch Colonies and Hudson River Valley
                    21:22
                    Mercantilism
                    22:01
                    Parliamentary Policies
                    23:36
                    Enrichment of Britain
                    23:48
                    Mercantilist Policies
                    24:48
                    Rise of Economy
                    24:50
                    Queen Eliz
                    25:48
                    The Domestic English Textile Industry
                    26:11
                    Merchant-Oriented Policies
                    26:48
                    Triangular Trade
                    27:00
                    Complex View of the Atlantic Trade System
                    28:05
                    The Social Causes of English Colonization
                    28:57
                    Merchant Fleets and Manufactures
                    29:26
                    Price Revolution
                    29:39
                    Creating Representative Government
                    30:08
                    Price Revolution Graph
                    30:36
                    Price Revolution
                    31:10
                    Expansion of the Textile Industry
                    31:21
                    Indentured Servants
                    31:58
                    A New Collision
                    33:00
                    Example I
                    33:21
                    Example II
                    36:43
                    A Comparison of Colonization and Settlement Patterns

                    57m 28s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:10
                    Spanish Settlements in North America
                    1:46
                    Spanish Adventurers
                    1:50
                    Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
                    3:02
                    Hernan de Soto
                    4:45
                    St Augustine
                    5:24
                    Spanish Exploration in North America
                    5:38
                    St. Augustine
                    8:00
                    Indian Attacks and Spanish Response
                    8:49
                    Comprehensive Orders of New Discoveries
                    9:10
                    Pacification of Indians
                    9:48
                    Franciscan Friars
                    10:38
                    Images Related to Spanish Colonization
                    12:13
                    San Antonio Mission
                    12:29
                    Pope
                    13:29
                    Native American Response to Spanish Policies
                    14:28
                    Attitude towards Franciscans
                    14:39
                    Sante Fe
                    16:03
                    Pueblo Revolt
                    16:23
                    Pueblos Joining the Spaniards
                    18:15
                    What did Spain Achieve?
                    19:05
                    Settled San Diego and San Francisco
                    19:50
                    Development of the Rigid Class System
                    20:17
                    New Spain
                    22:21
                    Spanish Class System
                    22:51
                    The French Explore and Settle in North America
                    24:20
                    Giovanni da Verrazano
                    24:30
                    Voyages of Jacques
                    25:33
                    Quebec
                    26:20
                    Louisiana
                    27:42
                    Fur trade and Relations with Native Americans
                    28:09
                    The Hurons
                    28:20
                    Devastating Indian Wars
                    30:22
                    The New York Iroquois
                    31:30
                    The Confederation of Five Nations
                    31:43
                    Iroquois Five Nations
                    32:07
                    The French Also Sought Converts
                    32:30
                    The Needs of the Indians
                    33:20
                    Threat to Native Population
                    33:48
                    The Dutch Explore and Settle in North America
                    34:29
                    Joint-Stock Company
                    36:14
                    The Town of New Amsterdam
                    38:01
                    Encouragement of Migration
                    38:25
                    New Amsterdam, Dutch Style, Fort-Like Trading post
                    39:08
                    New Amsterdam
                    39:42
                    Fort Orange
                    39:46
                    Taverns Outnumbered Churches
                    40:10
                    Seizing Farming Land
                    41:11
                    Welcoming Settlers from Other Nations
                    42:31
                    The Brits Take Over and Rename the Settlement New York
                    43:07
                    Ignoring the Requests for Representative Government
                    43:18
                    Second Anglo-Dutch War
                    44:08
                    The Duke of York
                    44:17
                    Hudsob River and Dutch Colonies in Green
                    45:35
                    New York Divided and New Jersey is Formed
                    46:12
                    Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret
                    46:50
                    East and West Jersey
                    47:03
                    Quakers
                    48:22
                    Queen Anne
                    48:38
                    Example 1
                    49:10
                    Example 2
                    54:24
                    England's Tobacco Colonies, Jamestown, Bacon's Rebellion

                    55m 26s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:09
                    Areas Colonized by 1660
                    0:45
                    Early British Ventures in North America and Roanoke Island
                    1:48
                    Sir Humphrey Gilbert
                    2:20
                    Sir Ferdinando Gorge
                    2:57
                    Sir Walter Raleigh
                    3:20
                    Croatoan
                    3:57
                    The Chesapeake Colonies
                    4:51
                    Populous Colonies
                    4:59
                    Indentured Servants
                    5:27
                    Virginia
                    6:49
                    Jamestown
                    7:14
                    Virginia Company
                    7:16
                    Corporate Colony
                    8:44
                    Harsh Life
                    8:57
                    Finding Gold
                    9:51
                    The Man, the Myth, the Legend
                    10:17
                    Powhatan and Captain John Smith
                    11:51
                    Powhatan
                    12:06
                    Opechancanough
                    13:12
                    Captain Smith
                    14:22
                    Powhatan and Pocahontas
                    15:37
                    Marriage
                    16:03
                    Introduction of Tobacco
                    16:59
                    Jamestown Government
                    17:58
                    The “Starving Time” and Tobacco
                    18:35
                    Disease and Famine
                    19:27
                    Cannibalism
                    19:32
                    Brown Gold
                    20:05
                    The VA Company Encourages Settlement
                    20:40
                    Headright System
                    20:50
                    House of Burgesses
                    21:57
                    Backlash of Powhatan
                    22:51
                    War led by Opechancanough
                    23:40
                    Indian Fields seized by the English
                    24:15
                    Virginia Becomes a Royal Colony
                    24:40
                    A Royal Colony
                    25:05
                    The Church of England
                    26:23
                    Maryland Is Established
                    26:37
                    George Calvert
                    27:02
                    A Safe Haven for Catholics
                    28:09
                    Cecil Calvert Takes Over
                    28:54
                    Cecil Calvert
                    28:58
                    An Act of Toleration
                    29:51
                    Protestant Revolt
                    31:33
                    Hard Times and Labor Shortages
                    31:52
                    Raising Prices of Exports
                    32:55
                    Sir William Berkeley
                    34:11
                    Nathaniel Bacon
                    34:43
                    Bacon's Rebellion
                    35:17
                    Building Frontier Forts
                    36:02
                    Berkeley Arrested Bacon
                    36:47
                    Political Reforms and Restoring the Rights of Voting
                    37:15
                    Nathaniel Bacon and the Site That His Followers Occupied
                    37:36
                    Aftermath and Effects of Bacon's Rebellion
                    37:49
                    Manifesto and Declaration of the People
                    37:58
                    Sharp Class Difference
                    38:15
                    Early Indication of Colonial Resistance
                    39:38
                    The First African Workers Arrive and Slavery Supplants Indentured Servitude
                    40:12
                    The First African Workers
                    40:18
                    English Common Law
                    41:24
                    Lowering the Status of Africans
                    42:23
                    Analyzing Primary Sources
                    43:46
                    Example 1
                    44:26
                    Example 2
                    48:05
                    Example 3
                    51:10
                    Example 4
                    51:59
                    Section 2: Period 2: 1607 - 1754
                    Puritan New England, The Pequots And Metacom's Rebellion

                    1h 3m 53s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:09
                    Puritan Migration
                    1:20
                    Pilgrim Separatists Sail to North America
                    2:29
                    Elizabeth I
                    2:47
                    Separatists
                    4:10
                    Mayflower
                    4:20
                    The Mayflower and Pilgrims
                    5:25
                    64-Day Voyage
                    5:43
                    Pilgrims
                    6:00
                    The Mayflower Compact
                    6:35
                    Self-Government
                    7:12
                    Just and Equal Laws
                    8:06
                    Grim Conditions for the Pilgrims at Plymouth
                    9:55
                    William Bradford
                    10:28
                    The Local Wampanoag Tribe
                    11:12
                    Thanksgiving Holiday
                    12:59
                    Puritans Arrive in MA Bay Colony in 1630
                    14:00
                    Arabella
                    14:13
                    John Winthrop
                    14:18
                    More Puritans Follow the Pilgrims
                    16:15
                    The Anglican Church
                    16:28
                    Massachusetts Bay Colony
                    17:19
                    Joint-Stock Corporation
                    17:53
                    Puritan Governance and Society
                    19:19
                    John Winthrop
                    19:24
                    Holy Commonwealth
                    20:30
                    Creation of the Theocracy
                    21:19
                    The Role of Church and the Bible
                    22:16
                    Pious, Patriarchal Puritans
                    23:57
                    Patriarchal Society
                    24:57
                    Predestination
                    26:04
                    Three Ways to Deal With Uncertainties
                    26:40
                    Puritan Dissenters
                    27:21
                    Roger Williams
                    28:05
                    Anne Hutchinson
                    29:34
                    Antinomianism
                    30:42
                    More Dissent and New Colonies
                    31:24
                    Thomas Hooker
                    31:40
                    The Fundamental Orders
                    31:51
                    Puritanism and Witchcraft
                    33:21
                    Witchcraft
                    37:45
                    European Enlightenment
                    39:16
                    Puritans Value Education
                    39:53
                    Puritan Law
                    40:19
                    Harvard College
                    40:32
                    Tight-Knit Yeoman Society
                    41:14
                    Town Meeting
                    42:42
                    Proprietors
                    43:51
                    A Socioeconomic Hierarchy
                    44:22
                    Puritan Town and Village Map
                    44:45
                    Halfway Covenant
                    46:03
                    Clergy
                    46:30
                    New England Congregationalists
                    46:46
                    Partial Church Members
                    47:25
                    Map of Algonquian Peoples In MA
                    48:17
                    Puritans and Pequots
                    49:36
                    Pequot Warriors
                    50:00
                    Savages
                    50:32
                    Praying Towns
                    51:12
                    The Wampanoag and Metacom's Rebellion
                    51:40
                    Peaceful Relations with Wampanoag
                    51:50
                    Metacom
                    52:47
                    The White Settlements
                    53:20
                    Losses of the Rebellion
                    54:15
                    Metacom
                    55:24
                    Example 1
                    56:06
                    Example 2
                    59:10
                    Example 3
                    1:01:13
                    The British Empire in North America, Part I

                    1h 3m 58s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:08
                    Restoration Colonies
                    1:43
                    Charles II
                    2:17
                    South and North Carolina
                    2:49
                    Feudal Manors
                    3:13
                    Map
                    4:49
                    Georgia Founded Later in 1732
                    5:55
                    A Buffer
                    6:10
                    James Oglethorpe
                    6:20
                    Charles II Grants Proprietorships
                    7:58
                    A Gentry Class
                    8:41
                    Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina
                    9:25
                    The Carolinas
                    10:15
                    Rebellion of the English Quakers
                    10:40
                    South Carolinians
                    11:58
                    Pennsylvania
                    13:15
                    William Penn
                    14:48
                    Inner Light
                    15:08
                    Church Services
                    16:14
                    William Penn
                    17:00
                    The Society of Friends
                    17:35
                    Holy Experiment
                    18:04
                    City of Brotherly Love
                    18:17
                    Pennsylvania's Frame of Government
                    18:36
                    Guaranteed Religious Freedom
                    19:32
                    Persecuted Protestants
                    20:50
                    Political Factionalism
                    21:53
                    The British Increase Pressure on the Colonies
                    22:52
                    Navigation Act in 1651
                    24:19
                    Navigation Act in 1660
                    25:56
                    Navigation Act in 1663
                    26:30
                    English Domination of Commerce
                    27:02
                    The Revenue Act of 1673
                    27:22
                    Commercial Wars
                    27:58
                    A Punitive Legal Strategy
                    28:57
                    Divine Right
                    30:10
                    The Dominion of New England
                    30:46
                    The Dominion
                    31:11
                    Sir Edmund Andros
                    31:42
                    English Law and Customs
                    32:53
                    Excerpts From the Commission of Sir Edmund Andros
                    33:20
                    Imposing Levy Rates and Taxes
                    33:44
                    Executing Martial Law
                    34:22
                    Britain's American Empire in 1713
                    34:45
                    Dominion of New England and Sir Edmund Andros
                    37:27
                    The Glorious Revolution and Its Effects
                    38:30
                    Glorious Revolution
                    38:56
                    Mary and Williams of Orange
                    39:12
                    Constitutional Monarchs
                    39:28
                    The English Bill of Rights in 1689 and the Enlightenment
                    41:43
                    The English Bill of Rights
                    41:50
                    British Parliament
                    42:05
                    Two Treatises of Government
                    42:59
                    The Leviathan Absolutist State
                    44:28
                    The Demise of the Dominion of New England
                    46:03
                    Broke Up of the Dominion of New England
                    46:42
                    A New Royal Colony
                    47:06
                    The Restoration of Internal Self-Government
                    47:59
                    Board of Trade
                    48:16
                    Example 1
                    48:54
                    Example 2
                    51:29
                    Example 3
                    54:36
                    The British Empire in North America, Part II

                    1h 58s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:06
                    Imperial Wars and Native People
                    3:13
                    Carolinas Armed with the Creek
                    3:50
                    Fighting in the North
                    5:03
                    The Abenakis and Mohawks
                    5:08
                    Aggressive Neutrality
                    6:09
                    Treaty of Utrecht
                    6:37
                    Western Indian Trade
                    7:03
                    Britain's Supremacy
                    7:24
                    The Imperial Slave Economy
                    7:40
                    The South Atlantic System
                    7:53
                    The Sugar Plantations
                    9:27
                    Sugar Revolution
                    10:09
                    Most Profitable Crop
                    10:21
                    Negative Effects
                    11:06
                    Africa, Africans and the Slave Trade
                    12:03
                    Changing the West African Society
                    12:36
                    Benin
                    13:02
                    The Imbalance of the Sexes
                    13:33
                    Slave Trade
                    14:00
                    Middle Passage
                    15:09
                    Slavery in the Chesapeake and SC
                    17:58
                    A Slave Society
                    18:10
                    An African American Community
                    20:28
                    The Gullah Dialect
                    21:06
                    A Black Majority Emerges in South Carolina
                    21:50
                    Images of Slavery
                    22:40
                    Resistance and Accommodation
                    26:34
                    Drastic Limits on African Americans
                    26:45
                    Slave Protests
                    27:35
                    Stono Rebellion of 1739
                    29:24
                    Stono Rebellion
                    29:58
                    The Emergence of the Southern Gentry
                    30:49
                    Patriarchal Society
                    31:03
                    The Planter Elite
                    31:08
                    Owning a Slave
                    32:33
                    Gentility
                    33:41
                    Gentility
                    33:46
                    The Profits of the South Atlantic System
                    34:42
                    The Northern Urban Shipbuilding Economy
                    35:01
                    Bills of Exchange
                    35:48
                    Shipbuilding and the Distilling of Rum
                    36:33
                    Commerce in Lumber and Shipbuilding
                    36:55
                    Wealthy Landowners and Merchants
                    37:13
                    The Rise of Colonial Assemblies
                    37:55
                    Ruling With Gentle Hand
                    37:13
                    American Representative Assemblies
                    39:02
                    The Rising Power of the Colonial Assemblies
                    39:20
                    The Power of the People Began to Grow
                    40:18
                    Crowd Actions
                    40:22
                    Representative Political Institutions
                    40:33
                    Salutary Neglect
                    41:07
                    Constitutional Monarchism
                    42:07
                    The Prime Minister
                    42:50
                    Radical Whigs
                    43:07
                    Faction
                    43:12
                    Incompetent Royal Bureaucracy
                    43:41
                    Walpole
                    44:24
                    Navigations Act
                    44:34
                    A Degree of Independence
                    44:44
                    Walpole's Concerns
                    45:04
                    War Against Spain
                    45:29
                    War of Jenkin's Ear
                    46:30
                    War of Austrian Succession
                    46:52
                    The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
                    48:36
                    The America Economic Challenge
                    49:04
                    Navigations Act
                    49:07
                    The Molasses Act of 1733
                    49:52
                    The Currency Act
                    50:20
                    Example 1
                    51:48
                    Example 2
                    55:42
                    Example 3
                    59:52
                    Freehold New England and Diverse Middle Colonies

                    32m 29s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:08
                    Freehold Society in New England
                    1:03
                    Freeholders
                    2:25
                    Women and the Rural Household
                    2:42
                    Patriarchal Society
                    3:06
                    Farm Property and Inheritance
                    4:58
                    Laborer to Freeholder
                    5:39
                    Women Relinquished Ownership
                    6:43
                    Whole Communities
                    7:25
                    Challenges for Freehold Society
                    7:30
                    Double of the NE Population
                    7:44
                    Families' Petition
                    8:56
                    Livestock Economy
                    10:15
                    Preserving the Freehold Ideal
                    10:28
                    The Hudson River Manors
                    10:49
                    The Middle Atlantic Colonial Society
                    12:23
                    Grain Exports
                    13:07
                    The Hudson River Valley
                    13:56
                    Rural Pennsylvania and New Jersey
                    14:45
                    Economic Changes in Mid Atlantic
                    15:03
                    Social Division
                    15:17
                    “Outwork” Manufacturing System
                    15:42
                    Cultural and Religious Diversity
                    16:13
                    Cultural Diversity: Quakers and Germans
                    18:47
                    Preserving Cultural Identities of Migrants
                    19:02
                    German Cultural Heritage
                    20:25
                    Scots-Irish
                    20:39
                    Movement of Scots-Irish
                    20:50
                    Presbyterian Faith
                    21:28
                    Religious Identity and Political Conflict
                    21:52
                    Demanding a More Aggressive Indian Policy
                    22:15
                    Opposition to the Quakers
                    22:51
                    Economic and Demographic Changes in Mid Atlantic
                    24:18
                    Example 1
                    25:51
                    Example 2
                    28:00
                    Example 3
                    29:38
                    The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening in America

                    44m 4s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:07
                    The Enlightenment
                    3:04
                    The Age of Reason
                    3:33
                    Empirical Research and Scientific Reasoning
                    5:25
                    Influential Enlightenment Ideas
                    6:45
                    Four Fundamental Principles
                    7:29
                    John Locke
                    8:03
                    Two Treaties of Government
                    9:28
                    Revolutionary Ideas
                    11:46
                    Two Non-clergy-led Universities
                    13:39
                    Deism
                    14:32
                    Accordance with the Law of Nature
                    14:50
                    Ben Franklin
                    15:50
                    Ben Franklin
                    16:02
                    Key Contributor of American Revolution
                    16:45
                    Founder of the Junto Club
                    17:12
                    American Philosophical Society
                    17:22
                    Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanak
                    18:16
                    Almanacs
                    18:25
                    Richard Saunders
                    18:35
                    Wise Maxims
                    18:49
                    American Pietism
                    19:53
                    Pietism
                    20:12
                    Evangelical Christian Movement
                    20:27
                    Jonathan Edwards
                    22:04
                    The Great Awakening
                    22:18
                    Christian Zeal
                    22:24
                    George Whitefield
                    23:10
                    New Light
                    23:48
                    George Whitefield
                    24:06
                    The Great Awakening
                    24:46
                    Growth of Churches
                    24:52
                    Emotionalism, Revivalism, Evangelicalism
                    24:58
                    Itinerant Ministers
                    25:32
                    New Colleges
                    25:42
                    Jonathan Edwards
                    26:14
                    Revivalist and Intellectual
                    27:01
                    Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
                    27:20
                    Eternal Damnation
                    27:42
                    Religious Upheaval in the North
                    28:34
                    Old Light
                    28:38
                    Unconverted Sinners
                    30:22
                    Separatist Churches
                    30:35
                    Presbyterianism
                    31:26
                    Protestant Church Government
                    31:31
                    Geneva, Switzerland
                    31:50
                    Hostility of Irish Catholics
                    32:13
                    Reverend William Tennent
                    32:39
                    Scots-lrish Immigrant
                    32:49
                    Log College
                    33:16
                    Picture
                    34:02
                    Effects of the Great Awakening
                    34:08
                    Americans
                    34:45
                    Emotionalism
                    35:30
                    The Congregational and Presbyterian
                    36:45
                    Baptists and Methodists
                    37:10
                    Growth in the Number of Churches
                    37:35
                    Example 1
                    38:07
                    Example 2
                    41:09
                    The Great Awakening Spreads to the South and the French and Indian War

                    39m 53s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:10
                    Social and Religious Conflict in the South
                    1:48
                    Challenging the Church of England and the Planter Elite
                    2:01
                    Freeholders
                    2:51
                    Religious Pluralism
                    3:16
                    Baptist Revivals
                    4:02
                    Baptist Revivals
                    4:41
                    Free Born Male Members
                    5:37
                    A New Religious identity
                    6:14
                    The First Three Wars
                    6:40
                    King William’s War
                    7:22
                    Queen Anne's War
                    8:46
                    King George's War
                    8:47
                    The Seven Years' War
                    9:42
                    French and Indian War
                    9:50
                    Iroquois Strategy
                    11:10
                    Beginning of French and Indian War
                    12:05
                    Ohio Valley
                    12:40
                    Fort Necessity
                    13:17
                    Join, Or Die
                    13:49
                    Pennsylvania Gazette
                    16:30
                    Ben Franklin's Albany Plan
                    16:50
                    The Board of Trade
                    17:39
                    One General Government
                    17:54
                    Significance of the Albany Plan
                    18:53
                    Demands for American Independence
                    18:56
                    Stamp Act Congress
                    19:37
                    Map of Conflicting Imperial Claims
                    21:04
                    The French and Indian War
                    21:35
                    Nova Scotia
                    21:39
                    Seven Years' War
                    22:17
                    William Henry
                    22:31
                    French and Indian War Map
                    22:56
                    End of War
                    23:36
                    Treaty of Easton
                    23:38
                    Quebec
                    24:02
                    The Treaty of Paris
                    24:30
                    Boundaries After Treaty of Paris
                    25:40
                    Pontiac's Rebellion
                    26:33
                    Ottawa Chief Pontiac
                    26:37
                    Indian Alliance
                    27:49
                    British Era
                    28:11
                    Other Effects of the War
                    28:49
                    American Military Ineptitude
                    29:27
                    Huge Debt
                    30:10
                    Defied the New Treaty
                    31:15
                    Paxton Boys
                    32:10
                    Example 1
                    32:53
                    Example 2
                    35:44
                    Example 3
                    37:55
                    Section 3: Period 3: 1754-1800
                    British Reorganization After the French and Indian War and Colonial Protest

                    42m 59s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:10
                    British Shift in Policy Toward Colonists
                    1:00
                    Higher Import Duties
                    1:46
                    Discriminatory British Policies
                    3:44
                    British Expenditures and Revenue
                    4:04
                    British Law and Imperial Reform
                    4:57
                    The Supremacy of Parliamentary Laws
                    5:02
                    Second-Class Subjects
                    5:22
                    Currency Act
                    6:02
                    The Sugar Act
                    6:46
                    Navigation Act Loophole
                    7:01
                    Vice-Admiralty Court
                    7:45
                    The Stamp Act and Quartering Act Passed
                    8:28
                    Stamp Act
                    8:39
                    First Direct Tax
                    9:06
                    Quartering Act
                    10:06
                    Declaratory Act
                    10:33
                    Colonists Begin to Rebel
                    11:21
                    Virtual Representation
                    11:38
                    Patriots
                    12:23
                    Enlightenment Ideas
                    12:51
                    The Colonial Response
                    15:06
                    James Otis of MA
                    15:24
                    Stamp Act Congress
                    15:32
                    The Sons of Liberty
                    16:18
                    The Bostonians Paying the Exciseman or Tarring and Feathering
                    17:08
                    Extreme Measures
                    17:46
                    A British View
                    19:02
                    The Repeal or the Funeral Procession of Miss Ame-Stamp
                    19:49
                    Stamp Act Repealed
                    22:01
                    Declaratory Act
                    22:15
                    The Townshend Acts
                    22:52
                    Refuse to Drink Tea
                    23:03
                    More Acts, More Restrictions
                    23:30
                    The Revenue Act
                    23:38
                    Quartering Act
                    24:24
                    More Forms of Resistance
                    24:56
                    Daughters of Liberty, Boycotts and Homespuns
                    25:06
                    Boycotts of British Goods
                    26:50
                    Trade as a Political Weapon
                    27:26
                    Some Notable Patriots
                    27:57
                    Patrick Henry
                    28:04
                    John Adams
                    28:49
                    The Boston Massacre
                    30:11
                    The Boston Massacre
                    30:19
                    Paul Revere
                    31:28
                    Committees of Correspondence
                    32:11
                    The Rights and Grievances of the Colonists
                    32:36
                    More Organized Attempt
                    32:47
                    The Boston Tea Party: Reaction to Tea Act
                    33:07
                    Mohawk Indians
                    33:23
                    Crates of Tea
                    33:47
                    Sons of Liberty
                    34:04
                    British Reaction to Boston Tea Party
                    34:43
                    Closing Down the Port
                    35:07
                    Coercive Acts
                    35:35
                    Example 1
                    36:06
                    Example 2
                    38:47
                    The Road to Revolution

                    42m 3s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:05
                    Coercive or “Intolerable” Acts
                    1:54
                    Self-Rule Acts
                    2:52
                    The Quebec Act
                    3:40
                    King George and Parliament
                    4:07
                    Colonial Response
                    4:18
                    Committees of Correspondence
                    4:20
                    The House of Burgesses
                    5:25
                    Thomas Jefferson
                    6:08
                    First Continental Congress
                    7:02
                    Rejection of Colonial Union
                    7:25
                    Stop all Trades with England
                    7:37
                    A Statement of Grievances
                    8:02
                    The Suffolk Resolves
                    9:20
                    James Galloway
                    9:59
                    The Declaration of the Rights and Grievances
                    11:16
                    Greater American Autonomy
                    11:31
                    Violations of the Rights of the Colonists
                    12:18
                    Rebellion Spreads to the Countryside
                    12:47
                    Changing Attitudes to Imperial Issues
                    13:35
                    Yeoman Tradition of Land Ownership
                    13:59
                    British Response
                    14:13
                    Illegal Assembly
                    14:29
                    Payment of Defense and Administration
                    14:55
                    Conciliatory Propositions
                    15:54
                    Lexington and Concord
                    16:26
                    Minutemen of Concord
                    16:37
                    Huge Losses
                    17:28
                    John Lodge's “View of the Attack on Bunker Hill, with the burning of Charles Town, June 17, 1775”
                    17:57
                    Loyal Americans Feared “Mob Rule”
                    18:24
                    Sons of Liberty
                    18:50
                    Pacifist Beliefs
                    19:04
                    The Second Continental Congress Organizes
                    20:05
                    Continental Army
                    20:38
                    John Dickinson of PA
                    21:10
                    Olive Branch Petition
                    21:33
                    Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms
                    23:09
                    Patriots Mobilize and Loyalists Join British
                    24:05
                    Zealous Patriots
                    24:11
                    Patriot Planters
                    26:45
                    Thomas Paine's “Common Sense”
                    26:52
                    Called for Independence
                    27:16
                    Common Sense
                    28:09
                    Against British Rule
                    28:39
                    Example 1
                    29:17
                    Example 2
                    31:48
                    Example 3
                    34:11
                    Independence Declared and the Revolutionary War

                    30m 41s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:08
                    Independence Declared
                    1:01
                    Declaration of Independence
                    1:14
                    Thomas Jefferson
                    1:27
                    Principle of Individual Liberty
                    6:01
                    The Legitimacy of Republican State Government
                    7:05
                    War in the North
                    7:20
                    Patriots
                    7:27
                    The Loyalist Strongholds
                    8:02
                    Native Americans' Preference
                    8:17
                    The British Military and Strategy
                    8:46
                    Powerful Navy
                    8:52
                    Joseph Brant
                    9:15
                    The American Army and Strategy
                    10:15
                    Economically and Militarily Weak
                    10:25
                    New Continental Army
                    10:28
                    Guerilla Tactics
                    11:34
                    British Tactics
                    12:12
                    General Howe
                    12:19
                    Battle of Long Island
                    13:20
                    Trenton
                    13:34
                    1776-1777 Map
                    14:04
                    African-American Role in the War
                    14:30
                    Loyalists and Americans
                    14:42
                    Enslaved During the War
                    15:10
                    Women's Role in the War
                    15:32
                    Boycott of English Good
                    15:58
                    Abigail Adam's Letters
                    17:51
                    The Ladies Association
                    19:49
                    Washington’s Sewing Circle
                    20:00
                    Edenton Ladies Tea Party
                    20:11
                    Philadelphia on the Eve of the Revolution
                    21:15
                    General William Howe
                    21:39
                    Starvation at Valley Forge
                    21:58
                    Thomas Jeffery's, After George Heap. “ An East Prospect of the City of Philadelphia”
                    22:11
                    Turning Point: Battle of Saratoga
                    23:26
                    Saratoga
                    23:45
                    Captured British Troops and Equipment
                    24:18
                    End of War
                    24:36
                    Dutch Declared War Against Britain
                    24:44
                    Marquis de Lafayette
                    25:05
                    Yorktown
                    25:39
                    Treaty of Paris
                    26:28
                    Treaty of Paris in 1783
                    26:49
                    Example 1
                    27:33
                    Example 2
                    29:09
                    Creating Republican Institutions

                    44m 52s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:06
                    Creating Republican Institutions
                    1:39
                    Sacred Fire of Liberty
                    2:04
                    The Destiny of the Republican Model
                    2:11
                    Experiment Entrusted to the hands of the American People
                    2:26
                    The State Constitutions, 1776-1787
                    2:41
                    Republicanism
                    3:22
                    New Constitutions
                    4:27
                    Voting Rights
                    5:48
                    John Adam's Influence
                    6:21
                    Thoughts on Government
                    6:56
                    PA Unicameral Legislature
                    7:08
                    Bicameral Legislature
                    8:07
                    Bicameral Legislature
                    8:43
                    Restricting Popular Power
                    8:49
                    Middling Circumstances
                    9:56
                    Women Seek a Public Voice
                    10:35
                    Second-Class Citizens
                    11:12
                    Abigail Adams
                    12:12
                    Vindication of the Rights of Woman
                    12:55
                    On the Equality of the Sexes
                    13:42
                    The Loyalist Exodus
                    14:21
                    Structure of Rural Communities
                    14:36
                    A Traditional-Oriented Economic Elite
                    15:00
                    Entrepreneurial-Minded Republican Merchants
                    15:13
                    In Search of a National Government
                    15:48
                    Weak Central Government
                    16:26
                    Continental Congress
                    16:39
                    First Constitution
                    17:34
                    Congressional Powers in the Articles
                    18:34
                    Conduct Wars and Foreign Relations
                    18:53
                    Adjudicate Disputes
                    19:38
                    Land Ordinances
                    20:04
                    The Confederation and the “Northwest”
                    20:17
                    Westward Expansion
                    20:50
                    Creation of Several Ordinances
                    21:49
                    Secessionist Movements
                    22:10
                    The Northwest Territory
                    22:46
                    Refused Morris's Proposal
                    23:18
                    Trans-Appalachian West
                    23:29
                    Native American Tribes
                    23:44
                    Map of Northwest and Southwest Territories
                    24:20
                    Ordinance of 1784
                    24:43
                    Ordinance of 1785
                    25:28
                    Northwest Ordinance of 1787
                    26:50
                    A Single NW Territory
                    27:12
                    Inhabitants
                    27:22
                    Weaknesses of the Articles
                    27:47
                    No Power to Tax
                    28:26
                    No Executive
                    28:53
                    Single Vote for Each State
                    29:02
                    Diplomatic Features
                    30:05
                    Great Lake Area
                    30:20
                    John Adams
                    31:10
                    Example 1
                    31:35
                    Example 2
                    34:28
                    Example 3
                    36:55
                    The Constitutional Convention and Debate Over Ratification

                    45m 59s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:07
                    Debts, Taxes and Shays
                    3:31
                    Postwar Depression
                    3:41
                    Resentment of Farmers
                    4:00
                    Abolition of Imprisonment for Debt
                    4:33
                    Effects of Shays' Rebellion
                    5:29
                    Sentenced to Death
                    5:37
                    No Federal Army
                    5:54
                    A Riot Act
                    6:30
                    What Type of Government to Create?
                    7:20
                    A Stronger Central Government
                    8:07
                    Money Questions
                    8:16
                    Alexander Hamilton
                    9:15
                    James Madison
                    11:06
                    Madison's Virginia Plan
                    12:06
                    3-Tiered National Government
                    13:41
                    Lower House
                    13:58
                    Upper House
                    14:10
                    Patterson's New Jersey Plan
                    14:47
                    William Patterson
                    15:18
                    One-House Legislature
                    15:57
                    Tax and Regulate Commerce
                    16:06
                    The Great Compromise
                    16:30
                    Roger Sherman
                    16:43
                    Connecticut Plan
                    17:07
                    Legislature
                    17:30
                    Other Important Decisions
                    19:56
                    In One Supreme Court
                    20:00
                    The Electoral College
                    20:23
                    A Fugitive Clause
                    22:50
                    The Supreme Law of the Land
                    23:17
                    National Supremacy
                    23:28
                    The Constitution
                    24:19
                    Fear of Abuse of People's Rights
                    24:58
                    Federalism, Enlightenment and Republicanism
                    25:34
                    Federalism
                    25:47
                    Enlightenment Ideas
                    26:27
                    Enumerated Powers
                    27:04
                    Federalists V.S. Antifederalists
                    28:42
                    Federalists
                    28:55
                    The Federalist Papers
                    29:30
                    Antifederalists
                    30:25
                    A Bill of Rights
                    30:41
                    Completing the Structure
                    30:57
                    First Elections
                    31:25
                    Ratification
                    31:31
                    Washington and John Adams
                    31:35
                    First Ten Amendments
                    31:44
                    The Judiciary Act of 1789
                    31:58
                    Map of State Ratification of Constitution
                    32:17
                    Creation of a Cabinet and Three Departments
                    33:33
                    Example 1
                    34:32
                    Example 2
                    35:25
                    Example 3
                    42:23
                    The Early Nation and the Washington Administration

                    43m 18s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:07
                    Status of Native Americans
                    1:55
                    Conflicts over Land
                    2:04
                    Nation Within a Nation
                    3:09
                    Tribal Sovereignty
                    3:20
                    Domestic Dependent Nations
                    4:54
                    Native American Conflicts 1780s
                    5:25
                    Trans-Appalachian West
                    5:43
                    Treaty of Fort Stanwix
                    6:02
                    Native Americans in Ohio
                    6:52
                    Native American Conflicts 1790s
                    7:01
                    Northwest Confederacy
                    7:24
                    Miami Warrior Little Turtle
                    7:45
                    Battle of Fallen Timbers
                    8:51
                    Treaty of Greenville
                    9:09
                    Hamilton and the Federalist Influence
                    9:30
                    Federalists
                    10:02
                    Alexander Hamilton
                    10:26
                    Public Credit
                    11:37
                    Alexander Hamilton's Economic Plan
                    12:06
                    Assume the Debts of the States
                    12:16
                    A National Bank
                    12:56
                    Excise Tax
                    13:13
                    The Federalist Program
                    14:24
                    The Funding Bill
                    14:32
                    Potomac River
                    15:48
                    National Bank of the US
                    16:08
                    Public Credit
                    16:15
                    The Republican Opposition
                    16:39
                    The Emerging of the Republican Party
                    17:30
                    Agrarian Republic
                    18:17
                    Decentralization
                    19:20
                    Strict V.S. Broad Constructionism
                    20:11
                    Strict Constructionism
                    21:39
                    Elastic Clause
                    22:45
                    Loose or Broad Constructionism
                    24:01
                    Washington Wins 1792 Election
                    25:14
                    The Whiskey Rebellion
                    25:50
                    The Militia
                    26:21
                    Early Foreign Policy
                    26:51
                    Neutral Policy
                    27:23
                    Diplomat Edmond Genet
                    28:05
                    French West Indies
                    29:19
                    Jay's Treaty
                    29:48
                    Federalist John Jay
                    30:17
                    Opposition to Jay's Treaty
                    31:44
                    Pinckney's treaty in 1795
                    31:56
                    Thomas Pinckney
                    32:08
                    Mississippi River
                    32:27
                    Executive Privilege
                    33:15
                    Downfall of the Federalists
                    33:37
                    Republicans Rose in Power
                    33:44
                    Preserving Stability
                    34:03
                    The Election of 1796
                    35:08
                    Farewell Address
                    35:46
                    John Adams
                    37:13
                    Example 1
                    37:46
                    Example 2
                    40:50
                    Section 4: Period 4: 1800-1848
                    Adams and The Jeffersonian Era

                    48m 14s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:05
                    John Adams
                    1:48
                    Political Philosopher
                    2:40
                    French Revolution and Haitian Revolution
                    3:13
                    Not a Slave Owner
                    3:46
                    Falling out with Jefferson
                    4:34
                    Relations with France Deteriorate
                    5:32
                    XYZ Affair
                    7:12
                    A Huge Backlash
                    7:33
                    New Warships
                    7:59
                    Rejected the Federalist Approach
                    8:33
                    Alien and Sedition Acts
                    9:06
                    Alien Act
                    9:23
                    French Revolution
                    9:48
                    1st Amendment's Prohibition
                    11:19
                    Republican Response
                    12:21
                    VA and KY Resolutions
                    12:26
                    Undelegated Powers
                    12:40
                    States' Rights Interpretation of the Constitution
                    13:06
                    Jefferson Becomes President in 1800
                    13:50
                    Election of 1800
                    14:34
                    Burr
                    15:15
                    Voting for Jefferson
                    15:35
                    Jefferson Elected
                    15:51
                    Electoral College
                    15:58
                    Revolution of 1800
                    16:44
                    Judiciary Act of 1801
                    17:37
                    Midnight Appointments
                    18:08
                    Marbury V. Madison
                    19:26
                    Marbury V. Madison
                    19:41
                    Judicial Review
                    20:17
                    John Marshall
                    21:29
                    Samuel Chase
                    21:40
                    Thomas Jefferson
                    21:51
                    Architect, Intellectual, Writer
                    22:00
                    Urbanization
                    22:52
                    Expansion of US Territory
                    23:57
                    Monticello
                    24:23
                    Limits on Government
                    25:06
                    Abolishing Internal Taxes
                    15:15
                    The U.S. Military Academy at West Point
                    26:06
                    U.S. French Relations
                    26:25
                    Secret Treaty of San Ildefonso of 1800
                    27:03
                    Unrest in the Caribbean Islands
                    28:02
                    New Republic of Haiti
                    28:35
                    Napoleon and L'ouverture
                    29:44
                    Other Foreign Policy Challenges
                    30:05
                    Pinckney Treaty of 1795
                    30:28
                    Robert Livingston
                    30:42
                    Louisiana Purchase of 1803
                    31:46
                    Proposal of Buying Louisiana
                    32:17
                    Signed the Agreement
                    32:30
                    Louisiana Admitted as a State
                    32:57
                    Louisiana Purchase
                    33:07
                    Lewis and Clark
                    33:34
                    Missouri River
                    34:15
                    Records to Geography and Civilizations
                    34:43
                    Lewis, Clark and Sacajawea
                    35:07
                    The Burr Conspiracy
                    35:24
                    Essex Junto
                    36:00
                    Aaron Burr
                    36:23
                    Other Challenges for Jefferson
                    37:27
                    War of 1812
                    37:44
                    Napoleonic War
                    37:51
                    Chesapeake-Leonard Incident
                    39:03
                    Jefferson's Proposal: Embargo
                    39:35
                    Embargo
                    41:02
                    A Controversial Policy
                    41:53
                    Exports
                    42:17
                    Example 1
                    42:35
                    Example 2
                    44:46
                    Period IV: James Madison and the War of 1812

                    44m 36s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:06
                    Election of 1808
                    2:24
                    Non-Intercourse Act in 1809
                    3:12
                    Macon's Bill No. 2 in 1810
                    3:43
                    Madison Faces Challenges
                    4:24
                    France Stop interfering with US Shipping
                    4:34
                    Indians in Ohio River Valley
                    5:14
                    Westward Expansion and Clashes With Native Americans
                    5:34
                    Treaty of Grenville in 1795
                    6:25
                    The Harrison Land Law
                    6:57
                    William Henry Harrison
                    7:25
                    Tenskwatawa, “The Prophet”
                    8:18
                    Shawnee Leader
                    8:42
                    Spiritual Revival
                    10:07
                    Tecumseh: “The Shooting Star”
                    10:29
                    Against White Civilization
                    10:43
                    Battle of Tippecanoe
                    11:12
                    Florida and War Fever
                    12:04
                    War Hawks
                    13:58
                    Henry Clay of Kentucky
                    14:10
                    John C. Calhoun of SC
                    14:13
                    Causes of War and Divisions
                    14:50
                    Naval Blockade
                    15:44
                    A Divided Nation
                    16:53
                    Anti-War Groups
                    17:36
                    The War of 1812
                    18:53
                    Land Campaign
                    20:11
                    Invaded Canada through Detroit
                    20:25
                    General Hull
                    20:37
                    The War of 1812: “Mr. Madison's War”
                    21:05
                    Map of the War
                    24:16
                    The White House Burns in 1814
                    27:05
                    The Revolt of New England
                    28:04
                    Daniel Webster
                    28:36
                    Talk of Secession
                    29:20
                    Hartford Convention
                    29:35
                    The Effects of the War of 1812
                    31:07
                    Respect Canada as a Neighbor
                    31:42
                    Debate over Missouri Territory
                    32:01
                    Rise of Sectionalism
                    32:20
                    Territorial Expansion for Anglo-Americans
                    33:21
                    The Treaty of Ghent
                    33:56
                    The Rush-Bagot Agreement of 1817
                    34:54
                    Example 1
                    35:12
                    Example 2
                    37:59
                    Example 3
                    42:15
                    Period IV: The Growing Economy, The American System and The 'Era of Good Feelings'

                    35m 25s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:08
                    The Growing Economy
                    2:32
                    Manufacturing Increased
                    2:39
                    The Bank of the U.S.
                    2:59
                    Building of a National Network of Roads and Waterways
                    3:24
                    Tariff of 1816
                    4:04
                    Transportation System Improvements
                    6:01
                    Potomac River to the Ohio River
                    6:09
                    President Madison
                    7:54
                    Conestoga Wagon
                    8:25
                    Henry Clay's American System
                    8:35
                    Protective Tariffs
                    8:43
                    National Bank
                    8:52
                    Internal Improvements
                    8:55
                    The Panic of 1819
                    9:56
                    The First Major Financial Panic
                    10:26
                    Tight Credit Policy
                    10:37
                    Debt Increased Sharply
                    10:53
                    Westward Expansion
                    11:14
                    The Population Doubled
                    11:30
                    The Factor System
                    12:08
                    The Plantation System in the Southwest
                    13:17
                    Black Belt
                    14:15
                    Cotton Plantations and Slavery
                    14:31
                    Four States Admitted to the Union
                    15:25
                    Trade and Trapping in the Far West
                    15:45
                    Mexico Gained Independence
                    16:08
                    U.S. Traders
                    16:39
                    Jedediah Smith
                    17:37
                    Exploration of the West
                    18:03
                    Plattee
                    18:36
                    The Great American Desert
                    18:56
                    James Monroe
                    19:13
                    Virginia Dynasty
                    19:22
                    John Quincy Adams
                    20:25
                    John C. Calhoun
                    20:32
                    John Quincy Adams and Florida
                    21:04
                    A Committed Nationalist
                    21:16
                    Negotiations with Spain
                    21:25
                    Andrew Jackson
                    21:41
                    Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819
                    22:52
                    Adams-Onis Treaty
                    24:02
                    Sectional Conflicts
                    24:57
                    The Extension of Slavery
                    25:06
                    The Tallmadge Amendment
                    26:32
                    Missouri Compromise
                    27:14
                    A Free State
                    27:21
                    A Slave State
                    28:11
                    MO Compromise
                    28:29
                    Example 1
                    30:16
                    Example 2
                    31:53
                    John Marshall, the Federalist Legacy and James Monroe's Foreign Policy

                    35m 22s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:09
                    John Marshall and the Federalist Legacy
                    1:10
                    Judicial Authority, the Supremacy of Laws and Traditional Property Rights
                    1:51
                    The Interests of Propertied and Commercial Classes
                    2:25
                    Long Term Mark on the Court
                    3:02
                    Fletcher v. Peck in 1810
                    3:30
                    Land Frauds
                    3:42
                    Contract Clause
                    5:42
                    Property Rights
                    7:00
                    Dartmouth College v. Woodward in 1819
                    7:40
                    College's Charter
                    8:04
                    Expanded the Meaning of Contract Clause
                    8:27
                    The Corporate Charter
                    8:48
                    McCulloch v. Maryland in 1819
                    9:20
                    Constitutionality of the Bank of the United States
                    11:16
                    Implied Powers
                    11:34
                    Power to Destroy
                    12:05
                    Gibbons v. Ogden in 1824
                    12:23
                    A State Grant
                    14:29
                    Interstate Commerce
                    14:38
                    Johnson v. McIntosh in 1823
                    15:01
                    Sold Land to White Settlers
                    16:19
                    Take Land from Tribes
                    16:44
                    Worcester v. Georgia in 1823
                    17:49
                    Establish Native American Sovereignty
                    18:51
                    Marshall Affirmed the Rights of Tribes
                    19:32
                    Foreign Policy Under Monroe
                    20:39
                    U.S.-Latin American Trade Relations
                    22:46
                    Neutrality
                    23:40
                    Establish Diplomatic Relations
                    25:08
                    Monroe Doctrine in 1823
                    25:53
                    “Backyard” of the U.S.
                    27:05
                    Nationalistic Policy
                    28:26
                    Secretary o State John Q. Adams
                    28:40
                    Example 1
                    30:00
                    Example 2
                    32:43
                    John Quincy Adams, Growing Sectional Tension, and the Capitalist Commonwealth

                    47m 41s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:08
                    The Election of 1824
                    1:17
                    State Legislatures
                    1:52
                    William H. Crawford
                    3:08
                    The Demise of the Caucus System
                    3:49
                    House of Representatives
                    4:43
                    Henry Clay as Secretary of State
                    6:14
                    Corrupt Bargain
                    6:30
                    John Quincy Faces Obstacles
                    7:05
                    Partisan Tensions Emerged
                    7:16
                    International Issues
                    7:33
                    Conflict with Georgia
                    8:36
                    The Controversial Tariff of 1828
                    9:29
                    Tariff on Imported Goods
                    9:32
                    Tariff of Abominations
                    10:01
                    A Huge Backlash in New England
                    10:37
                    Capitalism and the Commonwealth
                    10:55
                    Common-wealth
                    11:42
                    Abrupt Drop in Worldwide Prices
                    12:50
                    Business Cycle
                    13:23
                    Transportation Improvements
                    13:58
                    The Sale of Privately Owned Land
                    14:43
                    Marshall Court
                    15:37
                    First Railroad Lines
                    15:48
                    Transportation Innovations
                    16:24
                    Trade Ventures
                    16:30
                    Shipping Industry
                    16:37
                    James Watt
                    16:42
                    Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston
                    16:51
                    Turnpikes
                    17:13
                    Erie Canal Project
                    17:17
                    George Harvey's “Pittsford on the Erie Canal” in 1837
                    18:37
                    Erie Canal
                    18:53
                    Growth of U.S. Industry
                    20:14
                    Factory System
                    20:27
                    Eli Whitney
                    22:35
                    Changes in Corporate Law
                    24:08
                    Trade/Craft Unions
                    25:00
                    Commonwealth v. Hunt in 1842
                    26:32
                    Peaceful Unions
                    26:59
                    Labor Contracts
                    27:08
                    Cities Continue to Grow
                    28:09
                    Northerners
                    29:00
                    Agriculture and the Rise in Immigrants
                    29:13
                    Peculiar Institution
                    30:01
                    Effects of the Market Revolution
                    31:31
                    Isolated Lives
                    32:29
                    Women's Rights
                    32:40
                    Less Arranged Marriages
                    33:17
                    The Growth of the Cotton Industry
                    34:07
                    Example 1
                    34:18
                    Example 2
                    36:55
                    Example 3
                    39:18
                    Republicanism, The Second Great Awakening and Antebellum Reform Movements

                    40m 4s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:51
                    A Democratic Republican Culture
                    1:54
                    Republican Marriages
                    2:44
                    Republican Motherhood
                    4:56
                    Raising Republican Children
                    7:10
                    Promoting Cultural Independence
                    8:32
                    Aristocratic Republicanism and Slavery
                    9:55
                    Necessary Evil
                    11:32
                    Wages-Slaves
                    11:50
                    Gabriel Prosser
                    12:35
                    Outlawed Slave Trade
                    13:47
                    Voting Rights Expand
                    14:05
                    The Antislavery Movement Early 1800s
                    15:06
                    Black Abolitionists
                    15:24
                    Haitian Revolution
                    15:42
                    The American Colonization Society
                    17:43
                    Liberia
                    18:19
                    Richard Allen
                    20:04
                    The Second Great Awakening
                    21:33
                    Huge Evangelized Hubs
                    22:27
                    Evangelic Methodist and Baptist Churches
                    23:09
                    Timothy Dwight and Charles Finney
                    23:33
                    Revival Meetings Could Last Up to a Week
                    23:53
                    Effects of the Second Great Awakening
                    26:01
                    A Fervently Protestant People
                    26:30
                    Academies
                    27:56
                    Women's Rights and Temperance Movements
                    28:22
                    Revivalism
                    29:20
                    Camp Meeting
                    29:27
                    Rationalism/Enlightenment (Deism)
                    29:45
                    Charles Grandison Finney
                    30:53
                    Finney and Revival
                    31:32
                    Other Religious Groups Arise
                    31:51
                    The Shakers
                    32:15
                    The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing
                    33:10
                    Utopian Society
                    34:22
                    The Shakers
                    35:27
                    Example 1
                    36:17
                    Example 2
                    38:43
                    Utopian Communal Societies, the Temperance Movement, and Nativism

                    47m 18s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:10
                    Rural Communalism and Utopian Societies
                    2:24
                    Fourierism
                    4:06
                    Utopian Socialism
                    5:05
                    Members of Phalanxes
                    5:37
                    100 Cooperative Communities
                    5:42
                    Other Communal Experiments
                    6:26
                    The Amana Colonies in Iowa
                    6:29
                    New Harmony
                    6:53
                    Utopian Socialist Community
                    7:10
                    Major Communal Experiment Before 1860
                    8:39
                    The Oneida Community
                    10:11
                    John Humphrey Noyes
                    10:18
                    Complex Marriage
                    10:22
                    Female Followers
                    11:38
                    Silverware Production
                    13:17
                    The Mormons, 1830
                    14:01
                    The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
                    14:11
                    Joseph Smith
                    14:14
                    Brigham Young
                    16:23
                    The Mormon Trail
                    16:45
                    Immigration and Cultural Conflict
                    17:10
                    Potato Famine
                    19:27
                    German/Irish
                    20:15
                    Cholera Epidemic
                    21:26
                    Immigrant Communities
                    21:41
                    The Surge in Immigration, 1854-1855
                    22:14
                    Backlash Against Immigrant Groups
                    23:04
                    Low Wages
                    23:18
                    Nativist groups
                    26:11
                    Immigrants were Scapegoats
                    26:54
                    Alcoholism
                    27:02
                    Samuel F.B. Morse
                    28:00
                    The Temperance Movement
                    28:33
                    Reform Movement Against Drunkenness
                    29:07
                    The American Society for the Promotion of Temperance
                    30:56
                    Temperance Legislation
                    31:37
                    The Drunkard's Progress
                    32:27
                    Carrie Nation, The Bar Room Smasher
                    33:58
                    Conservative Social Reform
                    35:30
                    Congregational and Presbyterian Ministers
                    35:46
                    Prison Discipline Society
                    36:24
                    Regular Habits
                    36:32
                    Sabbatarian Values
                    37:10
                    Example 1
                    38:45
                    Example 2
                    41:20
                    Example 3
                    42:46
                    Jacksonian Democracy

                    40m 25s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:07
                    The Rise of Popular Politics
                    2:21
                    Expansion of the Vote
                    2:30
                    Presidential Electors
                    3:17
                    No Franchise
                    4:01
                    The Political Machine
                    4:38
                    Martin Van Buren
                    5:58
                    Patronage
                    6:30
                    Spoils System
                    6:46
                    Jacksonians
                    8:32
                    Changing in Voting Patterns
                    8:52
                    Jackson Runs a Tough Campaign
                    10:57
                    Age of Jackson
                    11:42
                    Jackson's Inauguration
                    13:23
                    Reign of King Mob
                    13:45
                    Economic Equality
                    14:41
                    First Days in Office
                    15:14
                    Whigs
                    15:54
                    Against Jackson
                    17:09
                    Like a Monarch
                    17:18
                    Northern Whigs
                    18:02
                    Southern Whigs
                    18:57
                    President of the Common Man
                    19:22
                    Self-Made man from TN
                    19:27
                    Equal Protection and Equal Benefits
                    19:31
                    No Region
                    19:58
                    Permanent Office Holders
                    21:07
                    Frugal Jeffersonian
                    21:43
                    To the Victors Belong the Spoils
                    21:48
                    Spoils System
                    21:50
                    A Central, Corrupting Feature
                    22:40
                    To the Victors Belong the Spoils
                    23:44
                    Jackson's Political Rivals: Clay
                    24:14
                    Four Internal Improvement Bills
                    24:44
                    The Bank of the United States
                    25:22
                    Vetoing Numerous Bills
                    25:40
                    The Rise of Martin Van Buren and Jackson's Scandalous Cabinet
                    26:05
                    Kitchen Cabinet
                    26:54
                    Albany Regency
                    27:18
                    Senator Eaton
                    27:28
                    The Rats Leaving a Falling House
                    28:50
                    Calhoun and Nullification
                    29:33
                    John C. Calhoun of South Carolina
                    29:40
                    Nullification
                    30:04
                    Tariff of Abominations
                    30:20
                    Sectional Controversy
                    31:15
                    Nullification Crisis
                    31:45
                    Preserve Federal Union
                    32:54
                    A Force Bill
                    33:45
                    Compromise Reached
                    34:09
                    Henry Clay
                    34:14
                    Passed the Compromise and Force Bill
                    34:33
                    Nullification of the Tariffs
                    34:40
                    Example 1
                    35:09
                    Example 2
                    37:54
                    Four Internal Improvement Bills
                    24:44
                    The Bank of the United States
                    25:22
                    Vetoing Numerous Bills
                    25:40
                    The Rise of Martin Van Buren and Jackson's Scandalous Cabinet
                    26:05
                    Kitchen Cabinet
                    26:54
                    Albany Regency
                    27:18
                    Senator Eaton
                    27:28
                    The Rats Leaving a Falling House
                    28:50
                    Calhoun and Nullification
                    29:33
                    John C. Calhoun of South Carolina
                    29:40
                    Nullification
                    30:04
                    Tariff of Abominations
                    30:20
                    Sectional Controversy
                    31:15
                    Nullification Crisis
                    31:45
                    Preserve Federal Union
                    32:54
                    A Force Bill
                    33:45
                    Compromise Reached
                    34:09
                    Henry Clay
                    34:14
                    Passed the Compromise and Force Bill
                    34:33
                    Nullification of the Tariffs
                    34:40
                    Example 1
                    35:09
                    Example 2
                    37:54
                    Jackson, The Removal of Native Americans and The Bank Veto

                    43m 48s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:08
                    “King” Jackson and Native Americans
                    2:01
                    Vetoed 12 Bills
                    2:45
                    Abusing Power
                    3:13
                    Land-Hungry Citizens
                    4:30
                    “King Jackson”
                    4:55
                    Attitudes Toward Native Americans
                    6:42
                    White Expansion
                    6:49
                    Get Rid of Indian Landholdings
                    7:26
                    Indian Removal Act
                    7:48
                    The “Five Civilized Tribes”
                    8:08
                    Cherokees
                    9:23
                    Southern Indians
                    10:11
                    Tribal Map in Southeast
                    10:37
                    The Indian Removal Act, 1830
                    11:00
                    The Resettlement of Many Thousands of American Indians
                    11:06
                    Bureau of Indian Affairs
                    11:28
                    The Black Hawk War
                    12:01
                    Chief Black Hawk
                    12:12
                    Last Battle
                    12:26
                    70 Indian Nation to Sign Treaties
                    13:02
                    Portrait of Black Hawk by Charles Bird King
                    13:26
                    Worcester v. Georgia in 1832
                    13:55
                    Worcester
                    15:27
                    Native American Sovereignty
                    15:54
                    The Rights of Tries to Remain Free from the State Government
                    16:11
                    Jackson's Response
                    16:54
                    Let the Court Enforce It
                    16:56
                    Removal Continued
                    17:26
                    Johnson v. McIntosh in 1823
                    17:32
                    Illinois and Pinakeshaw
                    17:50
                    Buy Land from Tribes not from Individuals
                    18:11
                    Indian Removal
                    18:33
                    Trail of Tears
                    20:07
                    Trail of Tears, a 1200 Mile Journey
                    20:44
                    The Seminole War
                    21:37
                    The Seminoles of Florida
                    21:55
                    The Struggle Dragged on for Years
                    22:18
                    Uprising in 1835
                    22:30
                    Osceola
                    23:24
                    “The Indians and Negroes Massacre the Whites in Florida, in January 1836”
                    23:30
                    Result of Removal
                    25:07
                    Less Hospitable Lands of the Mississippi
                    25:26
                    Disease or Exhaustion
                    26:37
                    Alien Environment
                    26:46
                    Jackson's Bank Veto
                    27:03
                    Most Powerful Financial Institution in the Nation
                    27:30
                    Nicholas Biddle
                    27:50
                    The “Soft Money” Faction
                    28:12
                    The Hard money Position
                    28:33
                    Henry Clay
                    29:56
                    Private Monopoly
                    30:19
                    Jackson's Second Term
                    31:13
                    Destroy the “Monster” Bank
                    31:26
                    Attorney General Roger B. Taney
                    31:56
                    Raising Interest Rates and Calling in Loans
                    32:10
                    Chronically Unstable Banking System
                    32:46
                    Jackson Cartoon
                    33:14
                    Jackson's Species Circular
                    35:52
                    Inflated Prices for Land and Various Goods
                    36:01
                    Specie Circular
                    36:12
                    The Panic of 1837
                    36:38
                    Example 1
                    37:41
                    Example 2
                    40:09
                    Democrats, Whigs, and the Second Party System

                    36m 37s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:06
                    Taney Appointed to the Court
                    1:32
                    Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge
                    2:19
                    Promote General Happiness
                    2:44
                    Exercising a Monopoly
                    3:18
                    Expansion of Economic Opportunity
                    3:35
                    The Whigs Respond to the Democrats
                    4:03
                    Second Party System
                    5:14
                    Laissez-Faire Capitalism
                    5:53
                    Irish and German Catholics
                    6:35
                    Whig Ideology
                    6:52
                    Expanding the Power of the Federal Government
                    6:53
                    Supporters of Legislation
                    7:37
                    Anti-Mason Movement
                    8:10
                    The “Great Triumvirate”
                    8:20
                    Henry Clay
                    8:40
                    Daniel Webster
                    8:53
                    John Calhoun
                    9:01
                    Election of 1836
                    9:28
                    Van Buren
                    9:34
                    Nominating Four Candidates From Different Regions
                    10:14
                    An Affecting Scene in Kentucky
                    10:35
                    1836 Election Cartoon
                    12:48
                    Divided Leadership Affects 1836 Election
                    14:51
                    Martin Van Buren and Democrats
                    14:58
                    Individual Rights
                    15:05
                    The Failed Plan
                    15:22
                    The Panic of 1837
                    15:49
                    Distribution Act
                    16:45
                    Land Speculative Fever Resulted
                    16:54
                    Independent Treasury System
                    17:56
                    Image of the Panic of 1837
                    18:50
                    Depression of 1837
                    21:25
                    The Ideology of Artisan Republicanism
                    21:41
                    Unions to Bargain for Higher Wages
                    22:06
                    Closed Shops Agreements
                    22:23
                    Effects of the Depression
                    23:09
                    Prohibited “Conspiracies” in Restraint of Trade
                    23:12
                    The Democratic Party
                    24:22
                    Commonwealth v. Hunt in 1842
                    24:35
                    Peaceful Unions
                    24:50
                    Upheld the Rights of Workers
                    25:06
                    Ten-Hour Day for Federal Employees
                    25:30
                    Log Cabin Campaign of 1840
                    25:50
                    Penny Press
                    26:50
                    The Party of the Common People
                    27:30
                    William Henry Harrison
                    27:47
                    Log Cabin Campaign
                    28:02
                    Harrison Wins
                    28:24
                    234 V.S. 60 Electoral Votes
                    28:40
                    Re-Charter bank
                    29:19
                    Preemption Act of 1841
                    29:32
                    Foreign Policy Highlights
                    30:09
                    Caroline
                    30:23
                    Aroostook war
                    30:41
                    Creole
                    30:55
                    Webster-Ashburton Treaty
                    31:32
                    Extraterritoriality
                    31:53
                    Example 1
                    33:05
                    Example 2
                    35:36
                    Transcendentalists and the American Renaissance

                    37m 43s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:06
                    Individualism
                    0:54
                    Alexis de Tocqueville
                    1:14
                    Individualism
                    1:48
                    Transcendentalism
                    3:12
                    Intellectual Movement
                    3:19
                    Individuality Self-Reliance and Nonconformity
                    3:48
                    Instincts and Emotion
                    4:32
                    Transcendentalists
                    4:55
                    Understanding
                    5:05
                    Transcend the Limits of the Intellect
                    5:22
                    Concord, MA
                    5:55
                    Images of Transcendentalists
                    6:07
                    Ralph Waldo Emerson
                    7:11
                    Leading Spokesman of this Movement
                    7:35
                    The American Scholar
                    8:31
                    Outpouring of First Class novel, Poetry and Essays
                    9:18
                    Original Relation with Nature
                    10:39
                    Ordinary Middle-Class Americans
                    10:56
                    New Industrial Society
                    11:35
                    Henry David Thoreau
                    12:04
                    Lives of Quiet Desperation
                    12:16
                    Self-Realization
                    12:34
                    Walden and Life in the Woods
                    13:10
                    Resistance to Civil Government
                    13:36
                    The Defense of Nature
                    16:34
                    The Rapid Economic Development
                    17:00
                    Inspiration and Spirituality
                    17:17
                    Gender Roles Redefined
                    17:49
                    Woman in the Nineteenth Century
                    17:59
                    Mystical Relationship with God
                    18:53
                    The Questioning of Gender Roles
                    19:23
                    Emergence of a Broad Array of Movement
                    19:49
                    Romanticism
                    19:57
                    Order and Control
                    20:33
                    Slavery Overshadowed
                    21:25
                    Romanticism and Nationalism
                    21:49
                    The Need to Improve the American Culture
                    21:55
                    Romanticism for Inspiration
                    22:05
                    Literature and the Quest for Liberation
                    22:19
                    Washington Irving's James Fenimore Cooper
                    22:59
                    Walt Whitman
                    23:43
                    Democracy, The liberation of the Individual and the Pleasures of the Flesh
                    24:04
                    Herman Melville
                    24:28
                    Strength of Individual Will
                    24:47
                    Edgar Allen Poe
                    25:09
                    BrookFarm: A Utopian Experiment
                    25:33
                    Nathaniel Hawthorne
                    25:35
                    Brook Farm
                    25:56
                    Form of Socialism
                    26:13
                    All Share in the Leisure
                    26:36
                    Southern Literature
                    27:40
                    Historical Romances of the Plantation System
                    27:50
                    William Gilmore Simms
                    28:13
                    The Lives of Ordinary People and Poor Whites
                    28:49
                    Mark Twain
                    29:09
                    American Landscape Painting
                    29:15
                    Hudson River School
                    29:25
                    Nature is the Source of Wisdom
                    29:50
                    Albert Bierstadt and Thomas Moran
                    30:45
                    Examples of Landscape Painting
                    30:53
                    Example 1
                    31:45
                    Example 2
                    34:08
                    Abolitionism

                    46m 20s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:05
                    Free Blacks Urge Others to “Elevate”
                    1:17
                    Social Uplift
                    1:19
                    Whites Led Mob Attack Against Blacks
                    3:25
                    Moderates and Extremists
                    3:48
                    The Antislavery Movement
                    4:04
                    American Colonization Society
                    4:15
                    Gradual Manumission of Slaves
                    4:48
                    Decline of Antislavery Movement
                    5:30
                    Abolitionists
                    5:36
                    Free African Americans
                    6:21
                    Threat of Being Kidnapped
                    7:10
                    Liberator
                    8:07
                    Moderate and Extreme Approaches
                    8:20
                    Advocating for Moderate Approach
                    8:29
                    Radical Abolitionists
                    8:56
                    Evangelical Christians
                    10:32
                    William Lloyd Garrison
                    11:01
                    Newspaper: Liberator
                    11:08
                    Reject Gradualism
                    12:42
                    New England Antislavery Society
                    13:04
                    David Walker
                    13:36
                    Walker's Appeal to the Colored Citizens
                    14:01
                    National Convention in Philly
                    15:10
                    Collective Equality for All Blacks
                    15:40
                    Nat Turner
                    16:06
                    Bloody Revolt in Southampton Country, Virginia
                    16:55
                    Turner's Men
                    17:40
                    The Virginia Legislature
                    19:30
                    Southern States Toughened their Slave Codes
                    20:00
                    The Underground Railroad
                    20:21
                    Frederick Douglass
                    23:10
                    Most Powerful Abolitionists and Orators
                    23:13
                    North Star in Rochester, NY
                    23:35
                    Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
                    24:35
                    Friend with Garrison
                    25:34
                    Douglass and the North Star
                    27:01
                    Other Evangelical Abolitionists
                    27:11
                    Theodore Dwight Weld
                    27:18
                    Angelina and Sarah Grimke
                    27:39
                    American Anti-Slavery Society
                    29:31
                    Sojourner Truth
                    29:56
                    Anti-Abolitionism
                    32:12
                    Backlash Against Abolitionist Movement
                    32:14
                    Prudence Crandall
                    32:56
                    Abolitionist Headquarters
                    33:27
                    Amistad
                    33:35
                    The Spanish Slave Vessel Amistad
                    33:39
                    Prigg v. PA
                    34:18
                    Federal Fugitive Slave Laws
                    34:47
                    Abolitionists and Politics
                    35:04
                    Ban Interstate Slave Trade and Abolish Slavery
                    35:10
                    Restrict the Use of Mail
                    35:28
                    The Liberty Party
                    35:55
                    James G. Birney
                    36:11
                    Free Soil
                    36:21
                    Women's Rights
                    37:38
                    Example 1
                    38:09
                    Example 2
                    40:46
                    Example 3
                    43:09
                    Women's Rights Movement and Antebellum Reform

                    46m 20s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:07
                    Education Reforms
                    1:05
                    Horace Mann
                    1:56
                    Reorganized the School System
                    2:25
                    Literacy Rate
                    2:54
                    Experimental Schools
                    5:17
                    Self-Realization
                    5:23
                    Perkins School
                    5:44
                    Social Value and Democratize the U.S.
                    6:03
                    Rehabilitation
                    6:19
                    The Asylum Movement
                    6:34
                    Dorothea Dix
                    6:45
                    The Rise of Feminism
                    8:09
                    Sarah and Angelina Grimke
                    9:11
                    Other Reformers
                    9:37
                    Married Women's Property Acts
                    10:09
                    Seneca Falls
                    10:40
                    Society of Friends
                    10:44
                    Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
                    11:39
                    The Women's Right
                    13:11
                    Declaration of Sentiments
                    13:38
                    Quakers Influence Feminist Movement
                    14:36
                    Sexual Equality
                    14:47
                    Stanton Were Quakers
                    15:25
                    Lucy Stone
                    16:26
                    Emma Willard
                    17:08
                    Catherine Beecher
                    17:21
                    Feminist Style of Clothing
                    17:39
                    Bloomer
                    17:42
                    Amelia Bloomer
                    17:54
                    Example 1
                    18:54
                    Example 2
                    21:08
                    Example 3
                    23:30
                    Section 5: Period 5: 1844-1877
                    Manifest Destiny, Westward Expansion, And Increased Sectionalism

                    43m 51s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:08
                    Westward Expansion
                    3:17
                    Manifest Destiny
                    5:25
                    Penny Press
                    7:10
                    Empire of Liberty
                    7:50
                    John Gast's American Progress
                    8:05
                    Americans in Texas
                    10:03
                    Interested in Texas
                    10:14
                    American Immigration Into Texas
                    12:02
                    Stephen Austin
                    12:47
                    Revolt Broke Out
                    13:20
                    Stephen Austin: “The father of Texas” and Sam Houston, the First President of the Republic of Texas
                    13:36
                    Tensions between U.S. and Mexico
                    14:02
                    Legalize Slavery
                    14:10
                    Instability in Mexico
                    15:33
                    Independence of Texas
                    16:07
                    Battle of San Jacinto
                    16:20
                    U.S. Settlements and The Texas War of Independence
                    17:09
                    U.S. Annexation of Texas
                    17:09
                    Southern Democrats
                    17:38
                    Election of 1844
                    17:47
                    President martin Van Buren Refused
                    18:30
                    Main Battles in the Texas War of Independence
                    18:55
                    Oregon
                    19:51
                    U.S. and British Sovereignty
                    19:58
                    The Catholic Missionaries From Canada
                    20:30
                    Oregon Fever
                    20:55
                    A Measles Epidemic
                    21:32
                    Huge Westward Migration and Trails
                    21:50
                    Great Overland Trails
                    22:13
                    Gender Lines
                    23:26
                    Expansion Issue Politicized
                    23:37
                    The Election of 1844
                    23:39
                    President Tyler
                    23:48
                    James Polk
                    24:27
                    Fifty Four Forty or Fight
                    24:38
                    Compromise over Oregon And The Southwest
                    25:26
                    Border 49th Parallel
                    25:30
                    The Northern Border of Oregon
                    25:50
                    Zachary Taylor
                    26:13
                    The Mexican American War
                    26:30
                    Map of the U.S.-Mexican War
                    26:43
                    U.S.-Mexican War
                    28:30
                    John Slidell
                    28:34
                    Whig Critics
                    28:54
                    Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
                    29:19
                    Mexican Cession
                    29:42
                    Polk Supports Extending the Missouri Compromise Line
                    30:43
                    Banning Slavery North of the Line and Permitting it South of the Line
                    31:19
                    Popular Sovereignty
                    31:31
                    The Sectional Debate Heats Up
                    31:41
                    Polk's Expansionist Agenda
                    32:05
                    The Wilmot Proviso
                    32:44
                    A Threat to Republican Liberties and White Yeoman Farming
                    33:38
                    Dissent and Divergence
                    34:08
                    Dissenter of the U.S.-Mexican War
                    34:27
                    Frederick Douglass
                    35:46
                    Diverging Views of Douglass and Garrison
                    36:46
                    Example 1
                    37:32
                    Example 2
                    40:54
                    Example 3
                    41:50
                    The Expansion of Slavery and Resistance to its Expansion

                    1h 5m

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:09
                    Election of 1848
                    1:10
                    Free-Soil Party
                    2:04
                    Taylor Won
                    2:38
                    Antislavery Democrats: “ Barnburners”
                    2:54
                    The California Gold Rush
                    4:26
                    Increased in Non-Native American Population
                    5:39
                    Forty-Niners
                    5:56
                    Chinese Migrants
                    6:38
                    The California Gold Rush Images and Map
                    7:27
                    California and Gold Rush Map
                    9:41
                    Effects of the Gold Rush
                    10:34
                    A Labor Shortage
                    10:36
                    Indian Hunters
                    11:17
                    Heterogeneous Population
                    11:50
                    Rising Sectional Differences
                    12:05
                    The Balance of Slave and Free States
                    12:12
                    Personal Liberty Laws and Fugitive Slave Laws
                    12:34
                    A Series of Compromises
                    13:14
                    Compromise of 1850
                    13:30
                    Fillmore
                    14:48
                    California Join the Union as a Free State
                    14:55
                    Fugitive Slave Law
                    15:17
                    Temporarily Preserved the Union
                    16:37
                    Map of the Compromise of 1850
                    16:43
                    Crisis of the 1850s
                    17:39
                    Franklin Pierce
                    17:45
                    Young America
                    19:59
                    The Ostend Manifesto
                    19:24
                    Railroads, Slavery, and Sectionalism
                    20:02
                    Westward Expansion
                    20:11
                    Better Communication
                    20:28
                    Gadsen Purchase
                    20:50
                    Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
                    21:45
                    Popular Sovereignty
                    22:03
                    Missouri Compromise was Repealed
                    23:01
                    A Scramble of Pro- and Anti-slavery Settlers
                    23:42
                    Republican Party
                    24:05
                    Anti-Nebraska Dems
                    24:25
                    Map of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
                    24:48
                    Bleeding Kansas
                    25:39
                    Pro-Slavery Forces
                    26:23
                    Free-Staters
                    26:29
                    President Pierce
                    26:51
                    John Brown
                    28:16
                    Pottawatomie Massacre
                    28:42
                    Tragic Prelude
                    29:04
                    Charles Summer's “The Crime Against Kansas”
                    30:46
                    Free-Soil Ideology
                    32:40
                    Northern Whites Believed that Slavery was Dangerous
                    32:52
                    Antithesis of Democracy
                    33:57
                    The Free Soil Party
                    34:34
                    A Critical View: “The Hurly-Burly Pot”
                    34:55
                    The Pro-Slavery Argument
                    37:52
                    Uncle Tom's Cabin
                    37:58
                    The Pro-Slavery Argument
                    38:37
                    Superior Southern Way of life
                    39:03
                    “Cotton is King”
                    39:19
                    Election of 1856
                    39:51
                    John Fremont
                    40:13
                    Increasing the Support of the Republican Party
                    41:17
                    Sectionalism of the Realigned Political Parties
                    42:14
                    A Surge in Nativism
                    42:26
                    Nativism
                    43:13
                    The American Party
                    44:11
                    Know-Nothing Party
                    44:20
                    The Dred Scott Decision
                    44:16
                    An Army Surgeon
                    45:04
                    Circuit Court
                    45:26
                    John Sanford
                    45:29
                    Chief Justice Taney's Stance
                    46:28
                    No Claim to Citizenship
                    46:35
                    The MO Compromise
                    47:33
                    Great Controversy
                    47:48
                    Deadlock Over Kansas
                    48:11
                    Buchanan Timidly Endorsed the Dred Scott Case
                    48:18
                    Lecompton Constitution
                    48:28
                    Buchanan Pressured Congress
                    48:55
                    KS as a Free State
                    49:18
                    Significant Congressional Election of 1858
                    49:28
                    Sectional Crisis
                    49:36
                    Lincoln-Douglas
                    50:30
                    House Divided
                    51:38
                    The Spread of Free Labor
                    53:03
                    The Rise of Lincoln
                    53:18
                    Freeport Doctrine
                    53:36
                    A National Following
                    54:47
                    Lost the Majority of Democrats of the House
                    55:10
                    Lincoln and Douglas
                    55:21
                    John Brown's Raid
                    55:34
                    John Brown's Statement
                    56:08
                    Seized a Mountain Fortress
                    56:50
                    Brown Surrendered
                    57:07
                    Example 1
                    57:40
                    Example 2
                    1:00:29
                    Example 3
                    1:02:25
                    The Civil War, Part 1

                    44m

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:05
                    The Election of 1860
                    1:53
                    Divided Democrats
                    2:45
                    A Free-Soil Platform
                    2:56
                    Momentous Consequences
                    3:58
                    Storming the Castle
                    4:26
                    The National Game, Three “Outs” and One “Run”
                    7:12
                    The Election of 1860 Voting Results
                    7:53
                    The Appeal of Abraham Lincoln
                    8:52
                    Reputation for Eloquence
                    9:02
                    Signal to White Southerners
                    9:36
                    Secession and the Fire-eaters
                    9:44
                    South Carolina Convention
                    9:48
                    Confederate States of America
                    10:18
                    Jefferson Davis
                    10:27
                    Buchanan's Response and the Crittenden Plan
                    10:39
                    Fort Sumter
                    11:30
                    The Crittenden Compromise
                    11:53
                    Constitutional Amendment
                    12:10
                    Extension of Missouri Compromise Line
                    12:25
                    Lincoln Inaugurated and In Command
                    12:49
                    Refuse the Extension of Missouri Compromise Line
                    13:05
                    Union Constituted Insurrection
                    13:49
                    The Upper South Chooses Sides
                    14:01
                    State Militiamen
                    14:14
                    Border States
                    14:50
                    Setting Wars Objectives and Strategies
                    15:41
                    Defense of Confederacy
                    15:45
                    Unconditional Surrender
                    16:09
                    George B. McClellan
                    16:50
                    Battle Of Shiloh
                    17:20
                    The Anaconda Plan
                    17:43
                    Blockading the Gulf of Mexico
                    18:40
                    Starve the South into Submission
                    18:48
                    Seizing the Mississippi River
                    19:07
                    The Defensive Strategy of the Confederacy
                    20:06
                    Strategy of the South
                    20:13
                    General Robert E. Lee
                    20:21
                    Problems with Military Generals for the Union
                    20:28
                    Confederate Army under “Stonewall” Jackson
                    21:12
                    Battle at Antietam Creek
                    21:50
                    Joseph Fighting Joe Hooker
                    22:57
                    Both Sides Forced Into “Total War”
                    23:11
                    The First Legally Binding Draft
                    24:03
                    Rich Man's War and a Poor Man's Fight
                    24:45
                    Unenforceable Southerners
                    25:02
                    The Union and Total War
                    25:15
                    The Union's Militia Act of 1862
                    25:20
                    German and Irish Immigrants
                    26:10
                    15000 Confederate Sympathizers
                    27:05
                    Draft Riots of 1863
                    28:06
                    Aftermath of Draft Riots
                    29:16
                    Riots in New York City
                    29:52
                    A Plea for Churches
                    29:55
                    Financial Relief
                    29:58
                    Medical Services During the War
                    30:42
                    The Union Army Medical Bureau
                    31:27
                    U.S. Sanitary Commission
                    31:36
                    Dorothea Dix
                    32:06
                    Women Participated in Military Duties
                    33:00
                    Women and the Civil War
                    33:15
                    Mobilizing Resources
                    34:00
                    Mass Production
                    34:11
                    King Cotton
                    34:55
                    Rebel Government as a Belligerent Power
                    35:05
                    Federal Subsidies for Railroads
                    35:48
                    The Homestead Act
                    36:10
                    Economic Differences
                    36:59
                    Less Coherent Economic Policy
                    37:03
                    Legal Tender Act of 1862
                    37:41
                    Inflation Increased
                    38:03
                    Example 1
                    38:32
                    Example 2
                    40:03
                    Example 3
                    42:15
                    The Civil War, Part 2

                    43m 47s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:05
                    The Road to Emancipation
                    1:50
                    Struggle Against Slavery
                    2:44
                    Contrabands
                    3:35
                    First Confiscation Act in 1861
                    4:28
                    Wilmot Proviso
                    5:17
                    Wilmot Proviso Map
                    5:30
                    Contrabands
                    5:49
                    Union Lines
                    5:52
                    Slavery Began to Disintegrate
                    6:03
                    Lincoln Plans to Emancipate
                    6:34
                    Second Confiscation
                    6:38
                    Initial Draft of Emancipation
                    7:10
                    Emancipation Proclamation
                    8:12
                    Urged Slaves to Abstain from all Violence
                    10:13
                    Freedom to Slaves!
                    10:25
                    Abe Lincoln's Last Card Or Rouge-et-Noir
                    12:31
                    Vicksburg and Gettysburg
                    14:09
                    Vicksburg
                    14:46
                    The Battle at Gettysburg
                    15:30
                    Davis Supporters
                    16:39
                    Gettysburg Address
                    17:09
                    Dedication of the Cemetery for the Union War Dead
                    17:40
                    New Birth of Freedom
                    17:48
                    A War for Union and Freedom
                    17:59
                    The Turning Point
                    20:35
                    Own Regiments
                    20:48
                    The Emancipation Proclamation
                    21:01
                    White Resistance to Conscription
                    21:22
                    Segregated Military
                    21:53
                    Ulysses S. Grant Charge
                    22:04
                    Ulysses S. Grant
                    22:15
                    Fight a Modern War
                    23:00
                    Union and Confederate Soldiers
                    23:33
                    Barren Waste
                    23:52
                    General Philip H Sheridan
                    23:57
                    The Definition of Conventional Warfare
                    24:08
                    African American Man Picks Up Skeletons
                    24:52
                    The Elections of 1864
                    25:29
                    Constitutional Amendment to Abolish Slavery
                    25:37
                    National Union Party
                    25:45
                    Map of the Election of 1864
                    26:45
                    Post-Election
                    27:18
                    Potential Invalidity of Emancipation Proclamation
                    27:30
                    Legality of Abolishing Slavery
                    27:53
                    Sherman's March
                    28:10
                    Accelerated the Pace of Emancipation
                    28:23
                    The 13th Amendment
                    28:33
                    General William Tecumseh Sherman
                    29:00
                    Sherman's March Map
                    29:12
                    The Aftermath of Sherman's March
                    30:17
                    Destruction brought by Sherman
                    30:20
                    Wreak Vengeance
                    30:45
                    A Manpower Shortage
                    30:58
                    Lee's Surrender at Appomattox Court House
                    31:11
                    Appomattox Court House
                    31:32
                    Cost of Victory
                    31:48
                    The Conquest of the South, 1861-1865
                    32:35
                    Casualties and Loss
                    33:10
                    The Lost of the South
                    33:32
                    Destroyed Cities
                    33:46
                    The Thirteenth Amendment Passed
                    34:14
                    Jurisdiction
                    35:07
                    Abolish Slavery
                    35:12
                    Example 1
                    36:19
                    Example 2
                    38:36
                    Example 3
                    41:33
                    Section 6: Period 6: 1865-1898
                    Reconstruction, Part 1

                    49m 57s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:06
                    Reconstruction
                    1:32
                    Readmitting the Southern States
                    2:15
                    Bind Up the Nation's Wounds
                    4:27
                    Freedom Beyond Emancipation
                    5:24
                    Rebellious States
                    6:22
                    Presidential Reconstruction
                    6:29
                    Separation of Power
                    6:59
                    Ten Percent Plan
                    7:41
                    Lenient Policy
                    8:33
                    Congressional Reconstruction
                    9:37
                    Wade-Davis Bill
                    10:00
                    An Oath of Allegiance
                    10:13
                    Pocket veto
                    10:54
                    Lincoln Was Assassinated
                    11:34
                    Ford's Theater
                    11:45
                    The Four Co-conspirators
                    12:19
                    Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction
                    13:16
                    Andrew Johnson
                    13:25
                    Appointed Provisional Governors
                    14:56
                    Rejoining the Union
                    15:20
                    Black Codes and Backlash
                    15:34
                    Black Codes
                    16:10
                    Refuse to Admit the Southern Delegations
                    18:31
                    The Black Codes
                    19:08
                    Freedmen's Bureau
                    20:08
                    Lyman Trumbull
                    21:34
                    Securing the Civil Rights of the Freedmen
                    22:26
                    What Type of Labor System
                    22:52
                    Battles in the Sea Islands
                    22:56
                    True Freedom
                    23:52
                    Gang-Labor System
                    25:08
                    White Man's Government
                    25:33
                    White Supremacy
                    26:55
                    Turned to Washington
                    27:06
                    Congress Versus the President
                    27:17
                    Freedmen's Bureau Bill
                    27:24
                    Trumbull's Civil Rights Bill
                    27:39
                    14th Amendment to the Constitution
                    29:12
                    Fourteenth Amendment
                    29:24
                    All Persons Born or Naturalized in the United States
                    29:34
                    The Equal Protection of the Laws
                    29:53
                    Civil Rights Act
                    31:38
                    Johnson's Response
                    32:00
                    The Fourteenth Amendment Became a Campaign Issue
                    32:45
                    Waving the Bloody Shirt
                    32:57
                    The Civil Rights of Ex-Slaves
                    33:54
                    Radical Republicans
                    34:07
                    Party's Abolitionist Strain
                    34:21
                    Remaking Southern Society
                    35:55
                    Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner
                    36:52
                    The Reconstruction Act of 1867
                    36:54
                    Five Military Districts
                    37:12
                    Prewar Political Class
                    37:32
                    The Tenure of Office
                    37:48
                    Replace Edwin M. Stanton by General Ulysses S. Grant
                    38:18
                    Impeachment of Johnson
                    38:47
                    Impeachment
                    39:03
                    Tenure of Office Act
                    39:31
                    Horatio Seymour
                    40:31
                    Impeachment of Johnson, 1867
                    40:49
                    Example 1
                    41:22
                    Example 2
                    44:09
                    Example 3
                    47:15
                    Reconstruction, Part 2

                    50m

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:06
                    Women's Suffrage Denied
                    1:24
                    Women's Suffrage
                    2:35
                    National Women's Suffrage Association
                    3:17
                    Modern Feminist Movement
                    3:37
                    Out in the Cold
                    3:57
                    Republican Rule in the South
                    5:38
                    Congressional Stipulations
                    5:57
                    Scalawags
                    6:47
                    Carpetbaggers
                    7:09
                    Martial Law in the South
                    8:36
                    The Republican Program
                    9:39
                    Black Officeholders
                    9:54
                    Modernized State Constitutions
                    10:04
                    Tax Assessors and Collectors
                    10:58
                    Republican Reconstruction
                    11:20
                    Public Credit Collapsed
                    11:26
                    Education as the Foundation
                    13:12
                    New African American Churches
                    13:31
                    African Americans Take a Greater Role in Politics
                    14:16
                    Greater Role in Politics
                    14:18
                    The Assemble will Demand Revenge
                    15:13
                    Robert Brown Elliot
                    15:47
                    African Americans in Government
                    16:15
                    Hiram Revels
                    16:26
                    Robert Smalls
                    16:32
                    Blanche K. Bruce
                    16:40
                    African American Majority
                    17:11
                    The Quest of Land
                    18:00
                    Overcome Poverty
                    18:20
                    Southern Homestead Act of 1866
                    19:15
                    Ex-Confederates
                    19:40
                    Sharecropping
                    20:04
                    Sharecropping
                    20:32
                    A Lien on the Crop
                    21:37
                    A Pretext for Peonage
                    21:54
                    Barrow Plantation
                    22:55
                    Ownership of Land after Reconstruction
                    23:55
                    Devastating to Southern Agriculture
                    24:29
                    Violence in the South: Backlash
                    25:02
                    Counterrevolution
                    25:35
                    A Threat to White Supremacy
                    26:33
                    Nathan Bedford Forrest
                    27:15
                    The KKK Act of 1871
                    28:13
                    Worse Than Slavery
                    28:36
                    One Vote Less
                    29:51
                    Democratic Backlash
                    30:21
                    Prosecuting the KKK
                    30:56
                    The Klan
                    31:02
                    Prosecuting Klansmen
                    31:40
                    Democrats Overthrew Republicans Government
                    32:51
                    The Undoing of Reconstruction
                    33:04
                    Redeemers
                    33:17
                    Massive Black Barbarism
                    33:53
                    The Civil Rights Bill
                    34:48
                    The End of Reconstruction
                    35:08
                    Selling Their Votes for Money
                    35:14
                    Refashioned Themselves as Liberals
                    35:48
                    Grant Turned a Blind Eye
                    36:45
                    Grant Wins and Scandals Ensue
                    37:11
                    Whiskey Ring
                    37:54
                    White House
                    38:07
                    Credit Mobiler
                    38:49
                    Depression
                    39:20
                    The Bankruptcy of the Northern Pacific Railway
                    39:28
                    Freedman's Savings and Trust Company
                    40:05
                    Lost its Moral Claim on the Country
                    40:39
                    Grantism
                    41:13
                    Scandal-Ridden Administration
                    41:18
                    Triumphant Foreign Tour
                    41:35
                    The Political Crisis of 1877
                    41:46
                    Home Rule
                    42:02
                    Disputed Votes to Hayes
                    42:45
                    Hayes was Inaugurated
                    43:03
                    The End of Reconstruction
                    43:23
                    Compromise of 1877
                    43:28
                    3 Rights-Defining Amendments
                    44:00
                    Example 1
                    45:01
                    Example 2
                    46:12
                    Example 3
                    47:52
                    The American West

                    58m 16s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:05
                    The U.S. Frontier and Industrialism
                    2:47
                    Post Civil War Republican Vision
                    4:05
                    Laissez-Faire Approach
                    5:04
                    Spread of American Industrialism Movement
                    6:50
                    The Great Plains and The West
                    7:05
                    Semiarid Great Plains
                    7:13
                    Arid West
                    7:20
                    Small Pox and Measles
                    7:43
                    Map of the U.S.
                    8:13
                    Native American Tribes and Lands Ceded
                    9:26
                    The Sioux
                    10:48
                    Antelope and Buffalo
                    11:03
                    Pawnees, Mandans and Euro-Americans
                    11:34
                    Westward Migration Into “Indian Country”
                    11:42
                    American Fever
                    12:24
                    Exodusters and Kansas
                    13:00
                    Union Pacific and Central Pacific
                    13:29
                    Telegraph Lines
                    13:56
                    Farming and Railroads in the West
                    14:05
                    Cattle Raising
                    14:06
                    New Technologies
                    15:22
                    Settlement of the Great Plains
                    16:37
                    The Transcontinental Railroad
                    17:03
                    Promontory Point, UT
                    17:18
                    Gold Rush in 1849
                    17:36
                    The Increase of Non-Native American Population
                    18:14
                    Hit the Trails
                    18:26
                    Chinese
                    18:48
                    Gold Rush and Cattle Ranching
                    19:18
                    Silver Mining and Other Industries
                    20:15
                    Open-Range Ranching
                    21:05
                    Long Drive
                    21:56
                    Cowboys and Buffalo Bill's Wild West
                    22:57
                    Buffalo Bill
                    23:22
                    The Wild West Show
                    23:56
                    Little Annie Oakley
                    24:40
                    The Wild West Show
                    25:59
                    Homesteaders and Homestead Act of 1862
                    27:24
                    Homestead Act of 1862
                    27:40
                    The U.S. Geological Survey
                    29:08
                    Department of the Interior
                    29:14
                    Farming and the Grange
                    29:23
                    Meat Packing Industry
                    29:41
                    National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry
                    31:07
                    Oliver H. Kelley
                    31:20
                    Montgomery Ward
                    31:41
                    Oliver Kelley, Founder of the Grange
                    32:13
                    Native Americans and the West
                    32:36
                    A Peace Commission in 1867
                    32:58
                    Bureau of Indian Affairs
                    33:30
                    Reservations
                    34:03
                    SW Dakota Territory
                    35:05
                    Apaches, Navajos and Utes
                    35:22
                    Fort Laramie Treaty
                    35:45
                    Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce
                    36:16
                    Battle of Little Big Horn
                    37:45
                    The Nez Perce
                    37:48
                    George Custer
                    38:37
                    Little Big Horn
                    38:54
                    Assimilation Polices
                    39:49
                    Education and Religious Indoctrination of American Indians
                    40:13
                    The Carlisle Boarding School
                    40:33
                    Helen Hunt Jackson
                    41:26
                    A Century of Dishonor
                    41:31
                    Helen Hunt Jackson and Dawes Severalty Act
                    42:03
                    Private Property and Severalty
                    42:17
                    The Dawes Act
                    43:07
                    Indian Education
                    43:37
                    The Ghost Dance
                    44:11
                    Native American Civilization
                    44:26
                    Wovoka
                    44:32
                    Wounded Knee, 1890
                    45:21
                    The Long War of Suppression of the Plains Indians
                    46:07
                    The End of Indian Wars
                    46:22
                    Railroad Workers, Miners and Cowboys
                    46:56
                    The Diverse West and California
                    47:12
                    The High Sierras
                    47:31
                    Asian Migration
                    47:48
                    The Six Companies
                    47:55
                    Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
                    48:10
                    Chinese Exclusion Act
                    48:43
                    Japanese Immigrants
                    49:10
                    Biased Anti-Chinese Imagery
                    49:34
                    Golden California
                    50:25
                    Mark Twain and Bret Harte
                    50:50
                    Southern Pacific Railroad
                    51:12
                    John Muir
                    51:26
                    Sierra Club
                    51:45
                    Public Parks Established
                    52:03
                    Rampant Overdevelopment
                    52:32
                    Yosemite Valley
                    52:38
                    Yellowstone Valley
                    52:47
                    Example 1
                    53:20
                    Example 2
                    55:48
                    The Rise of the Industrial U.S.

                    50m 27s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:06
                    The Age of Steel
                    2:37
                    The Bessemer Process
                    3:54
                    Andrew Carnegie
                    4:36
                    U.S. Steel Corporation
                    5:04
                    Andrew Carnegie
                    5:16
                    Rags to Riches
                    5:31
                    Vertical Integration
                    6:22
                    Carnegie Steel
                    6:53
                    Two Carnegeian Influential Ideologies
                    7:38
                    Social Darwinism
                    8:18
                    William Graham Sumner
                    10:37
                    Gospel of Wealth
                    11:07
                    Philanthropy
                    11:30
                    The Railroad Business
                    12:26
                    Increase of Railroad Construction
                    12:58
                    John Murray Forbes, Cornelius Vanderbilt and James Hill
                    13:52
                    Investment Banks
                    14:12
                    Map of Railroad Development
                    14:44
                    Corporate Consolidation
                    15:44
                    Scarcity of Jobs and Money
                    16:24
                    The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
                    17:53
                    Corporate Consolidation
                    18:38
                    Corporations
                    18:54
                    Corporation
                    19:03
                    Limited Liability
                    19:39
                    Dominated by a Few Individuals
                    20:36
                    Big Four
                    21:11
                    Cornelius Vanderbilt
                    21:40
                    Robber Baron
                    22:08
                    Horatio Alger
                    23:47
                    Synonym for Enormous Wealth and Excessive Corporate
                    24:42
                    “Modern Colossus of Roads” by Joseph Keppler in Puck in 1879
                    24:56
                    The Great Strike of 1877
                    25:28
                    Railroad Mogul
                    25:34
                    The Great Strike of 1877
                    25:47
                    Fall of Railroad Building
                    27:25
                    Manufacturing Output Increased
                    28:10
                    John D. Rockefeller
                    28:35
                    Black Gold
                    28:43
                    Horizontal Integration
                    29:36
                    Cut-Throat Competition
                    29:49
                    Vertical and Horizontal Integration
                    30:29
                    Gustavus Swift and Philip Armour's Meatpacking
                    31:45
                    Dominated Meatpacking
                    31:56
                    Refrigerator Cars
                    32:12
                    Other Businesses
                    32:31
                    Tobacco, Farm Machinery, Sewing Machine and Cereals
                    32:35
                    Cartels
                    32:44
                    Trusts
                    32:53
                    Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
                    33:50
                    The Basic Federal Antimonopoly Law
                    34:04
                    Congress Government Intervention in the Free Economy
                    34:43
                    United States v. E.C. Knight
                    35:52
                    Standard Oil Company v. United States
                    36:19
                    Laissez-Faire, and the Gilded Age
                    37:48
                    Laissez-Faire Approach
                    38:14
                    Industrial Giant
                    38:49
                    The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today
                    38:58
                    Democratic Vistas
                    39:43
                    Chromo Civilization
                    39:50
                    The Gilded Age
                    39:58
                    Glittery
                    40:09
                    Crass Corruption
                    40:27
                    Robber Barons: History Repeats Itself
                    41:26
                    Robber Barons
                    42:31
                    Example 1
                    43:13
                    Example 2
                    45:29
                    Example 3
                    46:53
                    Working People and the Labor Movement in the Gilded Age

                    38m 41s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:07
                    The World of Work
                    2:14
                    Farm Folk and Artisans
                    2:37
                    White-Collar Jobs
                    3:03
                    Negative Aspects of Urban Life
                    4:19
                    Outside Labor For Industries
                    5:13
                    Types of Jobs
                    6:53
                    Working Trends
                    8:10
                    Women Working More for Wages
                    8:24
                    Race, Ethnicity and Gender
                    9:04
                    Mechanized Jobs
                    9:43
                    Collective Bargaining
                    10:00
                    Immigration Affects the Working World
                    10:53
                    Huge Migration from the old World
                    11:04
                    Austrian, Hungarians and other Slavic People
                    11:20
                    The Labor Movement
                    12:09
                    The Knights of Labor
                    12:22
                    Cooperative Commonwealth
                    13:30
                    Social Reforms
                    13:55
                    Collective Bargaining and Closed Shops
                    14:02
                    Terence Powderly
                    14:16
                    Closed Shops
                    15:15
                    Open to all who Toiled
                    15:47
                    The Woman's Bureau of the Knights
                    15:55
                    The Knights Boycotted Against Gould
                    16:15
                    Boycott Against Unfair Employers
                    16:34
                    Jay Gould's Southwestern Railway System
                    16:39
                    Disorganized Strike
                    17:20
                    Haymarket Square Incident
                    17:38
                    Blamed on Anarchists
                    16:20
                    An Antiunion Hysteria
                    18:52
                    Yellow-Dog Contracts
                    19:30
                    The Knights of Labor
                    20:21
                    The AFL
                    20:28
                    American Federation of Labor
                    20:35
                    National Trade Unions
                    21:26
                    Bread and Butter Issues
                    21:39
                    Samuel Gompers
                    22:15
                    Samuel Gompers, Unions and Modern Strikes
                    22:53
                    Homestead Strike
                    24:21
                    Henry Frick
                    24:41
                    Put an End to Trade Unions in the Steel Industry
                    25:45
                    Pullman Strike
                    26:13
                    President Cleveland
                    26:57
                    Secondary Labor Boycott
                    27:16
                    Contempt of Court
                    28:24
                    In re Debs in 1895
                    28:50
                    The use of Injunctions against Strikes
                    29:04
                    Socialism and the American Socialist Party
                    29:15
                    The IWW
                    30:07
                    The Wobblies
                    30:13
                    Marxist Class Struggle
                    30:19
                    General Strike
                    30:27
                    Syndicalism
                    30:33
                    Influence of Socialism and Debs
                    31:06
                    Social Darwinists
                    31:28
                    Eugene Debs
                    32:02
                    Labor Unions
                    32:19
                    Example 1
                    33:02
                    Example 2
                    35:40
                    Example 3
                    37:09
                    Immigration, Urban, Culture and Politics

                    48m 51s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:07
                    Ward Politics and Political Bosses
                    0:56
                    Urban Political Machines
                    1:40
                    Tammany Hall in New York
                    1:56
                    Grassroots Constituency
                    3:10
                    Boss Tweed
                    4:30
                    The Political Machine and Corruption
                    5:34
                    George Plunkitt
                    7:13
                    Regular System
                    7:21
                    Honest Graft
                    7:43
                    Social Changes
                    10:54
                    Class Society
                    11:00
                    Increase in Suburbanization
                    11:25
                    American Woman's Home Journal
                    12:19
                    A Clash of Values
                    12:51
                    The Victorian Ideal of Domesticity
                    13:09
                    Clash of Victorian Ideas
                    13:59
                    Comstock Law
                    14:35
                    Religion and Secularism in the City
                    15:26
                    Orthodox Judaism
                    16:15
                    Catholic Church
                    17:25
                    Protestant Churches
                    18:04
                    Working-Class Culture and Journalism
                    19:10
                    Working-Class Culture
                    19:28
                    Joseph Pulitzer
                    20:05
                    Heart's New York Journal
                    20:14
                    The Higher Culture
                    21:58
                    The Corcoran Gallery of Art
                    22:12
                    Symphony Orchestras
                    22:53
                    Increase in Public Libraries
                    23:08
                    The Gilded Age
                    24:46
                    Ellis Island and Angel Island
                    25:31
                    Ellis Island
                    26:15
                    Angel Island
                    27:02
                    Paper Sons and Paper Daughters
                    28:00
                    The Immigrant Experience
                    28:36
                    “Old” and “New” Immigrants
                    31:12
                    Immigrant Challenges and Opportunities
                    32:06
                    Fraternal Organizations
                    32:34
                    Labor Force in Factories
                    35:25
                    Backlash Against Immigrants
                    35:57
                    The “Land of Milk and Honey”
                    37:18
                    Old Immigrants
                    38:05
                    Push and Pull
                    38:19
                    Immigration Cartoons
                    38:25
                    Urban Life: Technology Improves Life
                    39:49
                    New Forms of Transportation
                    40:25
                    Suburbs
                    40:45
                    Public-Works Programs
                    40:50
                    Skyscrapers and Subways
                    41:03
                    Frederick Law Olmsted's Central Park
                    41:18
                    Designed in 1860s
                    42:14
                    Inspired Other Parks
                    42:18
                    Urban Problems
                    42:29
                    Tenements
                    42:33
                    Poor Conditions
                    42:45
                    Example 1
                    43:32
                    Example 2
                    44:42
                    Example 3
                    45:57
                    The New South and The Farmers Mobilize

                    45m 21s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:07
                    Frontier Thesis
                    3:07
                    Jackson Turner
                    3:48
                    The Significance of the Frontier in American History
                    4:25
                    The Decline of the Dominance of Rural America
                    6:17
                    A “New South”
                    7:19
                    Economic Growth in the South
                    7:34
                    Henry Grady
                    8:31
                    Tax Exemptions
                    8:43
                    The “New South”
                    9:10
                    Poverty in the South
                    10:02
                    Mostly Agricultural
                    10:06
                    Lacked Technological Skills
                    10:17
                    Cycle of Poverty
                    10:46
                    George Washington Carver
                    11:09
                    Class, Race and Politics in the New South
                    11:50
                    Inequality
                    12:14
                    Redeemers
                    12:32
                    Gerrymandering
                    13:10
                    Readjusters
                    13:24
                    The Colored Farmers' Alliance
                    15:04
                    Discrimination and Jim Crow
                    15:21
                    White Man's Party and the Solid South
                    15:57
                    Problems at the Polls
                    16:17
                    Court Cases and Discrimination
                    18:09
                    Civil Rights Cases of 1883
                    18:44
                    Plessy v. Ferguson
                    19:11
                    Williams v. Mississippi
                    21:42
                    Civil Rights Activists Fight Back
                    22:22
                    Boycotts of Streetcars
                    22:48
                    Ida Wells-Barnett's Anti-Lynching Campaign
                    23:03
                    Booker T. Washington and W.E.B Du Bois
                    24:33
                    Farmers Face Problems
                    25:11
                    Grange Movement
                    25:41
                    The Farmers' Alliances
                    26:14
                    The National Alliance
                    26:48
                    The Populist Movement
                    27:44
                    A Catalyst for Political Crisis
                    28:25
                    A Class Ideology
                    29:13
                    Omaha Convention
                    29:44
                    The Texas Alliance's Subtreasury Plan
                    30:03
                    Women Populists
                    30:37
                    Populist Movement
                    30:48
                    Raise Less Corn and More Hell
                    30:56
                    Election of 1862 Map
                    31:18
                    The Texas Alliance's Subtreasury System
                    32:09
                    Public Warehouse
                    32:26
                    Subtreasury
                    32:40
                    Rejected by the Democrats
                    33:05
                    Railroad Regulations
                    33:23
                    Munn v. Illinois
                    33:57
                    For the Common Good
                    34:22
                    Richard B. Olney and Roscoe Conkling
                    34:46
                    Replaced by Judges with Pro-Business Records
                    34:58
                    The Wabash Case
                    35:08
                    Infringed on the Exclusive power of Congress
                    35:27
                    Only the Federal Government Could Regulate Railroads
                    36:21
                    The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
                    36:32
                    The Interstate Commerce Act of 1886
                    36:39
                    ICC
                    36:41
                    Harrison, Cleveland and McKinley
                    38:12
                    Ineffective for the First 20 Years
                    38:23
                    Example 1
                    38:44
                    Example 2
                    40:51
                    Example 3
                    43:06
                    Politics of the Gilded Age

                    48m 1s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:06
                    Campaign Strategy of “Do-Little” Government
                    2:46
                    Close Elections
                    3:30
                    Campaigning
                    4:30
                    Senator Roscoe Conkling
                    5:53
                    Waving the Bloody Shirt
                    6:40
                    Big City Political Machines
                    6:58
                    Presidential Politics
                    7:24
                    Rutherford B. Hayes
                    7:28
                    James Garfield
                    8:31
                    The Great Presidential Puzzle
                    9:58
                    Roscoe Conkling
                    10:01
                    James A. Garfield
                    10:27
                    Presidential Politics
                    10:42
                    Chester A. Arthur
                    10:46
                    Pendleton Act
                    11:08
                    Grover Cleveland
                    11:59
                    Grover the Good
                    12:10
                    Another President Who Had a Rise in the World
                    13:11
                    The Toe-Path to the White House
                    13:16
                    New York Customs House
                    13:19
                    The Politics of the Status Quo
                    13:53
                    The Pendleton Act
                    14:11
                    Civil Service Commission
                    14:16
                    Excise Tax and tariff
                    14:47
                    Cultural Politics and the People
                    15:29
                    Politics Became a Form of Entertainment
                    15:51
                    Party Loyalty
                    15:54
                    Ethnocultural Issues
                    16:25
                    Republican Factions
                    16:47
                    Stalwarts
                    17:18
                    Roscoe Conkling's Faction
                    17:24
                    Half-breeds
                    17:41
                    James G Blaine
                    17:47
                    Blaine Covered in Scandals
                    18:14
                    Mugwumps
                    20:14
                    Mugwumps
                    20:27
                    Fence-Sitters
                    21:11
                    The Adoption of the Secret Ballot
                    21:40
                    Images of Mugwumps
                    21:54
                    Grover Cleveland
                    23:18
                    First Democrat
                    23:23
                    Treasury Crisis
                    23:50
                    The Money Question
                    24:29
                    Sound-Money
                    24:38
                    An Era of Chronic Deflation
                    25:02
                    Bland-Allison Act of 1878
                    25:14
                    Coxey's Army
                    25:46
                    Jacob Coxey
                    25:48
                    The Creation of Government Jobs
                    26:33
                    The Issus of Government Bonds
                    26:53
                    Assist the Unemployed
                    26:59
                    Women and Politics
                    27:49
                    National American Woman Suffrage Association
                    28:34
                    State Campaigns
                    29:06
                    Separate Spheres
                    29:38
                    Women and Temperance
                    30:31
                    Woman's Christian Temperance Union
                    30:34
                    Frances Willard
                    31:00
                    Carry Nation
                    32:01
                    Prohibition Supporters
                    32:39
                    Election of 1896
                    33:21
                    Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894
                    34:20
                    J.P. Morgan
                    34:35
                    William Jennings Bryan
                    35:07
                    Bryan's “Cross of Gold” Speech
                    35:41
                    The Democratic Silver Campaign
                    36:07
                    The Paralyzing Equilibrium
                    37:22
                    “Cross of Gold” Speech
                    37:50
                    Laboring Interests
                    38:00
                    The Toilers
                    38:02
                    Election of 1892 and 1896
                    38:43
                    McKinley's Consolidation
                    39:12
                    Republican Dominance in National Politics
                    39:43
                    Example 1
                    40:14
                    Example 2
                    42:55
                    Example 3
                    45:12
                    Section 7: Period 7: 1890 - 1945
                    Progressive Era, Part 1

                    45m 1s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:05
                    Progressivism
                    1:23
                    Social Justice
                    2:27
                    Industrialization or Urbanization
                    3:32
                    Corrupt Government Officials
                    4:02
                    Urban Middle Class
                    4:29
                    Jane Addams and Hull House
                    4:48
                    Jane Addams
                    4:58
                    Hull House
                    5:06
                    A New Sense of Urgency
                    5:25
                    Alleviate Social Problems
                    5:34
                    Settlement Movement
                    5:51
                    Progressive Ideas
                    6:33
                    William James
                    7:19
                    Walter Rauschenbusch
                    8:05
                    Muckrakers
                    8:36
                    Muckrakers
                    9:53
                    McClure's and Collier's
                    10:07
                    New Kind of Reform
                    10:19
                    Progress and Poverty
                    10:48
                    Effects of Laissez-Faire Economics
                    11:04
                    Inequalities Wealth
                    11:13
                    Looking Backward
                    11:28
                    A Cooperative Society
                    11:37
                    Greater Government Regulation
                    11:47
                    How the Other Half Lives
                    12:01
                    Jacob A. Riis
                    12:04
                    A Danish Immigrant
                    12:06
                    Immigrant Ghettoes
                    12:23
                    Women Progressives
                    13:17
                    Humanitarian Work
                    13:22
                    Josephine Shaw Lowell
                    13:28
                    National Consumers' League
                    14:10
                    A Wave for Protective Laws
                    15:07
                    Louis D. Brandeis
                    15:30
                    The People's Attorney
                    15:38
                    Brandeis Brief
                    16:17
                    Supreme Court Justice
                    17:37
                    Other Female Reformers
                    17:47
                    Margaret Sanger
                    17:52
                    American Birth Control League
                    18:23
                    National Association of Colored Women
                    18:42
                    National Women's Trade Union League
                    18:57
                    Suffrage Movement
                    19:22
                    The National Woman's Party
                    19:56
                    Woman Suffrage Association
                    20:54
                    The 19th Amendment
                    21:17
                    Images of Suffrage Movement
                    21:45
                    Urban Liberalism
                    22:02
                    The Needs of the Poor
                    22:08
                    Voluntarism
                    23:02
                    The Industrial Hazards and Accidents
                    23:35
                    Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
                    23:49
                    New York State Factory Commission
                    26:31
                    Tammany
                    27:10
                    Cultural Pluralism Embattled
                    27:32
                    Progressive Goal
                    28:35
                    The Anti-Saloon League
                    29:01
                    Populist Ideas Implemented Into Politics
                    30:05
                    The Direct Primary
                    31:12
                    Initiative
                    31:30
                    Referendum
                    31:35
                    Recall
                    31:50
                    From the State to the Federal Level
                    32:09
                    Progressive Governors
                    32:43
                    Robert La Follette
                    32:55
                    Hiram Johnson
                    33:17
                    Theodore Roosevelt
                    33:29
                    Woodrow Wilson
                    33:39
                    Progressivism and National Politics
                    33:54
                    Teddy Roosevelt
                    35:08
                    Dakota Territory
                    35:22
                    Teddy Roosevelt
                    35:38
                    Civil Service Commission
                    35:47
                    Secretary of the Navy
                    35:50
                    Rough Riders
                    36:15
                    Trust Buster
                    36:37
                    Square Deal
                    36:38
                    Example 1
                    36:53
                    Example 2
                    40:20
                    Example 3
                    43:07
                    Progressive Era, Part 2

                    38m 58s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:04
                    TR's Square Deal, 1901-1909
                    1:04
                    Taking Advantage of Small Business
                    1:21
                    Trustbusting and Regulating
                    1:51
                    Coal Strike in 1902
                    2:34
                    Regulating the Railroads
                    3:16
                    Interstate Commerce Commission
                    3:20
                    Elkins Act in 1903
                    4:03
                    Hepburn Act in 1904
                    4:17
                    Regulating Food Industry
                    4:45
                    The Jungle
                    5:02
                    The Meat Inspection Act in 1906
                    7:26
                    The Pure Food and Drug Act and FDA
                    7:38
                    Slaughterhouse
                    8:11
                    The “Trust Buster”?
                    8:42
                    Bad Trusts
                    9:47
                    Good Trusts
                    9:54
                    Other Regulations
                    11:04
                    Sherman Antitrust Act
                    11:32
                    The Bureau of Corporations
                    12:02
                    Northern Securities Company
                    12:14
                    Standard Oil, American Tobacco and DuPont
                    12:41
                    Teddy's gentlemen's Agreement
                    13:06
                    Trans-Missouri Decision
                    13:19
                    Gentlemen's Agreement
                    14:36
                    The Infant Hercules and the Standard Oil Serpents
                    14:52
                    Environmental Regulations
                    15:02
                    Environmentalist or Conservationist
                    15:14
                    National Parks
                    15:22
                    Rational Use of Gifford Pinchot
                    15:51
                    National Reclamation Act
                    16:31
                    Republican Progressives Fracture
                    16:53
                    William Howard Taft
                    17:19
                    Payne-Aldrich Act
                    17:46
                    Whistle-Blowing on a Conspiracy
                    18:23
                    Joseph Cannon
                    18:42
                    Congress's Leading Conservative
                    19:01
                    Dictator
                    19:06
                    The Progressive Faction
                    19:14
                    Dissident Faction
                    19:29
                    Progressives or Insurgents
                    19:31
                    Standard Oil
                    19:51
                    Pursued Monopolies
                    20:46
                    Progressive Amendments Under Taft
                    20:54
                    16th Amendment
                    21:16
                    17th Amendment
                    21:20
                    Roosevelt Strikes Back
                    21:36
                    New Nationalism
                    21:38
                    Child Labor Law
                    21:53
                    Strong As a Bull Moose
                    22:10
                    Civil Rights Movement Heats Up
                    22:21
                    Booker T. Washington
                    22:38
                    Atlanta Compromise
                    23:10
                    W.E.B. Du Bois
                    23:41
                    The Soul of Black Folk
                    24:06
                    Niagara Movement
                    24:58
                    William Monroe Trotter
                    25:03
                    Niagara Falls
                    25:15
                    Comprehensive Education
                    25:30
                    The NAACP
                    25:45
                    The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
                    25:53
                    Challenge Unfair Laws
                    26:09
                    The Urban League
                    26:31
                    Providing Welfare to Black Migrants
                    26:45
                    A Network Created
                    27:06
                    Woodrow Wilson's “New Freedom”
                    27:25
                    A Middle Way that Bears the Powers Of Government
                    27:42
                    Place Strict Government Controls on Corporation
                    28:13
                    New Freedom
                    28:20
                    Triple Wall of Privilege
                    28:26
                    The Underwood Tariff Act of 1913
                    28:38
                    Federal Reserve Act of 1913
                    29:07
                    The Federal Trade Commission
                    29:34
                    The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
                    30:00
                    The Federal Farm Loan Act
                    30:54
                    A Federal Child Labor Law
                    31:06
                    Example 1
                    31:18
                    Example 2
                    33:18
                    Example 3
                    36:20
                    Example 4
                    37:36
                    The U.S. Becomes a World Power

                    56m 1s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:08
                    The Roots of U.S. Imperialism
                    2:12
                    Abandon the Policy of Neutrality
                    4:00
                    Upgraded Navy
                    5:04
                    The Influences of Sea Power Upon History
                    5:16
                    Latin America and Asia
                    8:38
                    Economics Interests
                    8:54
                    Extractive Economies
                    9:10
                    Natural Resources and Raw Material
                    9:49
                    GDP Quadrupled and Businesses
                    10:09
                    Imperialist Nations
                    11:09
                    The Economy of Expansion
                    11:40
                    The Purchase of Alaska
                    13:19
                    William Seward
                    13:45
                    Natural Resources
                    14:19
                    U.S. In Asia and in the Pacific
                    15:05
                    Commodore Matthew Perry
                    15:14
                    Hawaiian Islands
                    16:46
                    Midway Islands
                    16:56
                    Pearl Harbor
                    17:25
                    Perry's Squadron in Japan
                    17:31
                    U.S. Possessions in the Pacific
                    17:54
                    The U.S. Annexes Hawaii
                    19:05
                    Sugar Plantations
                    19:32
                    Voting Rights
                    19:39
                    McKinley Tariff
                    20:14
                    An official U.S. Territory
                    21:41
                    William McKinley and Imperialist Influences
                    22:55
                    Assistant Secretary of the Navy
                    24:34
                    Henry Cabot Lodge
                    24:45
                    William Jennings Bryan and Grover Cleveland
                    25:51
                    Causes of Spanish-American War
                    26:10
                    Spain as a Declining Imperial Power
                    26:32
                    Cuban Independence Movement
                    27:42
                    Guerilla Tactics
                    28:00
                    Yellow Journalism
                    28:52
                    Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst
                    29:11
                    Yellow Press
                    29:18
                    The Maine
                    30:47
                    Hearst and Pulitzer
                    31:03
                    Cartoon of Hearst and Pulitzer
                    31:04
                    You Furnish the Pictures, and I'll furnish the war
                    31:49
                    Jingoism
                    32:08
                    Maine Blows Up
                    32:32
                    War with Spain
                    33:19
                    Remember the Maine
                    33:20
                    The Teller Amendment
                    33:36
                    Enlisted in the Army
                    34:15
                    The Duty of the Hour
                    34:36
                    Spanish-American Cuban War
                    35:54
                    Two Theaters of War
                    37:18
                    Commodore Dewey
                    37:20
                    The Rough Riders
                    37:46
                    Deaths in the War
                    38:17
                    Battle of San Juan Hill
                    38:38
                    Treaty of Paris and Aftermath
                    38:51
                    The U.S. bought Philippines
                    39:04
                    An Imperial Power
                    40:18
                    Splendid Little War
                    40:48
                    U.S. Foreign Policy
                    41:17
                    Anti-Imperialist concerns
                    41:39
                    Filipinos Rebel Against U.S. Rule
                    43:36
                    Emilio Aguinaldo
                    43:58
                    An Insurrection Against U.S. Rule
                    44:26
                    Death in the Fighting
                    44:52
                    U.S. Policy in Puerto Rico and Cuba
                    45:32
                    Puerto Rico
                    45:40
                    The Foraker Act
                    45:51
                    Insular Cases
                    46:58
                    The Jones-Shafroth Act
                    47:29
                    The Platt Amendment
                    47:56
                    The Platt Amendment
                    48:07
                    Lease Naval Stations to U.S.
                    48:36
                    Cuban Constitution
                    49:14
                    Example 1
                    50:01
                    Example 2
                    51:18
                    Example 3
                    53:21
                    U.S. Foreign Policy Under Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, and Woodrow Wilson

                    47m 55s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    1:06
                    Roosevelt's “Big Stick” Policy
                    2:21
                    Strong Military Action
                    4:35
                    Civilize or Uplift Weaker Nations
                    5:00
                    Anglo-American Friendship
                    5:42
                    Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick
                    6:45
                    The U.S. Builds the Panama Canal
                    7:57
                    Ferdinand de Lesseps
                    8:08
                    Panama Route
                    9:16
                    Declared its Independence
                    9:25
                    Canal Zone
                    9:38
                    The Panama Canal
                    9:52
                    Commanding Commercial and Strategic Position
                    10:12
                    Control Malaria
                    10:41
                    Combat Several Tropical Diseases
                    11:04
                    Panama Canal
                    11:24
                    Roosevelt Corollary
                    11:47
                    Age of Economic Imperialism
                    12:11
                    Police Power
                    13:25
                    Latin Americans' Reactions
                    14:34
                    Aggressive Form with Mr. Roosevelt
                    15:27
                    Sovereignty and Liberty of Nicaraguans
                    15:33
                    U.S. Pursues Interests in China
                    16:10
                    Spheres of Influence
                    17:34
                    Secretary of State John Hay
                    18:35
                    Spheres of Influence
                    19:05
                    Chinese Response to Imperialism
                    20:24
                    The Boxer Rebellion
                    20:42
                    Western Devils
                    21:28
                    U.S. and Japanese Troops
                    21:55
                    Hay Reaffirms the Open Door Policy
                    22:26
                    Support Chinese Students
                    22:37
                    A Trade Relationship
                    22:57
                    Scholarships for Chinese Students
                    23:02
                    Tensions Between U.S. and Japan Rise
                    23:36
                    The Spheres of Influence in China
                    23:44
                    A Peace Treaty
                    24:17
                    The Root-Takahira Agreement of 1900
                    25:02
                    Anti-Asian Backlash in the U.S.
                    25:21
                    Prejudice Against Asian-Americans
                    26:09
                    Gentlemen's Agreement
                    26:58
                    Taft's Dollar Diplomacy
                    27:18
                    Increase U.S. Investments in Businesses
                    27:51
                    The Rationale
                    28:36
                    Chinese Revolution
                    29:17
                    Woodrow Wilson Shifts the Foreign Policy
                    29:52
                    Anti-Imperialist William Jennings Bryan
                    30:57
                    Moral Diplomacy
                    31:17
                    Agreement with Haiti
                    32:15
                    Dominican Republic and Mexico
                    32:35
                    U.S. and Mexican Revolution
                    32:43
                    Caudillos and Coup d'etats
                    33:46
                    Counsel Mexico for its Own Good
                    34:47
                    Venustiano Carranza
                    35:08
                    U.S. “Punitive Expedition”
                    35:50
                    Francisco Poncho Villa and Emiliano Zapata
                    35:58
                    Punitive Expedition
                    37:10
                    Tension Were Brewing in Europe
                    37:55
                    Triple Alliance and Dual Alliance
                    38:24
                    Triple Entente
                    38:44
                    The Apostle of Peace
                    39:50
                    Triple Alliance and Triple Entente
                    40:13
                    International Efforts for Peace
                    40:29
                    Hague Peace Conference of 1899
                    40:31
                    Erosion of the Nation's Sovereignty
                    40:47
                    Cooling Off Treaties
                    40:59
                    Example 1
                    41:32
                    Example 2
                    43:33
                    Example 3
                    46:03
                    The Great War

                    45m 12s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:06
                    Causes of the Great War
                    0:47
                    A Brutal War Between European Nations
                    2:32
                    Franco-Prussian War
                    3:02
                    Nationalism
                    3:28
                    Europe Map, 1914
                    4:40
                    Assassination Hurtles Europe Toward WW1
                    6:11
                    Archduke Francis Ferdinand
                    6:24
                    Young Bosnia
                    7:57
                    Kaiser William II
                    8:41
                    Fighting Breaks Out
                    8:56
                    Ultimatum
                    9:07
                    Austria-Hungary Declares War
                    9:22
                    Pan-Slavism
                    9:26
                    Trench Warfare and Deadly Weapons
                    10:28
                    No Man's Land
                    11:32
                    War of Attrition
                    11:47
                    Western Front
                    12:09
                    Modern Weapons
                    12:47
                    Wilson Urges For Neutrality
                    13:09
                    U.S. Exceptionalism
                    13:29
                    Isolationists, Interventionists and the Internationalists
                    15:10
                    Key Events in 1915 and 1916
                    15:57
                    No Longer Attack Passenger Ships Without Warning
                    16:17
                    German Invasion of Neutral Belgium
                    16:29
                    A Slim Margin
                    17:03
                    Early Anti-War Sentiments
                    17:30
                    Domestic Divisions
                    17:40
                    Cancellation of Irish Home Rule
                    17:48
                    Robert La Follette of Wisconsin and George Norris of NE
                    18:08
                    Andrew Carnegie and Henry Ford
                    18:59
                    Pro-War Propaganda
                    19:08
                    Wilson Abandons Neutrality
                    20:43
                    Blockade Against Britain
                    20:48
                    Lusitania
                    21:13
                    Sussex
                    22:30
                    The National Defense Act
                    22:48
                    The Naval Construction Act
                    22:52
                    Sinking of Lusitania
                    23:00
                    The Zimmermann Note
                    23:27
                    Germans Proposed an Alliance with Mexico
                    23:39
                    Intercepted Telegram
                    23:58
                    Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
                    24:07
                    The Home Front
                    24:21
                    The Lives of Ordinary Americans
                    24:58
                    Conscription
                    25:10
                    Doughboys
                    25:46
                    Slackers
                    25:53
                    We Want You!
                    26:03
                    Wartime Economy
                    27:24
                    War Industries Board
                    28:15
                    Bernard Baruch
                    28:26
                    The Food Administration
                    28:47
                    The Committee on Public Information
                    29:18
                    George Creel Directed the CPI
                    30:02
                    More Propaganda Posters and Songs
                    31:12
                    Opposition and Hope For Minorities
                    33:57
                    Conscientious Objectors
                    34:19
                    Women's Peace Party
                    34:39
                    The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
                    34:46
                    Segregated Regiments
                    35:25
                    Crackdown on Dissent
                    37:28
                    Espionage Act
                    38:18
                    The Sedition Act
                    38:46
                    Example 1
                    39:39
                    Example 2
                    40:39
                    Example 3
                    42:50
                    The End of the Great War, Its Effect, and The Interwar Period

                    40m 27s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:08
                    The War Changes U.S. Society
                    1:02
                    More Opportunities for Women
                    2:15
                    American Women's Hospital Service
                    2:50
                    The Great Migration
                    4:07
                    Race Riots
                    4:19
                    Barrios
                    4:44
                    Protesters Finally Reach Their Goal
                    4:52
                    Great Migration
                    5:32
                    Wilson , War and Peace
                    6:46
                    Entering the War
                    6:50
                    Convoying
                    8:21
                    Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
                    9:07
                    The End of the War
                    9:48
                    Eddie Rickenbacker
                    9:55
                    Compiegne, France
                    10:47
                    Casualties
                    11:10
                    Armistice
                    11:23
                    “Peace Without Victory”
                    11:59
                    The Morality of the Allied
                    12:11
                    Fourteen Points
                    12:47
                    League of Nations
                    13:55
                    Paris Peace Conference
                    14:26
                    Paris Peace Conference
                    14:32
                    A Peace Settlement that Punished Germany
                    14:40
                    War Guilt
                    14:52
                    The League of Nations as Part of the Treaty
                    16:02
                    Map, 1918
                    16:37
                    Many U.S. Citizens Reject Treaty
                    17:45
                    Irreconcilables
                    17:54
                    Reservationists
                    18:27
                    Article X viewed as Unconstitutional
                    18:48
                    The Aftermath of the War
                    20:04
                    Isolationism
                    20:20
                    Red Scare
                    20:58
                    A Creditor Nation
                    22:32
                    Schenck v. United States, 1919
                    22:42
                    Violation of the Espionage Act
                    22:58
                    Justice Wendell Holmes
                    22:41
                    Tools for Suppression
                    24:04
                    Stamping Out Radicalism
                    24:29
                    International Workers of the World
                    24:39
                    Eugene Debs
                    24:58
                    Emma Goldman
                    25:16
                    Margaret Sanger
                    25:37
                    Federal Bureau of Investigation
                    26:04
                    Red Scare
                    26:42
                    USSR
                    26:47
                    Palmer Raids
                    27:02
                    American Civil Liberties Union
                    28:04
                    ACLU: American Civil Liberties Union
                    28:12
                    Freedom of Speech and Expression
                    28:21
                    On Behalf of the American People
                    28:42
                    Sacco and Vanzetti
                    29:09
                    Trial for Murder
                    29:36
                    Defense Counsel
                    29:43
                    The Fairness of the Trial
                    30:35
                    Shift From Idealism to Normalcy
                    31:41
                    Return to Normalcy
                    32:11
                    Suppressed by Federal Troops
                    32:33
                    The Supreme Court
                    32:42
                    Example 1
                    33:07
                    Example 2
                    35:53
                    Example 3
                    37:45
                    Example 4
                    38:49
                    The Interwar Period

                    47m 7s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:05
                    Conservative Presidents
                    2:45
                    Harding's Presidency
                    2:50
                    Herbert Hoover
                    3:37
                    Republican-Dominated FTC
                    4:22
                    Calvin Coolidge
                    4:41
                    A Strong Pro-Business Stance
                    4:52
                    New Tax Cut
                    5:14
                    Interior Albert Fall
                    5:52
                    Mixed Economic Development
                    6:45
                    Postwar Recession
                    6:53
                    A Consumer Culture
                    8:25
                    Overproduction
                    9:08
                    Inflation
                    9:28
                    Consumer Culture
                    9:41
                    A New Pop Culture
                    10:23
                    Radios
                    10:28
                    Duke Ellington
                    11:00
                    New Consumer Goods
                    11:58
                    New Journalism
                    12:18
                    Images of the 1920s
                    12:40
                    The Jazz Age and “Modern” Culture
                    12:55
                    African Americans
                    13:03
                    Rebel Against Their Elders
                    13:57
                    Popular Heroes
                    14:22
                    Bath Ruth
                    14:37
                    Charles Lindbergh
                    15:08
                    First Solo Non-Stop Flight
                    15:20
                    New Literature: Stream of Consciousness
                    15:37
                    Gertrude Stein
                    15:59
                    The Waste Land
                    16:46
                    Victorian Era Culture
                    17:10
                    Art and Architecture
                    18:00
                    Art Deco Style
                    18:07
                    Edward Hopper
                    18:38
                    George Gershwin
                    18:51
                    Automat
                    19:43
                    Gender Roles, Family and Education
                    20:00
                    Flappers
                    21:02
                    Influence of Sigmund Freud
                    21:42
                    The New Woman
                    22:57
                    The Women's Joint Congressional Committee
                    23:38
                    The League of Women Voters
                    24:03
                    Women in the 1920s
                    24:32
                    Pop Culture
                    25:10
                    Leisure Time in Rural and Urban Areas
                    25:15
                    The Jazz Singer
                    25:33
                    Tin Pan Alley
                    26:20
                    Fox Trot and Charleston
                    26:33
                    Harlem Renaissance
                    26:40
                    A Cultural Identity with African Roots
                    26:53
                    NYC's Harlem
                    27:09
                    New Negro
                    27:30
                    Marcus Garvey and UNIA
                    28:25
                    Garvey Advocated Black Separatism
                    28:57
                    Four Million Followers
                    29:18
                    Negro World
                    29:27
                    Mail Fraud
                    29:50
                    Prohibition and Crime
                    30:13
                    18th Amendment
                    30:16
                    Volstead Act
                    30:46
                    Lucrative Bootlegging Trade
                    31:28
                    The Noble Experiment
                    31:43
                    Drys
                    32:06
                    Wets
                    32:10
                    Bathtub Gin
                    32:25
                    Roaring Twenties
                    32:58
                    Nativism, Pluralism and Racism
                    34:02
                    Mass Media
                    34:53
                    National Origins Act
                    35:43
                    Birth of a Nation
                    36:50
                    Fundamentalism and Modernism
                    37:40
                    The Monkey Trial
                    38:15
                    The Trial of John T. Scopes
                    38:42
                    Example 1
                    39:39
                    Example 2
                    41:58
                    Example 3
                    43:39
                    Example 4
                    45:07
                    The Foreign Policy During the Interwar Years, The Great Depression and The First New Deal

                    34m 4s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:09
                    Foreign Policy in the 1920s
                    0:48
                    A Retreat to Isolationism
                    1:09
                    Expansion of New Markets
                    1:14
                    United Fruit Company
                    1:47
                    The Dawes Plan
                    2:09
                    Reparation Payment
                    2:22
                    Financial Problems on Both Sides of the Atlantic
                    2:46
                    1929 Stock Market Crash
                    2:57
                    The Pursuit of Peace
                    3:42
                    Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928
                    4:22
                    A Policy of Disarmament
                    4:38
                    League of Nations
                    4:47
                    The Causes of the Great Depression
                    4:59
                    Business Cycle
                    5:36
                    Black Thursday
                    6:35
                    The Agricultural Sector
                    7:04
                    THE GDP Fell
                    7:22
                    Weak Farm Economy
                    7:42
                    The Unequal Distribution of Wealth
                    8:26
                    Herbert Hoover
                    8:52
                    The Stock Market Crashed
                    9:32
                    Expand Public Works Spending
                    9:44
                    Reconstruction Finance Corporation
                    9:49
                    Hoover's Policies
                    10:24
                    Rugged Individualism
                    10:35
                    Hawley Smoot Tariff
                    11:17
                    The Revenue Act of 1932
                    12:11
                    The Scapegoat for the Depression
                    12:25
                    Debt Moratorium
                    12:58
                    Tough Times and Hoovervilles
                    13:08
                    Election of 1932
                    14:02
                    The Three Rs
                    14:38
                    A New Form of Liberalism
                    14:57
                    Social Welfare
                    15:24
                    Anti-Poverty Programs
                    15:56
                    The First Hundred Days
                    16:19
                    100-Day Long Special Session
                    18:28
                    Bank Holiday
                    18:42
                    Optimism of a Nation
                    19:04
                    Emergency Banking Act
                    19:40
                    Homeowners Loan Corporation
                    19:52
                    Glass-Steagall Act
                    20:12
                    Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
                    20:20
                    Alphabet Agencies
                    20:32
                    Federal Emergency Relief Administration
                    21:06
                    Work Relief Over Cash Subsidies
                    21:22
                    Inflationary
                    21:41
                    International Gold Standard
                    22:15
                    The Securities and Exchange Commission
                    22:26
                    The Banking Act of 1935
                    22:38
                    NIRA and NRA
                    22:57
                    National Industrial Recovery Act
                    23:02
                    National Recovery Administration
                    23:08
                    Government Approved Codes
                    23:40
                    Outlawed Child Labor
                    24:00
                    Other Programs
                    24:21
                    Public Works Administration
                    24:29
                    Civilian Conservation Corps
                    25:33
                    Tennessee Valley Authority
                    25:58
                    TVA
                    26:25
                    CCC
                    26:45
                    PWA
                    27:11
                    Example 1
                    27:35
                    Example 2
                    29:55
                    Example 3
                    32:30
                    The Second New Deal

                    48m 10s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:05
                    New Deal Under Attack
                    1:21
                    Liberty League
                    1:49
                    Schechter v. United States
                    3:10
                    Unconstitutional Codes Created by NIRA
                    3:39
                    Father Charles Coughlin
                    4:31
                    Father Francis Townsend
                    4:54
                    Senator Huey Long
                    5:25
                    Share Our Wealth Society
                    5:37
                    Critiques From the Left
                    6:14
                    The New Deal
                    6:17
                    Nationalization of Businesses
                    7:25
                    United States v. Butler
                    7:35
                    The Second New Deal
                    7:45
                    Townsend's, Coughlin's and Long's Programs
                    8:12
                    Works Progress Administration
                    8:30
                    The Labor Movement
                    9:05
                    The Promise of the New Deal
                    9:17
                    New Deal Murals
                    9:48
                    New Deal Programs
                    10:12
                    The Second New Deal
                    10:50
                    The National Labor Relations Act
                    10:51
                    National Labor Relations Board
                    11:01
                    Social Security Act
                    11:15
                    Categorical Assistance Programs
                    11:47
                    W.P.A
                    12:29
                    1936 Politics
                    14:17
                    Solid South
                    14:36
                    Judicial Reorganization Bill
                    15:32
                    The Wagner Act and SSA
                    16:02
                    New Economic Policy: Deficit Spending
                    16:40
                    John Maynard Keynes
                    16:51
                    Deficit Spendings
                    16:55
                    Purposeful Government Intervention
                    17:23
                    Ended the Great Depression
                    18:01
                    John Maynard Keynes
                    18:34
                    Economist
                    18:43
                    The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money
                    18:46
                    The Rise of Unions and the CIO
                    18:53
                    John L. Lewis
                    19:25
                    The Congress of Industrial Organization
                    19:36
                    One Union
                    19:48
                    Steel Workers Organize
                    20:15
                    Strikes
                    20:32
                    Collective Bargaining
                    20:33
                    Resisted Union Demands
                    20:35
                    Effects of the New Deal
                    21:18
                    Expansion of the Federal Bureaucracy
                    21:20
                    Steel Workers Organizing Committee
                    21:47
                    Fair Labor Standards Act
                    22:25
                    Effects and Eleanor Roosevelt
                    23:32
                    A Recession
                    23:57
                    Government Policy
                    24:05
                    Eleanor Roosevelt
                    24:28
                    Eleanor Roosevelt
                    25:56
                    The Postwar Era
                    26:44
                    My Day
                    27:14
                    Press Conferences for Female Reporters
                    27:22
                    Anti-Lynching Campaigns
                    27:34
                    The Right to Organize
                    28:00
                    Images of Eleanor Roosevelt
                    28:26
                    Supporters of New Deal
                    29:34
                    Activist Executive Branch
                    29:44
                    The First Female Cabinet Member
                    30:23
                    Indian Reorganization Act
                    31:33
                    Mary McLeod Bethune and Amelia Earhart
                    32:04
                    A Member of the Advisory Committee of the NYA
                    32:14
                    Lady Lindy
                    33:00
                    New Deal Critics
                    33:21
                    Unemployment Rate
                    33:37
                    The Federal Deficit
                    33:57
                    A Critical View
                    34:57
                    Discrimination of Minorities
                    35:09
                    Okies
                    35:20
                    Cesar Chavez
                    35:39
                    National Farmworkers Association
                    36:22
                    Chinese Exclusion Act
                    37:06
                    The Tydings-McDuffie Act
                    37:18
                    The Scottsboro Case
                    37:45
                    The Dust Bowl
                    38:50
                    Severe Drought
                    38:55
                    The Grapes of Wrath
                    39:44
                    Dust Bowl Map
                    39:55
                    Dust Cloud
                    40:31
                    Farmer and Family, Dust Bowl
                    40:44
                    Example 1
                    41:03
                    Example 2
                    42:51
                    Example 3
                    44:36
                    Example 4
                    46:29
                    World War II

                    55m 16s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:05
                    Isolationist Foreign Policy of 1930s
                    1:13
                    The Washington Conference
                    1:28
                    Stimson Doctrine
                    2:48
                    Kellogg-Briand Pact
                    3:39
                    Good Neighbor Policy
                    4:10
                    The Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
                    4:43
                    The Nye Commission
                    5:10
                    Investigation of the Munitions Industry
                    5:16
                    A Senate Committee
                    5:32
                    Non-Interventionist Movement
                    6:14
                    Neutrality Act
                    6:17
                    Quarantine Speech
                    6:45
                    Aggressive Militarism and Fascism Abroad
                    7:03
                    Treaty of Versailles
                    8:17
                    Lightening War
                    9:40
                    Withdrew from the League of Nations
                    10:38
                    Rome-Berlin Axis
                    10:55
                    Nazi Germany
                    11:18
                    Aggressive Militarism and Fascism Abroad
                    11:39
                    Ineffectiveness of League of Nations
                    11:56
                    Sinking of Panay
                    13:13
                    Appeasement
                    13:32
                    Before U.S. Enter War
                    14:49
                    Charles Beard
                    15:11
                    Four Essential Freedoms
                    16:09
                    Lend-Lease Act
                    17:19
                    The Atlantic Charter
                    17:33
                    “Four Freedoms” by Norman Rockwell
                    18:10
                    Attack on Pearl Harbor
                    18:35
                    The Bombing of Pearl Harbor
                    18:46
                    A Date Which Will Live in Infamy
                    18:53
                    Organizing for Total War
                    20:03
                    War Powers Act
                    20:10
                    War Production Board
                    21:40
                    Miracle Man
                    21:02
                    The Office of War Information
                    22:11
                    Wartime Propaganda
                    22:33
                    We Can Do It!
                    23:04
                    Large Scale Propaganda
                    23:06
                    Rosie the Riveter
                    23:48
                    Depression-Era Unemployment Disappeared
                    24:34
                    Unionized Jobs
                    25:00
                    Smith-Connally Labor Act
                    25:05
                    National War Labor Board
                    25:18
                    John Lewis
                    25:31
                    Internal Migration
                    25:42
                    Civil Rights Concerns
                    26:12
                    Negro Labor Relations League
                    26:37
                    Double V Campaign
                    27:38
                    A. Philip Randolph
                    28:20
                    League of United Latin American Citizens
                    29:17
                    Double V and Civil Rights
                    29:32
                    Effects on Minorities
                    29:57
                    The Status of Chinese Americans
                    30:00
                    Japanese immigrants
                    30:08
                    Zoot Suit
                    31:33
                    Japanese Internment
                    32:26
                    Executive order 9066
                    32:34
                    Korematsu v. United States
                    33:34
                    Ex Parte Endo Case
                    33:51
                    A Public Apology
                    34:34
                    Map of Relocation Camps
                    34:47
                    Manzanar Today
                    35:21
                    Instructions Posters
                    35:49
                    Major Military Events During WWII
                    36:09
                    Major Defeats on U.S. Forces
                    36:18
                    Battle of Coral Sea
                    36:54
                    Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower
                    37:37
                    General Douglas MacArthur
                    37:30
                    D-Day Invasion
                    37:57
                    Pacific Theatre
                    38:15
                    European Theatre
                    39:25
                    European Theatre, VE Day
                    40:39
                    The End of War in Europe
                    41:46
                    Final Solution of the Jewish Question
                    41:58
                    A War Refuge Board
                    43:09
                    United Nations
                    43:35
                    The Holocaust
                    43:46
                    Mass Extermination of Jews
                    43:56
                    Genocide of 6 Million Jews
                    44:12
                    In the Pacific
                    45:36
                    Island Hopping
                    46:12
                    Navajo Troops
                    46:29
                    Heavy Causalities
                    46:39
                    The Manhattan Project
                    47:17
                    Example 1
                    47:50
                    Example 2
                    49:18
                    Example 3
                    51:00
                    Example 4
                    52:20
                    The End of World War II and Cold War America

                    51m 21s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:06
                    The End of World War II
                    1:48
                    The Big Three Met at the Yalta Conference
                    1:58
                    Free and Unfettered Elections
                    2:40
                    Iron Curtain
                    3:15
                    2 Major Issues: Independence Movement in India
                    3:49
                    The Big Three
                    4:48
                    The Outcome of Yalta
                    5:26
                    Four Administrative Zones
                    5:37
                    United Nations Established That Would Have Security Council
                    5:48
                    Berlin Was Also Partitioned
                    6:42
                    Germany Divided Berlin Partitioned
                    6:48
                    FDR Dies and Truman as President
                    7:14
                    Franklin D. Roosevelt Couldn't Finish Presidency Term
                    7:30
                    Truman Took Over Presidency
                    7:45
                    Truman Chose to Use Bomb
                    7:55
                    Issued Warning to Surrender or Face Utter and Complete Destruction
                    8:14
                    Japanese Would Fight to Death Rather Than Surrender
                    9:00
                    Need Quick Way to End the War
                    9:46
                    Atomic Bomb
                    10:12
                    The Manhattan Project
                    10:29
                    Top-Secret Plan
                    10:35
                    J. Robert Oppenheimer
                    10:44
                    General Leslie Groves
                    10:55
                    First Atomic Bomb Successfully Tested
                    11:05
                    Other Factors that Influenced Truman
                    11:17
                    Potsdam with Stalin
                    11:22
                    U.S. Cryptographers
                    12:02
                    Why Did U.S. Decide to Flex It's Nuclear Muscle
                    12:08
                    The End of the War
                    13:26
                    U.S. Dropped Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima but No Japanese Response
                    13:45
                    Radiation Poisoning
                    14:04
                    Dropped a Second Atomic Bomb on Nagasaki
                    14:39
                    Emperor Hirohito Forced to Surrender
                    14:51
                    Peace Treaty
                    15:10
                    Number of Casualties
                    15:20
                    Postwar Devastation
                    16:00
                    The Cold War
                    16:38
                    What is the Cold War?
                    16:56
                    Two Countries Primarily Involved
                    17:21
                    Joseph Stalin
                    17:43
                    A Security Zone of Friendly Government
                    17:54
                    Yalta Conference: Sphere of Influence
                    18:15
                    No Move to Hold the Elections
                    18:43
                    Cold War in Europe
                    19:01
                    Potsdam Conference
                    19:53
                    President Harry Truman Decided U.S. Had to Take a Hard Line Against Soviet Expansion
                    19:59
                    Truman Took a Stance to Use Tough Methods
                    21:14
                    Allies Agreed to Disarm and Dismantle Germany
                    21:57
                    Baruch Plan
                    22:11
                    Baruch Plan
                    22:27
                    Failure of Baruch Plan
                    22:37
                    A Frenzied Nuclear Arms Race
                    22:54
                    Eastern Bloc Countries
                    23:18
                    Map of Eastern Bloc Areas
                    23:19
                    Winston Churchill
                    23:32
                    The Iron Curtain
                    23:39
                    George Kennan and Containment Policy
                    24:24
                    One of the First Policies: Containment Policy
                    24:30
                    U.S. Increasingly Perceived Soviet Expansion as a Threat
                    24:42
                    The Most Influential Proponent
                    24:54
                    Communist Guerrillas
                    25:00
                    Truman Doctrine
                    25:30
                    Large Scale Military and Economic Assistance
                    25:40
                    Domino Theory
                    26:05
                    Marshall Plan and Containment
                    26:34
                    Containment
                    26:44
                    Plan to Help Rebuild War-Torn Europe
                    26:55
                    Discontentment Encouraged the Communist
                    27:09
                    George Marshall and Economic Aid
                    27:17
                    Eastern Euros Refused Aid
                    27:43
                    Opposition in U.S. Congress
                    27:50
                    Motives of Marshall Plan
                    28:21
                    map of Czechoslovakia 1918-1992
                    28:29
                    Foreign Policy in Mid East
                    29:16
                    Zionist Leaders
                    29:21
                    Truman Recognized the State
                    29:51
                    Gamal Abdel Nasser Nationalizes the Suez
                    30:04
                    Arab Nationalism
                    30:30
                    Britain, France, Israel Attack Egypt
                    30:41
                    Berlin Airlift in 1948
                    30:52
                    Attempt to Push Out Allies
                    31:30
                    A Program of Economic Reform in West Berlin
                    31:42
                    A Symbol of Resistance to Communism
                    31:52
                    Containment in Asia
                    32:45
                    Civil War in China
                    32:51
                    Truman Attempted to Provide Funds
                    33:14
                    The People's Republic of China
                    33:35
                    Red China
                    33:56
                    Fall of China
                    34:08
                    Diplomatic Nonentity
                    34:37
                    The Korean War
                    34:55
                    Korean War, 1950-1953
                    35:46
                    The Map
                    35:47
                    Republican Challenge of Truman's Conduct of the War
                    37:26
                    Truman Fired MacArthur
                    37:45
                    An Armistice Was Signed and Korea was Divided
                    37:56
                    NATO and Warsaw Pact
                    38:20
                    Truman Era
                    38:29
                    Government and Consumer Spending
                    38:42
                    Civilian Production
                    38:54
                    The Office of Price Administration
                    39:02
                    Example: Strikes Closed Down Business in Numerous Cities
                    39:29
                    Backlash Against Unionism: Truman Ended a Strike by the United Mine Workers
                    39:39
                    Taft-Hartley Act
                    40:03
                    Taft-Hartley Act
                    40:08
                    Vetoed the Bill
                    40:25
                    The Secondary Boycott and Union Shop
                    40:35
                    Democrats Split
                    40:46
                    Henry Wallace
                    40:55
                    Strom Thurmond
                    41:00
                    Election of 1948
                    41:09
                    Domestic Issues During the Truman Era
                    41:34
                    The Fair Deal
                    42:01
                    New Deal's Liberalism
                    42:11
                    Possibility of a Higher standard of Living and Benefits for Americans
                    42:46
                    Liberal Consensus
                    43:09
                    The National Housing Act of 1949
                    43:55
                    What Was Blocked
                    43:58
                    Executive Order 9981 Ends Segregation in Military in July of 1948
                    44:14
                    Example 1
                    44:35
                    Example 2
                    47:15
                    Example 3
                    48:50
                    Section 8: Period 8: 1945-1980
                    The Red Scare and The Eisenhower Years

                    49m 4s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:07
                    The Second Red Scare
                    1:31
                    The House of Un-American Activities Committee
                    2:35
                    The Movie Industry
                    3:24
                    Senator Joseph McCarthy
                    5:01
                    Alger Hiss and HUAC
                    5:51
                    Alger Hiss
                    5:52
                    Whittaker Chambers
                    6:04
                    Richard Nixon
                    6:33
                    Anti-Communist Hysteria
                    6:51
                    Anti-Communist Hysteria and McCarthyism
                    7:24
                    Resigned under Pressure
                    8:29
                    McCarran Internal Security Act
                    9:17
                    Investigate Subversion in the U.S. Army
                    10:22
                    Anti-Communism
                    11:03
                    The Red Scare
                    12:33
                    Protest of HUAC and “Red Channels”
                    13:24
                    Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
                    13:49
                    Julius
                    14:09
                    Electrocution
                    14:17
                    Dwight D. Eisenhower
                    14:55
                    Modern Republicanism
                    15:42
                    National Aeronautics and Space Administration
                    17:29
                    The New Look Army
                    18:59
                    Social Security
                    19:32
                    Termination
                    19:47
                    The Highway Act of 1956
                    20:14
                    A Broad Liberal Consensus
                    20:47
                    Promoted Tourism
                    21:23
                    Nuclear Missiles
                    21:31
                    The Space Race
                    22:23
                    The New Look in Foreign Policy
                    23:35
                    A Massive Nuclear Arsenal
                    23:50
                    U-2 Spy Plane
                    25:03
                    Hungarian Revolt
                    25:45
                    Containment the Third World
                    25:59
                    SEATO
                    26:19
                    A Coup of Arbenz
                    27:38
                    Proxy Wars
                    28:15
                    Domino Theory
                    28:48
                    Decolonization of the Third World
                    28:52
                    Containment in the Post-Colonial World
                    30:06
                    The Containment Policy
                    30:17
                    Failed to Recognize Indigenous or Nationalist Movements
                    30:31
                    Dictatorships or Repressive Right-Wing Regimes
                    31:41
                    U.S. Global Defense Treaties in Cold War
                    32:23
                    SEATO and The Role of the CIA
                    33:07
                    South Asia Treaty Organization
                    33:20
                    Central Intelligence Agency
                    33:20
                    Lebanon
                    33:59
                    Containment Policy
                    34:10
                    Overthrow Iran's Premier
                    34:28
                    Guatemala
                    34:31
                    Geneva Accords
                    34:44
                    Domino Theory
                    35:07
                    Military Industrial Complex
                    35:30
                    Eisenhower's Farewell Address
                    35:46
                    Military Industrial Complex
                    35:46
                    Military Industrial Map
                    36:51
                    Spending Graph
                    37:31
                    Example 1
                    37:59
                    Example 2
                    40:44
                    Example 3
                    43:25
                    Example 4
                    46:00
                    Postwar Prosperity and The 'Other' America

                    51m 55s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:09
                    Economic Realities
                    2:08
                    Huge Economic Growth
                    2:15
                    Postwar Boom
                    2:53
                    Defense Spending and Domestic Programs
                    3:10
                    Acceptance of Collective Bargaining
                    3:23
                    Rise in Gross Domestic Product
                    3:52
                    The Affluent Society
                    4:01
                    Or the “Other” America
                    5:14
                    U.S. Affluence
                    5:22
                    John Kenneth Galbraith
                    5:37
                    The Other America
                    6:16
                    Michael Harrington
                    6:51
                    Bretton Woods System
                    7:06
                    Third World Countries
                    7:19
                    The World Bank
                    8:08
                    The International Monetary Fund
                    9:10
                    Strongest Currency
                    9:45
                    General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
                    10:00
                    Fixed Exchange Rates
                    10:17
                    Economic Trends in the 1950s
                    10:54
                    Consolidation of Corporations Continued
                    10:59
                    Rise in Consumerism
                    11:43
                    General Electric
                    12:24
                    Suburban Living
                    14:01
                    Levittowns
                    14:14
                    Henry J. Kaiser
                    15:09
                    The Federal Housing Administration
                    15:18
                    Veterans Administration
                    15:22
                    Levittowns and Tract Housing
                    16:13
                    Negative Effects of Suburbanization
                    16:34
                    The Downside of Suburbanization
                    16:52
                    Restrictive Covenants
                    18:03
                    Shelley v. Kramer
                    18:34
                    Changing Demographics
                    18:52
                    Baby Boom! “Gotta Make Up for Lost Time”
                    19:33
                    Highway Expansion
                    20:27
                    National Interstate and Defense Highways Act
                    20:33
                    Mass Transit Systems
                    20:39
                    City “Life Belts” and Car Culture
                    21:23
                    The Emerging Civil Rights Movement
                    21:53
                    Civil Rights Challenges
                    23:36
                    The NAACP
                    23:47
                    Thurgood Marshall
                    24:06
                    Linda Brown
                    24:23
                    Brown v. Board of Education, 1954
                    25:54
                    Plessy case
                    25:20
                    Racial Segregation in Schools and other Public Facilities
                    26:24
                    Violates the 14th Amendment
                    26:36
                    “Massive Resistance” Against the Case
                    27:33
                    A Southern Manifesto
                    28:08
                    KKK
                    28:41
                    Governor Orval Faubus of AR
                    28:47
                    Southern Universities
                    29:18
                    Segregationists and the Little Rock Nine
                    29:35
                    Nonviolent Protest and Civil Disobedience
                    30:31
                    Rosa Parks
                    30:38
                    A Local Segregation Ordinance
                    30:53
                    A Boycott of Montgomery's Bus System
                    31:16
                    Social Critics: The Beats
                    32:40
                    Rejected Conventional Society
                    33:10
                    Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg
                    33:40
                    The Springboard for the Counterculture Movement
                    33:49
                    Be-Bop Jazz
                    34:03
                    Improvisational
                    34:14
                    Bebop Musicians
                    35:06
                    Other Culture Dissenters
                    35:19
                    Alienation from Mainstream Society
                    35:22
                    Abstract Expressionism
                    35:30
                    Jackson Pollock
                    35:41
                    Pop Art
                    35:53
                    Aspects of Mass Media
                    36:05
                    Mundane Cultural Objects
                    36:10
                    Andy Warhol
                    36:14
                    TV Culture and Rock and Roll
                    36:33
                    Television Sets
                    36:39
                    Rock and Roll
                    37:09
                    1950s: Conformity or Rebellion?
                    38:53
                    Women's Issues in the 1950s
                    40:14
                    Feminine Mystique
                    40:41
                    Motherhood
                    41:16
                    Glass Ceiling
                    42:04
                    The Feminine Mystique
                    42:24
                    Other Policies and Demographic Changes
                    43:05
                    Operation Wetback
                    43:09
                    Puerto Ricans
                    43:36
                    Second Migration
                    44:04
                    Immigration and Nationality Act
                    44:28
                    The Second Migration, 1940-1970
                    44:52
                    Other Demographic Changes
                    45:15
                    Inner Cities Declined
                    45:25
                    Suburban Affluence and the “Other America”
                    45:30
                    Example 1
                    45:49
                    Example 2
                    46:42
                    Example 3
                    48:07
                    Example 4
                    50:33
                    1960s, The Kennedy Years and The Liberal Consensus

                    55m 17s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:07
                    John F. Kennedy
                    1:17
                    The New Frontier Program
                    1:51
                    TV Debates
                    3:13
                    First Catholic President
                    4:15
                    Liberal Initiatives
                    4:55
                    Bay of Pigs
                    5:19
                    Funding for NASA
                    6:19
                    Alan Shepard
                    6:49
                    John Glenn
                    6:56
                    The Bay of Pigs Incident
                    7:02
                    U.S.-Cuban Relations
                    7:39
                    Castro Nationalized U.S. Owned Banks
                    7:46
                    CIA
                    8:26
                    Surrendered Within 24 Hours of Fighting
                    9:24
                    Cold War and Bay of Pigs
                    9:43
                    JFK: Cold Warrior
                    10:06
                    Turned to the USSR
                    10:10
                    The Berlin Wall
                    10:29
                    Cuban Missile Crisis
                    11:05
                    Nuclear Warfare
                    11:41
                    Flexible Response
                    12:34
                    The Civil Rights Movements Stirs
                    13:58
                    Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
                    14:17
                    CORE
                    16:19
                    Attorney General Robert Kennedy
                    16:45
                    Bull Connors
                    17:12
                    Freedom Rides Map
                    17:41
                    Notorious Police Brutality Under “Bull Connors”
                    18:36
                    Civil Rights Movement
                    19:13
                    Kennedy's Response
                    20:08
                    Promise Civil Rights Legislation Banning Discrimination in Public
                    20:09
                    Second Emancipation Proclamation
                    20:32
                    MLK Jr.'s Response
                    21:49
                    A Massive Civil Rights
                    21:56
                    I Have a Dream
                    22:08
                    Civil Rights in the 1960s
                    22:50
                    More Radical
                    22:57
                    Southern Senators
                    23:16
                    Birmingham
                    23:27
                    Black Nationalism
                    23:43
                    Black Separatism
                    24:32
                    Uncle Tom
                    25:16
                    Black Muslims
                    26:44
                    Malcolm X
                    27:43
                    Nation Justice
                    28:43
                    Hajj
                    29:22
                    Pan-African Unity
                    29:44
                    Black Power
                    30:42
                    Stokely Carmichael
                    31:12
                    Honorary Prime Minister
                    32:26
                    Pan-Africanist
                    32:33
                    Black Panthers
                    33:03
                    Cesar Chaves, Farm Workers and Chicanos
                    34:04
                    Chavez and Dolores Huerta
                    34:25
                    United Farm Workers
                    34:48
                    La Causa
                    35:58
                    Chavez, Huerta and UFW
                    36:26
                    MAPA, Chicano Movement, Brown Berets
                    37:19
                    Mexican American Political Association
                    37:30
                    Brown Berets
                    38:00
                    Chicano
                    38:14
                    Bilingual Education
                    38:45
                    American Indian Movement (AIM)
                    39:46
                    Red Power
                    39:51
                    A Siege at Wounded Knee
                    40:40
                    We Shall Remain
                    41:20
                    Peace Corps
                    41:30
                    Third World Countries
                    41:47
                    Agency for International Development and the Alliance of Progress
                    42:06
                    The Liberal Warren Court
                    43:14
                    Mapp v. Ohio
                    43:55
                    Gideon v. Wainwright
                    44:03
                    Escobedo v. Illinois
                    44:12
                    Miranda v. Arizona
                    44:22
                    Engel v. Vitale
                    45:04
                    Griswold v. Connecticut
                    45:29
                    Baker v. Carr
                    45:53
                    One Man, One Vote
                    46:08
                    Beginning of Vietnam War
                    46:22
                    Green Berets
                    47:10
                    A Military Coup
                    47:20
                    Assassination of John F. Kennedy
                    48:07
                    Lee Harvey Oswald
                    48:17
                    Lyndon B. Johnson
                    49:33
                    Example 1
                    49:54
                    Example 2
                    51:47
                    Example 3
                    53:37
                    Lyndon B. Johnson, Civil Rights, and The Vietnam War

                    52m 54s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:09
                    Lyndon B. Johnson
                    1:55
                    A Huge Expansions of Social Welfare Programs
                    2:41
                    The Civil Rights Act
                    3:39
                    Title VII
                    4:01
                    1964 Election
                    4:58
                    Lyndon B. Johnson
                    5:52
                    The Civil Rights Act
                    6:10
                    Expansion of Civil Rights Movement
                    6:26
                    A Voting Rights Act
                    6:28
                    Freedom Summer
                    6:44
                    15 Civil Rights Workers
                    7:25
                    From Selma to Montgomery
                    7:32
                    Freedom Summer
                    7:49
                    March in Selma
                    9:10
                    Bloody Sunday
                    9:17
                    The Voting Rights Act
                    10:53
                    The 24th Amendment's Outlawing of the Federal Poll tax
                    11:35
                    Voter Registration in the South
                    12:00
                    Watts Riots: “Burn Baby, Burn”
                    12:40
                    Voting Rights Act
                    12:43
                    Arrested a Young Black Motorist
                    13:34
                    Legislation During LBJ Years
                    15:03
                    War on Poverty
                    15:45
                    Long-Established Social Insurance Programs
                    16:24
                    The Office of Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
                    16:57
                    The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
                    17:46
                    Influential Books of the 1960s
                    18:19
                    War on Poverty
                    20:02
                    Legislation During LBJ Years
                    20:43
                    Medicare for the Elderly and Medicaid for the Poor
                    20:47
                    National Endowment for the Arts
                    20:57
                    The Highway Beautification Act
                    21:15
                    Wartime Inflation
                    22:10
                    10% Surcharge on Income Taxes
                    22:18
                    LBJ Escalates the Vietnam War
                    23:18
                    A Quagmire
                    23:55
                    The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
                    24:40
                    The Americanization of the War
                    25:00
                    Operation Rolling Thunder
                    25:24
                    US Soldiers in Vietnam
                    26:06
                    War of Attrition
                    26:44
                    U.S. Military Personnel in S. Vietnam
                    26:57
                    The Anti-War Movement
                    27:16
                    Public Opinion Turn Against the War
                    27:22
                    The Impact of the Television
                    27:27
                    Credibility Gap
                    28:11
                    Television War and Image of Vietnam War
                    28:50
                    The New Left Movement
                    29:14
                    Implement a Broad Range of Reforms
                    29:22
                    Students for a Democratic Society
                    29:42
                    Michigan
                    30:05
                    Port Huron Statement
                    30:11
                    Students for a Democratic Society
                    30:21
                    Tom Hayden
                    30:25
                    The Port Huron Statement
                    30:27
                    Free Speech Movement
                    30:56
                    The Selective Service System
                    31:37
                    Closed Down Induction Centers
                    31:55
                    Stop the Draft Week
                    33:03
                    The Siege on the Pentagon
                    33:05
                    National Organization of Women
                    33:21
                    Betty Friedan
                    33:51
                    Women's Rights and Equality
                    33:57
                    The Counterculture
                    34:15
                    Hippies
                    35:07
                    Pete Seeger and Bob Dylan
                    35:41
                    Acid Rock
                    36:29
                    Woodstock
                    37:06
                    Images of Woodstock
                    37:15
                    1968: A Watershed Year
                    37:55
                    Tet Offensive
                    38:34
                    My Lai Massacre
                    39:08
                    Antiwar Platform
                    39:46
                    Tet Offensive
                    40:03
                    1968
                    40:20
                    MLK was Assassinated
                    40:23
                    Robert F. Kennedy
                    41:14
                    RFK Assassination
                    41:31
                    Democratic Convention in Chicago
                    41:45
                    Democratic Convention 1968
                    42:02
                    Backlash: Conservatism
                    42:26
                    Protest and Dissent
                    42:34
                    George Wallace
                    42:56
                    Silent Majority
                    42:39
                    Richard Nixon Elected
                    43:39
                    Example 1
                    44:23
                    Example 2
                    46:55
                    Example 3
                    49:53
                    The Rise and Fall of Richard Nixon and The End of the Vietnam War

                    35m 50s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:07
                    Richard Nixon
                    1:32
                    Office of Price Administration in Washington
                    1:50
                    Republican Representative
                    1:58
                    Alger Hiss Case
                    2:26
                    Winding Down the Vietnam War
                    2:33
                    No-Win Situation
                    3:26
                    Cambodia
                    3:42
                    Withdrawing from the War
                    4:24
                    Vietnam War vets
                    4:48
                    Violence at Kent State University
                    6:00
                    Ohio
                    6:16
                    National Guard
                    6:28
                    Images of Kent State
                    6:57
                    Nixon's Trip to China and the Cold War
                    7:16
                    A Bold Move
                    7:31
                    A Policy of Diplomacy
                    7:53
                    Ping-pong Diplomacy
                    8:25
                    Detente
                    8:55
                    Vietnamization
                    9:15
                    Detente
                    9:50
                    Henry Kissinger
                    10:15
                    National Security Advisor
                    10:22
                    Realpolitik
                    10:25
                    Nixon and Brezhnev
                    10:57
                    Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
                    11:08
                    Antiballistic Missiles
                    11:19
                    ICBMS or SLBMS
                    11:24
                    The Silent Majority Speaks Out
                    11:49
                    Brown v. Board of Education
                    12:48
                    Miller v. California
                    14:00
                    Milliken v. Bradley
                    14:36
                    1972 Election
                    15:02
                    Disarray
                    15:14
                    George McGovern
                    15:35
                    Southern Strategy
                    16:10
                    George Wallace
                    16:52
                    Nixon and Civil Rights
                    17:12
                    Dixicrats
                    17:24
                    Warren Burger
                    17:57
                    Harry Blackmun
                    18:24
                    Domestic Policies
                    18:38
                    Inflation Problems and Economic Problems
                    18:49
                    Revenue Sharing
                    19:14
                    More Control of Where Federal Funding Allocated
                    19:16
                    Regulatory Laws Passed
                    19:26
                    Clean Air Act
                    20:30
                    Occupational Health and Safety Act
                    20:33
                    Water Pollution Control Act
                    20:41
                    Endangered Species Act
                    20:50
                    The Fall of Richard Nixon
                    21:16
                    Enemies
                    21:57
                    Imperial Presidency
                    22:32
                    Pentagon Papers
                    23:06
                    National Security
                    23:45
                    Theft, Conspiracy and Espionage
                    25:06
                    Nixon and the Plumbers
                    25:11
                    A Secret Special Unit
                    26:18
                    Illegal Campaigns
                    25:31
                    The Democratic National Committee Offices
                    25:52
                    Cover-up
                    26:04
                    The Tapes and the Cover-up
                    26:23
                    Illegal Deeds
                    26:56
                    Impeachment Hearings
                    27:09
                    First President to Resign
                    27:23
                    War Power Act
                    27:37
                    Reined in the Powers of President
                    27:50
                    Congressional Approval
                    28:00
                    Example 1
                    28:45
                    Example 2
                    29:56
                    Example 3
                    33:01
                    1970s, Ford and Carter

                    44m 35s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:06
                    Gerald Ford: President After Nixon Resigns
                    1:19
                    Stagflation
                    2:02
                    Whip Inflation Now
                    2:06
                    Highlights of Ford Presidency
                    2:20
                    Oil Embargo After Yom Kippur War
                    2:47
                    Politicized OPEC
                    3:04
                    Yom Kippur War
                    3:19
                    Declared Oil Embargo on U.S.
                    3:34
                    OPEC Oil Embargo
                    3:50
                    400% Increase in Oil Prices
                    4:08
                    Oil Price Shock
                    4:14
                    Long Lines at Gas Stations
                    4:38
                    Economic Decline
                    4:59
                    Japanese Cars
                    5:08
                    Speed Limit
                    5:36
                    Stagflation
                    6:00
                    Ford's Foreign Policy
                    6:22
                    Helsinki Accords
                    6:28
                    Limit Arms
                    6:40
                    Accused of Engineering the Assassination of Foreign Leaders
                    6:53
                    George Bush
                    7:02
                    Jimmy Carter, 1976-1980
                    7:28
                    Granted Amnesty
                    8:43
                    Domestic Challenges
                    9:00
                    Crisis in Confidence
                    9:40
                    Images of Jimmy Carter
                    10:33
                    Gas Shortages and Energy Crisis
                    11:14
                    Gas Prices Soared
                    11:19
                    Raise Taxes on Crude Oil
                    11:55
                    People's Lack of Faith in Government
                    12:06
                    Energy Consumption
                    12:15
                    Taking On Inflation
                    12:40
                    Paul Volcker
                    12:47
                    An End to Inflation
                    12:52
                    Three Mile Island
                    13:01
                    Nuclear Power Spill
                    13:05
                    No New Nuclear Plants
                    14:09
                    20% of all U.S. Power
                    14:13
                    Goldsboro, PA
                    14:28
                    Nervous Humor
                    14:38
                    Carter's Foreign Policy
                    15:25
                    Realism
                    15:30
                    Repressive Regimes
                    15:36
                    Panama Canal
                    16:50
                    Peace Talks between Sadat and Begin
                    17:25
                    The Women's Movement in the 1970s
                    20:17
                    Equal Rights Amendment
                    20:27
                    Ratification
                    20:54
                    A Reactionary Conservative Movement
                    21:04
                    States That Ratified ERA
                    21:15
                    Pro and Anti-ERA Marchers
                    22:39
                    Other Feminist Activities
                    23:30
                    Ms. Magazine
                    24:19
                    Gay Rights Movement
                    25:32
                    Stonewall Incident
                    25:52
                    Harvey Milk
                    26:07
                    Dan White
                    27:03
                    Rust Belt to Sun Belt
                    27:12
                    Demographic Changes Affect Politics
                    28:26
                    Latin America and Asia
                    28:38
                    1965 Immigration Law
                    28:45
                    The “Me Generation”
                    29:06
                    Self-Absorption
                    29:13
                    Huge Health Trend
                    29:16
                    Pop Culture
                    29:42
                    Televangelists and the New Right
                    30:22
                    Religious Right
                    30:42
                    A Constitutional Ban
                    30:45
                    Mandatory Death Penalty
                    31:05
                    The Bakke Case
                    32:03
                    University of California v. Bakke
                    32:28
                    Reverse Discrimination
                    33:23
                    Iran Hostage Crisis
                    34:02
                    The Iranian Revolution
                    34:26
                    Ayatollah Khomeini
                    34:35
                    66 U.S. Hostages
                    35:02
                    Economic Embargo and a Military Mission
                    35:14
                    Reagan's Inauguration
                    35:26
                    Images of Iran Hostage Crisis
                    36:24
                    Example 1
                    36:53
                    Example 2
                    40:07
                    Example 3
                    42:04
                    The Conservative Resurgence and The 1980s

                    46m 5s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:07
                    Free-Market Economics and Religious Conservatism
                    1:13
                    Anticommunism, Free-Market Economics and Religious Moralism
                    2:25
                    Regulatory Bureaucracy
                    5:02
                    PATCO Strikers
                    5:55
                    Supply-Side Economics
                    6:34
                    Reaganomics
                    6:48
                    Reducing Taxes and More Spending
                    7:00
                    Economic Recovery Act
                    7:26
                    Lowered Taxes
                    7:30
                    Images of Supply-Side Economics
                    8:20
                    Trickle Down Economics
                    9:57
                    Reaganomics
                    10:32
                    Reduced Income Tax Rates
                    10:50
                    Drop of the Highest Marginal Tax Rate
                    11:04
                    The Federal Deficit Increased
                    12:07
                    The Annual Federal Budget Deficit (or Surplus), 1940-2005
                    12:33
                    Presidential Landscaping
                    13:11
                    Budget Deficit
                    13:17
                    National Debt
                    13:35
                    The Savings and Loan
                    13:54
                    Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
                    14:49
                    Relations with the USSR Improve
                    16:33
                    Perestroika
                    17:28
                    Glasnost
                    17:58
                    Mr. Gorbachev, Tear Down This Wall
                    18:23
                    The Wall Comes Down in 1989
                    18:57
                    Reagan Aids Anticommunists and Israelis
                    20:36
                    A Right-Wing Government in El Salvador
                    21:14
                    Setbacks in the Middle East
                    22:40
                    Involvement in Latin America and Caribbean
                    23:11
                    Iran-Contra Affair and Scandal
                    23:38
                    Banned Sending Funds to the Contras
                    24:25
                    Oliver North
                    24:46
                    Iran-Contra
                    25:08
                    Foreign Policy After the Cold War
                    26:26
                    New World Order
                    26:32
                    War on Drugs
                    27:09
                    Disintegration of Yugoslavia
                    27:30
                    Social Issues
                    28:01
                    Sandra Day O'Connor
                    28:35
                    William Rehnquist
                    28:59
                    Roe v. Wade
                    29:14
                    Economic Changes
                    29:46
                    Service Oriented
                    30:12
                    Trade Imbalance
                    30:18
                    Widened Gap Between Rich and Poor
                    30:36
                    Apple Computers and Microsoft
                    31:28
                    The Income of Two-Wage Families Graph
                    31:43
                    Other Themes in the 1980s
                    33:15
                    Materialistic Values
                    33:28
                    AIDS Epidemic
                    33:53
                    Just Say No
                    36:28
                    Challenger Explodes
                    36:50
                    1987 March On Washington for Gay and Lesbian Rights
                    37:15
                    Example 1
                    37:53
                    Example 2
                    40:57
                    Example 3
                    43:41
                    Section 9: Period 9: 1980-present
                    The End of the Cold War and a Global Society

                    1h 6m 56s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:06
                    Election of 1988
                    1:40
                    George H.W. Bush
                    1:44
                    Jesse Jackson
                    2:00
                    New World Order
                    2:52
                    Uprisings in China and Eastern Europe
                    3:16
                    Beijing's Tiananmen Square
                    3:43
                    Anticommunist Movement in 1989
                    4:38
                    Solidarity Movement
                    4:50
                    Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia
                    5:07
                    1989
                    5:40
                    Breakup of the USSR
                    6:35
                    Commonwealth of Independent States
                    6:43
                    Boris Yeltsin
                    7:13
                    Yugoslavia Disintegrated
                    7:49
                    CIS
                    8:02
                    Other Foreign Policy Issues
                    9:16
                    Invasion of Panama
                    9:38
                    Persian Gulf War
                    10:11
                    Operation Desert Storm
                    10:13
                    Vietnam Syndrome
                    12:22
                    Domestic Issues Under Bush
                    12:49
                    Budget Deficits
                    13:52
                    No New taxes
                    14:10
                    A Kinder Gentler America
                    14:35
                    The Changing Economy
                    15:12
                    Globalization
                    16:37
                    Multinational Corporations
                    17:46
                    North American Free Trade Agreement
                    19:25
                    The Rise of the European Union
                    20:15
                    European Union
                    20:58
                    Nike Factory in China
                    21:51
                    Productivity, Family Income, and Wages 1973-2004
                    22:37
                    Imports and Exports
                    24:00
                    Bill Clinton
                    24:45
                    The Election of 1992
                    24:50
                    National Health Care
                    26:05
                    Avoiding Expensive Social-Welfare Proposals
                    27:38
                    Aid to Families with Dependent Children
                    27:53
                    New Democrat
                    28:05
                    Clinton's Second Term
                    28:17
                    Foreign Policy Challenges
                    29:52
                    NATO Intervened
                    30:01
                    Air Strikes Against Al Qaeda
                    30:39
                    Technological Revolutions
                    31:12
                    Digitization
                    31:26
                    World Wide Web
                    32:11
                    Internet
                    32:32
                    Percentage of Americans Using Internet
                    33:06
                    The Annual Federal Budget Deficit (or Surplus), 1940-2005
                    33:20
                    Election of 2000
                    34:32
                    Vice President Al Gore
                    34:43
                    Florida
                    35:04
                    George W. Bush's Presidency
                    36:00
                    Economic Growth and Tax Relief Act of 2001
                    36:13
                    Federal Expenditures
                    36:48
                    War on Terror
                    38:19
                    9/11
                    38:50
                    Bush
                    39:30
                    USA Patriot Act
                    40:32
                    An Axis of Evil
                    42:01
                    Iraq
                    43:22
                    John Kerry
                    44:19
                    New Orleans
                    45:09
                    Economic Issues and 2008 Election
                    46:30
                    Significant Decline
                    46:48
                    Emergency Economic Stabilization Act
                    48:35
                    Barack Obama Wins in 2008
                    49:17
                    Remaking America
                    51:07
                    Economic Stimulus Package
                    51:39
                    Regulate Wall Street
                    52:02
                    American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
                    52:18
                    Don’t Ask. Don’t Tell Policy
                    54:42
                    Elena Kagan
                    55:17
                    New Immigrants
                    55:31
                    Example 1
                    57:27
                    Example 2
                    1:00:08
                    Example 3
                    1:04:35
                    Section 10: AP Practice Exam
                    AP Practice Exam, Section I: Multiple Choice and Short Answer

                    38m 33s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview of Exam
                    0:12
                    Multiple-Choice Section
                    1:57
                    What does It Include?
                    2:10
                    Background Information
                    2:43
                    Highlight
                    3:20
                    Completely Read the Question
                    4:33
                    Short-Answer Section
                    4:49
                    Four Questions
                    4:54
                    Complete Sentences
                    4:58
                    Thematic Learning Objectives
                    6:20
                    Sample AP U.S. History Test Answers
                    7:05
                    Multiple Choice Question 1
                    9:07
                    Multiple Choice Question 2
                    9:35
                    Multiple Choice Question 3
                    10:05
                    Multiple Choice Question 4
                    10:27
                    Multiple Choice Question 5
                    10:56
                    Multiple Choice Question 6
                    11:18
                    Multiple Choice Question 7
                    11:48
                    Multiple Choice Question 8
                    12:16
                    Multiple Choice Question 9
                    12:42
                    Multiple Choice Question 10
                    13:08
                    Multiple Choice Question 11
                    13:40
                    Multiple Choice Question 12
                    14:03
                    Multiple Choice Question 13
                    14:30
                    Multiple Choice Question 14
                    14:59
                    Multiple Choice Question 15
                    15:24
                    Multiple Choice Question 16
                    15:49
                    Multiple Choice Question 17
                    16:23
                    Multiple Choice Question 18
                    16:47
                    Multiple Choice Question 19
                    17:09
                    Multiple Choice Question 20
                    17:41
                    Multiple Choice Question 21
                    18:02
                    Multiple Choice Question 22
                    18:19
                    Multiple Choice Question 23
                    18:49
                    Multiple Choice Question 24
                    19:11
                    Multiple Choice Question 25
                    19:32
                    Multiple Choice Question 26
                    20:02
                    Multiple Choice Question 27
                    20:23
                    Multiple Choice Question 28
                    20:50
                    Multiple Choice Question 29
                    21:11
                    Multiple Choice Question 30
                    21:40
                    Multiple Choice Question 31
                    22:13
                    Multiple Choice Question 32
                    22:33
                    Multiple Choice Question 33
                    22:55
                    Multiple Choice Question 34
                    23:27
                    Multiple Choice Question 35
                    23:49
                    Multiple Choice Question 36
                    24:11
                    Multiple Choice Question 37
                    24:32
                    Multiple Choice Question 38
                    24:57
                    Multiple Choice Question 39
                    25:23
                    Multiple Choice Question 40
                    25:50
                    Multiple Choice Question 41
                    26:18
                    Multiple Choice Question 42
                    26:44
                    Multiple Choice Question 43
                    27:09
                    Multiple Choice Question 44
                    27:36
                    Multiple Choice Question 45
                    28:02
                    Multiple Choice Question 46
                    28:20
                    Multiple Choice Question 47
                    28:39
                    Multiple Choice Question 48
                    29:08
                    Multiple Choice Question 49
                    29:39
                    Multiple Choice Question 50
                    30:03
                    Multiple Choice Question 51
                    30:28
                    Multiple Choice Question 52
                    30:50
                    Multiple Choice Question 53
                    31:07
                    Multiple Choice Question 54
                    31:32
                    Multiple Choice Question 55
                    31:50
                    Short Question 1
                    32:35
                    Short Question 2
                    34:20
                    Short Question 3
                    36:11
                    Short Question 4
                    37:18
                    AP Practice Exam, Section II: Free Response

                    29m 24s

                    Intro
                    0:00
                    Overview
                    0:10
                    Free-Response Section: DBQ
                    1:38
                    Brainstorm and Jot Down What You Already Know
                    2:20
                    Highlighter
                    2:57
                    Use Outside Knowledge
                    5:11
                    Assess and Cite the Documents
                    5:32
                    Free-Response Section: Long Essay
                    7:02
                    Historical Thinking Skills
                    7:20
                    Thematic Learning Objectives
                    7:42
                    Include an Introduction
                    8:04
                    Supporting Evidence
                    8:20
                    Free-Response Section: DBQ
                    8:25
                    Introduction
                    9:41
                    Thesis
                    9:44
                    Body Paragraphs
                    10:14
                    Support With Evidence
                    10:33
                    Historical Phenomena
                    10:49
                    Synthesize the Above Components
                    10:56
                    Conclusion
                    11:06
                    Restate Thesis
                    11:25
                    Synthesize the Evidence
                    12:02
                    Sample Thesis
                    12:16
                    Document 1
                    21:53
                    Document 2
                    22:13
                    Document 3-7
                    22:43
                    Free-Response Section: Long Essay
                    23:21
                    Sample Thesis
                    24:36
                    Continuity Over Time
                    25:37
                    Change Over Time
                    26:24
                    Historical Thinking Skills and Use of Evidence
                    27:36
                    Conclusion and Analysis
                    28:10
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